PROCEEDINGS

OF THE

ENTOMOLOGICAL SOCIETY

WASHINGTON

Volume XVI

PUBLISHED BY THE SOCIETY,
QUARTERLY

BALTIMORE, MD. WASHINGTON, D. C.

1914

CONTENTS OF VOLUME XVI

Page

BANKS, NATHAN: A new ortalid Fly 138

BARBER, HERBERT S. : On interspecific mating in Phengodes and in-
breeding in Eros 32

BOVING, ADAM: On the abdominal structure of certain beetle larvae
of the campodeiform type. A study of the relation

between the integument and the muscles 55

Notes on the larvae of Hydroscapha and some other

aquatic larvae from Arizona 169

BUSCK, AUGUST: Two Microlepidoptera on Thurberia thespesioides . . 30
Annual address of the President on the classifica-
tion of the Microlepidoptera 46

Description of new Microlepidoptera of forest trees. 143

Life history of Eucosma haracana Kearfott 150

BUSCK, AUGUST, and BOVING, ADAM : On Mnemonica auricyanea Wai-
gingham 151

BUSCK, AUGUST, SCHWARZ, E. A., and BANKS, M. : Theodore N. Gill. . 177

CAUDELL, A. N. : The egg of Pseudosermyle truncata Caudell 96

GOAD, B. E,., and PIERCE, \V. D.: Studies of the Arizona Thurberia

weevil on cotton in Texas 23

COCKERELL, T. D. A.: Coleoptera at the British Museum, Bloomsburg 8

Bees visiting Thurberia 31

CRAWFORD, J. C. : The new parasitic Hymneoptera from Arizona 29

The species of Perilampidyc of America north of

Mexico 69 "

New parasitic Hymenoptera from British Guiana. . . 85

Notes on the chalcidoid family Callimomidse 122

CUSHMAN, R. A. : A new species of the braconid genus Phanerotoma

\\esmael 78 !

A revision of the North American species of the

genus Habrobracon Johnson (Ashmead) 99

FISHER, W. S. : A new species of Callichroma from Texas 97

GIRAULT, A. A. : Descriptions of new chalcid-flies 109

HEIDEMANN, OTTO: O. M. Reuter 76

A new species of North American Tingitida 1 136

HEINRICH, CARL: Notes on some forest Coleophora with descriptions

of two new species 66

HOOD, J. DOUGLAS: On the proper generic names for certain Thysan-

optera of economic importance ' 34

HOWARD, L. O. : Concerning some Aphelinhw . . 79

KXAB, FREDERICK: Ccratopogoninsn sucking the blood of caterpillars 63

Ceratopogonina' sucking the blood of other insects. 139

in

IV CONTENTS

Page
MALLOCH, J. R. : Description of a new species of Agromyza from

Porto Rico 89

The early stages of Metriocnemus lundbecki Johann-

sen 132

Forcipomyia propinquus Williston, a correction 137

Notes on the dipterous genus Chyromya R-D 179

PIERCE, W. DWIGHT: Descriptions of two new species of Strepsiptcra

parasitic on sugar cane insects 126

PIERCE, W. DWIGHT, and MORRILL, A. W. : Notes on the Entomology

of the Arizona wild

cotton 14

ROHWER, S. A. : Descriptions of two parasitic Hymenoptera 141

SCHWARZ, E. A.: Aquatic beetles, especially Hydroscapha, in hot

springs, in Arizona 163

SCHWARZ, E. A., and BARBER, H. S.: Note on Rhipidandri, a cor-
rection 175

SCHWARZ, E. A., HEIDEMANN, O., and BANKS, N. : Biography of Philip

Reese Uhler 1

SHANNON, R. C. : Habits of some Tachinida? 182

TOWNSEND, CHARLES H. T. : Note on a classification of sexual char-
acters 138

WALTON, W. R. : A New tachinid parasite of Diabrotica vittata 11

Four new species of Tachinida? from North America. . 90
A new tachinid parasite of Diapheromerafemorata Say 129
Neocelatoria ferox a synonym of Chaetophleps setosa

Coq- 138

WOLCOTT, G . N. : The cotton boll Weevil in Cuba 120

PROCEEDINGS

OF THE

ENTOMOLOGICAL SOCIETY

OF

WASHINGTON

VOLUME XVI, No. 1
MARCH, 1914

PUBLISHED QUARTERLY BY THE SOCIETY

OFFICE QF PUBLICATION

2419-21 GREBNMOUNT AVB.

BALTIMORE, MD.

EDITORIAL OFFICE
WASHINGTON. D. C.

Entered a second-olaes matter at the postoffice at Baltimore. Md.. February ?8, 1913,
under the Act of August 24, 1612

THE

ENTOMOLOGICAL SOCIETY

OF WASHINGTON

ORGANIZED MARCH 12, 1884.

The regular meetings of the Society are held on the first Thursday of
each month, from October to June inclusive, at 8 P. M.

Annual dues of active members, $3.00; of corresponding members $2.00;
initiation fee (for active members only), $1.00.

OFFICERS FOR THE YEAR 1914.

President , W. D. HUNTER

First Vice-President A. N. CAUDELL

Second Vice-President E. Ri SASSCER

Recording Secretary... W. B. WOOD

Corresponding Secretary-Treasurer S. A. ROHWER

U. S. National Museum, Washington, D. C.

Editor.^.. , 1 W. D. HUNTER

Representing the Society as a Vice-President of the

Washington Academy of Sciences A. L. QUAINTANCE

Executive Committee.

THE OFFICERS.
AUGUST BUSCK. E. A. SCHWARZ. L. O. HOWARD.

PROCEEDINGS
ENTOMOLOGICAL SOCIETY OF WASHINGTON.

Published quarterly by the Society at Baltimore, Md., and Wash-
ington, D. C. Terms of subscription: Domestic, $2.00 per annum;
foreign, $2.25 per annum; single numbers, 50 cents, foreign postage
extra. Remittances should be made payable to the Entomological
Society of Washington.

Authors of leading articles in the PROCEEDINGS will be entitled to 25
separates of each contribution, free of charge. Additional copies may be
had at 50 per cent more than cost by notifying the Editor before the final
page proof is returned to the printer.

PHILIP REESE UHLER

NOV 5

PROCEEDINGS

OF THE

ENTOMOLOGICAL SOCIETY

OF WASHINGTON

VOL. XVI 1914 No. 1

Two HUNDRED AND SEVENTY-FIRST MEETING, NOVEMBER 6, 1913.

The following resolutions and biography were presented by a
special committee consisting of E. A. Schwarz, Otto Heidemann
and Nathan Banks and were accepted by the Society.

PHILIP REESE UHLER.

The Entomological Society of Washington learns with deep
regret of the death, on October 21, of Dr. P. R, Uhler, of Balti-
more, one of the founders of this society and one of its most dis-
tinguished members.

He was the first, and for many years, the only American au-
thority on the order of Hemiptera, and though he published but
little in recent years on account of his failing health, he will be
remembered as one of the illustrious group, LeConte, Horn, Scud-
der, Osten Sacken, Edwards, and Cresson, who by their diligent
and excellent work, brought American systematic entomology to
that prominence which it has ever since maintained.

His genial nature, his kindness in helping younger students, and
his charming hospitality will long be a cherished memory.

The Entomological Society of Washington desires to record its
realization of the loss to the Society as well as to American Ento-
mology, and to express to the family of Dr. Uhler its regard and
sympathy.

LIFE AND WRITINGS OF PHILIP REESE UHLER.

Dr. P. R. Uhler was born in Baltimore on June 3, 1835, and died
in that city on October 21, 1913. He was the eldest son of George
Washington Uhler and Anna Maria Reese. His father was a
prominent merchant of Baltimore, and the boy attended several

l

Z PROCEEDINGS ENTOMOLOGICAL SOCIETY

private schools and received a broad general education, including
much training in Latin and German. When young Uhler was
about ten years old his father bought a farm near Reisterstown,
where the family often spent vacations. Here the boy began col-
lecting insects, and was encouraged by the we^-known Lepidop-
terist, the Rev. J. G. Morris and J. F. Wild, a German amateur
Entomologist residing in Baltimore.

When of age his father placed him in his establishment, but the
young man was so interested in collecting and studying geological,
botanical, and zoological material that most of his time was spent
in this way. He soon obtained a local reputation as an all around
naturalist. Although in later life he specialized in Hemiptera,
he never lost interest in the broader problems of natural history
and science in general, and was always quick to perceive the ap-
plication of these broader studies to his special work on Hemiptera.

In 1864 he was appointed by Prof. Louis Agassiz to take charge
of the collection of insects in the Museum of Comparative Zoology.
He also had charge of the library. Here he remained three years,
during which time the Museum received large accessions of mate-
rial. He made collecting trips for the Museum, to Maryland and
to Haiti, West Indies. In 1867 he returned to Baltimore.

Before Dr. Uhler went to Cambridge he had been, for a short
time, assistant librarian to the Rev. J. G. Morris, at the Peabody
Institute. Upon his return he was again appointed, and in 1870
became librarian. Upon the death of the Provost of the Insti-
tute (Dr. N. H. Morrison) in 1880, he succeeded to that position,
which he held until failing health compelled him to ask for retire-
ment in 1911. He perfected the cataloguing system at the
Institute.

His early work at the Peabody Institute allowed him sufficient
leisure to study and publish on the Hemiptera. For many years
he was practically the only authority on Hemiptera. The Hemip-
tera from the various government expeditions were sent him for
study, and many private collectors gave him material. In 1875
he spent two weeks on the plains and mountains of eastern Col-
orado. Here he collected insects of all orders, and in addition to
reporting on the Hemiptera, he made a report, with notes of habits
and occurrence, on all other insects. About 1888, in company of
his wife he visited Europe, purchasing books for the Peabody In-
stitute and examining the Hemiptera in European collections.
His entomological correspondence was very extensive, and in the
course of years he had to determine many thousands of Hem-
iptera for his numerous friends and correspondents. But he at-
tended to his arduous and often thankless work with the greatest
patience and thoroughness.

OF WASHINGTON, VOLUME XVI, HH4

With the increased duties at the Peabody Institute in 1890, and
with the gradual failing of his eyesight he was forced to neglect sys-
tematic work and did little thereafter. The most important of his
systematic papers are the revisions of the CydnicUe and the Saldii l;> .
He had planned and partially completed a large work on the Cap-
sidse, but much of this was never published, and is now superseded
by the papers of Renter. Faunistic papers were especially favor-
ed by Dr. Uhler and some of them were published in the pro-
ceedings of our society. In each of these he presented some
observations on the relationships of the Hemipterous fauna, or con-
siderations on geographic distribution. In his systematic work
he gave full, often elaborate descriptions, but rarely with figures or
tables.

A few years before his death he donated his collection to the
National Museum, but some of his types are in the Boston Society
of Natural History and in Colorado, Kansas and California,
while the West Indian types were returned to London. He de-
scribed about six hundred species.

In his early life he published a few papers on economic entomolo-
gy, Orthoptera, Coleoptera and Neuroptera, but his chief service
in this order was the translation from the Latin of Dr. Hagen's
Synopsis of North American Neuroptera. His types of Odonata
and Orthoptera are in the Museum of Comparative Zoology. He
also published several papers on archaeology, and in later life on
library methods. Some would say he was a naturalist of the old
school; but no, he was a naturalist of Nature's school, a school to
which all ages by patient work and untrammeled enthusiasm
must ever pledge allegiance. As such the life of Uhler will be an
inspiration to every young naturalist, who, amid the multiplicity
of paths of modern investigation leading to some paltry rewards
is tempted to forsake the love of Nature. Before his ill health
Dr. Uhler often attended our meetings, frequently taking part in
the discussion in an intelligent and animated way, and all who saw
him will long remember how he and Henry Ulke would greet each
other in the good old German fashion. The Washington ento-
mologists will not forget the delightful meetings of our Society,
held at Dr. Uhler's invitation at his hospitable home in Baltimore.

Dr. Uhler was connected with many scientific societies; besides
being a charter member of ours. He was a fellow of the A. A. A. S.,
of the Entomological Society of America, of the American Ento-
mological Society, and of the Philadelphia Academy qf Natural
Sciences, a founder, lecturer, and president of the Maryland Acad-
emy of Sciences, and an honorary member of the International
Congress of Entomology. In 1900 New York University conferred
on him the honorary degree of Doctor of Laws.

PROCEEDINGS ENTOMOLOGICAL SOCIETY

Personally Dr. Uhler was of medium height and build, and pos-
sessed a ver3 r congenial disposition that won for him a host of
friends. He was a ready speaker and his lectures at the Maryland
Academy were both interesting and instructive.

He was twice married, first in 1867 to Miss Sophia Werde-
baugh of Baltimore, who died in 1883. A son of this union,
Horace Scudder Uhler is now a professor in Yale. In 1886 Dr.
Uhler married Miss Pearl B. Daniels, who had helped him prepare
his List of Hemiptera. A daughter, Miriam D., and her mother
remain to mourn their loss.

A list of Dr. Uhler's papers on Hemiptera, was published by
Mr. Henshaw in Psyche in 1903, together with a useful index.
His other papers have been fewer, and incorporated chronolog-
ically with his papers on Hemiptera in the following list.

THE WRITINGS OF PHILIP REESE UHLER.

1855 Descriptions, of a few species of Coleoptera supposed to be new
Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Phil., 1855, pp. 415-18.

1857 Contributions to the Neuropterology of the United States. Proc.

Acad. Nat. Sci. Phil., 1857, pp. 87-89.

1858 Descriptions of new species of Neuropterous insects collected by the

North Pacific exploring expedition under Capt. John Rodgers.
Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Phil., 1858, pp. 29-31.

Orthoptera, Hemiptera, and Neuroptera; in instructions for collect-
ing insects. Ann. Rep. Smiths. Inst. f. 1858, pp. 164-67, 1859.

1859 Insects. Amer. Farmer, August, 1859, p. 39-40.

Insects, No. 2, Chinch-bug, lady-bird, Amer. Farmer, September,
1859, pp. 68-69.

1860 Hemiptera of the North Pacific exploring expedition under Com'rs.

Rodgers and Ringgold. Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Phil., 1860, pp.
221-31.

1861 Insects injurious to vegetation. Rept. Comm. Patents, for I860,

Agriculture, 1861, pp. 312-322.

Homoptera of the North Pacific exploring expedition under Com'rs.
Rodgers and Ringgold. Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Phil., 1861, pp.
282-284.

1861 Descriptions of four species of Hemiptera collected by the Northwest-
ern boundary survey. Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Phil., 1861, pp. 284-86.
Rectification of the paper upon the Hemiptera of the North Pacific

expedition. Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Phil., 1861. pp. 286-87.
Descriptions of a few new species of Hemiptera, and observations
upon some already described. Proc. Ent. Soc. Phil., 1861, vol. i,
pp. 21-24.

1863 Hemipterological contributions, No. I. Proc. Ent, Soc. Phil., 1863,
vol. n, pp. 155-162.

OF WASHINGTON, VOLUME XVI, 1914

1863 Hemipterological contributions. No. II, Proc. Eiit. Soc. Phil., 1863,

vol. n, pp. 361-366.

1864 Orthopterological contributions. Proc. Ent. Soc. Phil., 1864, vol. n,

pp. 543-555,

1867 Some remarks on the Odonata of Haiti. Proc. Bost. Soc. Nat. His.,
vol. xi, pp. 295-298.

1869 Notices of the Hemiptera obtained by the expedition of Prof.. James

Orton in Ecuador and Brazil. Proc. Bost. Soc. Nat. Hist., 1869,
vol. 12, pp. 321-327.

1870 (Podisus placidus) Amer. Ent. Bot. 1870, vol. n, p. 203.

1871 Notices of some Heteroptera in the collection of Dr. T. W. Harris.

Proc. Bost. Soc. Nat. Hist. 1871, vol. 14, pp. 93-109.

1871 (Salt water Hemiptera). Amer. Jour. Science, 1871, ser. 3, vol. i,

pp. 105-106.

A list of Hemiptera collected in eastern Colorado and northwestern
New Mexico, by C. Thomas, during the expedition of 1869. Kept.
U. S. Geol. Surv. Terr. Wyoming, 1871, pp. 471-472.

1872 Notices of the Hemiptera of the western territories of the United

States, chiefly from the surveys of Dr. F. V. Hayden. Kept. U. S.

Geol. Surv. Terr. Montana, 1872, pp. 392-423.
1875 List of the species of Hemiptera and Neuroptera obtained by Prof.

James Orton, in northern Peru. Proc. Bost. Soc. Nat. Hist., 1875,

vol. 17, pp. 282-286.
Report upon the collections of Hemiptera made in portions of Nevada,

Utah, California, Colorado, New Mexico, and Arizona, during the

years 1871, 1873, and 1874. Rept. Geol. and Geog. Survey of Capt.

G. Wheeler, 1875, vol. 5, pp. 829-842, pi. 42.

-7'j List of the Hemiptera of the region west of the Mississippi River, in-
cluding those collected during the Hayden explorations of 1873.

Bull. U. S. Geol. and Geog. Surv. 1876, vol. i, pp. 269-361, pi. 19-21.
-77 Report upon the Hemiptera collected during the years 1874, 1875, by

P. R. Uhler. Rept. Geol. Surv. of Capt. G. Wheeler, app. N. N.

1877.

Report upon the insects collected by P. R. Uhler, during the explora-
tions of 1875, including monographs of the families Cydnidae and

Salda*, and the Hemiptera collected by A. S. Packard, Jr., M.D.

Bull. U. S. Geol. and Geog. Surv., 1877, vol. 3, pp. 355-475; 765-801,

pis. 27-28.
Ib78 Notices of the Hemiptera Heteroptera in the collection of the late

T. W. Harris, M.D. Proc. Bost. Soc. Nat. Hist., 1878, vol. 19,

pp. 365-446.
On the Hemiptera collected by Dr. Elliott Coues, U. S. A., in Dakota

and Montana, during 1873, 1874. Bull. U. S. Geol. and Geog. Surv.,

1878, vol. 4, pp. 503-512.

() PEOCEEDINGS ENTOMOLOGICAL SOCIETY

1879 List of animals abserved at Fort Wool, Va. Studies biol. lab. Johns

Hopkins Univ., 1879, vol. i, no. 3, pp. 17-34.

1880 Remarks on a new form of jassid. Amer. Entom., 1880, vol. 3, pp.

72-73.

1884 Order VI, Hemiptera. Standard Nat. Hist., 1884, vol. 2, pp. 204-
296. Riverside Nat. Hist., 1888, vol. 2, pp. 204-296.

1886 Check list of the Hemiptera Heteroptera of North America. Brook-

lyn Ent. Soc., 1886, 30 pp.
A new noxious capsid. Can. Ent., 1886, vol. 18, pp. 208-209.

1887 (Lygus monachus.) U. S. Dept. Agric. Div. Ent. Bull., 13, 1887, pp.

63-64.
Observations on some North American Capsida?. Ent. Amer., 1887,

vol. 2, pp. 229-231.
Observations on some Capsidae with descriptions of a few new species.

(No. 2.) Ent, Amer. 18S7, vol. 3, pp. 29-35.
Observations on North American Capsidse with descriptions B of new

species. (No. 3.) Ent. Amer., 1887, vol. 3, pp. 67-72.
Observations on Capsida; with descriptions of new species. (No. 4.)

Amer. Ent. 1887, vol. 3, pp. 149-151.

1888 Preliminary survey of the Cicadicla- of the United States, Antilles and

Mexico. Ent. Amer., 1888, vol. 4, pp. 21-23; 81-85.

1889 New Genera and species of the American Homoptera. Trans. Mary-

land Acad. Sci., 1888, vol. i, pp. 33-44.

1889 Observations upon the Heteroptera collected in southern Florida by

Mr. E. A. Schwarz. Proc. Ent. Soc. Wash., 1889, vol. i, pp. 142-143.
Observations on the insects of the Bermudas. Heilprins' The Ber-
muda Islands. Phil., 1889, pp. 152-158.

1890 Observations on North American Capsidse, with descriptions of new

species. No. 5. Trans. Maryland Acad. Sci., 1890, vol. i, pp. 73-88.

1891 Observations on some remarkable forms of Capsidce. Proc. Ent. Soc.

Wash., 1891, vol. 2, pp. 119-123.

Remarkable new Homoptera. Trans. Maryland Acad. Sci., 1891,
vol. i, pp. 143-147.

1892 Preliminary survey of the Cicadidso of the United States, Antilles

and Mexico. Trans. Maryland Acad. Sci., 1892, vol. i, pp. 147-175.
Additions to the family Cicadida?. Trans. Maryland Acad. Sci.,

1892, vol. i, pp. 175-179.
Observations on some remarkable Heteroptera of North America.

Trans. Maryland Acad. Sci., 1892, vol. i, pp. 179-184.

1893 Summary of the collection of Hemiptera secured by Mr. E. A. Schwarz

in Utah. Proc. Ent. Soc., Wash., 1893, vol. 2, pp. 366-385.
Hemiptera-Heteroptera of the Death Valley expedition. N. Amer.

Fauna, 1893, no. 7, pp. 260-265.
A list of the Hemiptera-Heteroptera collected in the island of St.

Vincent by Mr. Herbert H. Smith, with descriptions of new genera

and species. Proc. Zool. Soc. London, 1893, pp. 705-719.

OF WASHINGTON, VOLUME XVI, idl-1

1894 A list of the Hemiptera-Heteroptera of the families Anthocoridae

and Ceratocombidir collected by Mr. H. H. Smith in the island of
St. Vincent; with descriptions of new genera and species. Proc.
Zool. Soc. Lond., 1894, pp. 156-160.

On the Hemiptera-Heteroptera of the island of (irenada, West Indies
Proc. Zool. Soc. London, 1894, pp. 167-224.

Observations upon the Heteropterous Hemiptera of Lower Califor-
nia, with descriptions of new species. Proc. Cal. Acad. Sci., 1894,
ser. 2, vol. 4, pp. 223-295.

1895 An enumeration of the Hemiptera-Homoptera of the Island of St.

Vincent, W. I. Proc. Zool. Soc. London, 1895, pp. 55-84.
A preliminary list of the Herniptera of Colorado, with descriptions of

new species by P. R. Uhler and J. H. Cowen, and the authors. Bull.

31 Colo. Agric. Exper. Station, 1895, pp. 1-137.
Summary of the Hemiptera of Japan, presented to the U. S. Nat.

Museum by Prof. Mitukuri. Proc. U. S. Nat. Mus., 1896, vol. 19,

pp. 255-297.
1897 Notes on predaceous Heteroptera with Prof. Uhler's descriptions

of two species, by A. H. Kirkland. Can. Ent., vol. 29, 1897, pp.

115-18.
Contributions towards a knowledge of the Hemiptera-Heteroptera

of North America. No. 1. Trans. Maryland Acad. Sci., 1897, vol.

1, pp. 383-394.
1897 New Hemiptera. Can. Ent., 1897, vol. 29, pp. 116-118.

1899 A new destructive capsid. Ent. News, 1899, vol. 10, p. 59.

1900 Aids to a recognition of some North American genera and species of

the old family Fulgorida\ Trans. Maryland Acad. Sci., 1900, vol.
1, pp. 401-408.

1901 Some new genera and species of North American Hemiptera. Proc.

Ent. Soc. Wash., 1901, vol. 4, pp. 507-515.

1903 A new Cicada from Haiti. Trans. Maryland Acad. Sci., 1903, vol. n, .

p. 18.

Enumeration of the Cicadidic of Brazil in the collection of Mr. Herbert
H. Smith.' Trans. Maryland Acad. Sci., vol. u, 1903, pp. 1-17.

1904 Recognition of two North American species of Cicada Latr. Ent.

News, vol. 16, no. 3, pp. 74-77, 1904.

List of Hemiptera-Heteroptera of Las Vegas Hot Springs, New Mex-
ico, collected by E. A. Schwarz, and H. S. Barber. Proc. U. S.
Nat. Mus., vol. 27, pp. 349-361, 1904.

1905 Recognition of two North American species of Cicada Latr. Ent.

News, 1905; pp. 74-77.

The Society also adopted the following resolutions presented by
a special committee consisting of A. L. Quaintance, W. B. Wood
and A. D. Hopkins.

PROCEEDINGS ENTOMOLOGICAL SOCIETY
A. G. HAMMAR.

The accidental death of Mr. Alfred G. Hammar, while hunting
in the Capitan Mountains near Roswell, New Mexico, is learned
with deep regret by the members of the Entomological Society of
Washington. Mr. Hammar was a regular attendant of the meet-
ings of the Society during his winter sojourns in Washington, and
took a deep interest in its work, and by his contributions of papers
and participations in discussions, added much of interest to its
meetings.

Mr. Hammar accomplished much valuable work in the field of
economic entomology, notably his thorough-going biologic studies
of the codling moth ia Pennsylvania, Michigan, and New Mexico,
and of the grape root worm in Pennsylvania.

His genial nature and uniform courtesy to his associates have won
him a place high in the esteem of all who had come to know him.

The Entomological Society of Washington wishes to here record
its feeling of the loss to the Society, as well as to American Eco-
nomic Entomology, and to express to his wife and brother its
sincere sympathy.

The following papers were presented.

Coleoptera at the British Museum, Bloomsbury. T. D. A. Cockerell.

A new Tachinid Parasite of Diabrotica vittata. W. R. Walton.

Notes on the Entomology of the Arizona Wild Cotton. W. D. Pierce and

A. W. Morrill.
Experiments with the Arizona Wild Cotton Weevil on Texas Cotton. B.

R. Coad and W. D. Pierce.

Description of a New Blister Mite on Arizona Wild Cotton. Nathan Banks.
Two Microlepidoptera on Thurberia. August Busck.
The Chestnut Bast-miner. August Busck. 1

COLEOPTERA AT THE BRITISH MUSEUM, BLOOMSBURY.

BY T. D. A. COCKERELL.

In the old days, which I am just old enough to remember, the
natural history departments of the British Museum were in the
original building; in Bloomsbury, London. The entomologists
had to work in underground rooms, which were so dark that criti-
cal work must often have been difficult, and we cannot wonder
that some of the descriptions prepared there are hard to under-
stand. Even at South Kensington, the light is not always as good

1 Published in Ins. Ins. Mens., n, pp. 3-4, 1914.

OF WASHINGTON, VOLUME XVI, UU4 9

as one could wish, but the conditions there are infinitely better
than those in the old quarters. In spite of disadvantages, the
entomologists of those earlier times were full of zeal, and gave a
remarkable token of this in the collection they formed of beet'es
found on the Museum premises, either in the building or (prin-
cipally) in the large, paved courtyard in front of it. This collec-
tion is still extant, and many years ago, when I was preparing a
list of the insects of Middlesex, I was allowed to copy the data
for use therein. Shortly after, I left England, and the list of Mid-
dlesex insects, which had appeared in part in the Entomologist,
was discontinued, with only a very small part of the Coleoptera
published. Looking over my old notes, I find I have still this
British Museum list, and it occurs to me that some account of it
may interest workers in the U. S. National Museum. The very
large number of Coleoptera found at the British Museum may no
doubt be attributed in part to the rather close proximity of Covent
Garden Market. The market close to the National Museum at
Washington may be expected similarly to be a source of insects
wandering on to the Museum premises. Conditions at Blooms-
bury are, however, much more thoroughly urban than those at
Washington. Lists of this sort while not exhibiting the insects
in their most natural surroundings, are of value and interest as
showing how many species are spread by the agency of man, and
may be found in the midst of cities and in other apparently un-
likely places. When the facts are understood, we may marvel,
not that so many insects are spread beyond their original habitat
and establish themselves in new countries, but rather that more
do not do so. Thus, it is really surprising that more European
Coleoptera have not become established in America.

It is not worth while to give the whole list of British Museum
beetles. I give instead the lists for several genera as a good sample
of the whole. For each genus mentioned, I give all the species
reported.

Cicindela campestris L.

Notiophilus aquaticus L., palustris Duft., bigutlatus F.

Amara apricaria Payk., familiaris Duft., acuminata Payk., trivialis Gyll.

lunicollis Schiodte, similala Gyll., plebeia Gyll.
Cercyon hcemorrhoidalis F., flavipes F., unipunctatus L., quisquilius L., me-

lanocephalus L., terminatus Marsh., nigriceps Marsh.
Choleva furnata Spence.

Mycetoporus longulusMann., lepidus Grav. angularisHey, clavicornis Steph.
Philonthus splendens F., laminalus Creutz, ceneus Rossi, politus F., mart] in -

atus F., varius Gyll., sordidus Grav., cephalotes Grav., bipustulaius Panz.,

varians Payk., ventralis Grav., nigritulus Grav.

10 PROCEEDINGS ENTOMOLOGICAL SOCIETY

Oxytelus rugosus F., laqueatus Marsh., sculptus Grav., sculpturatus Grav.,

nitidulus Grav., complanatus Er., depressus Grav.

Rhizophagus depressusF., perforatus Er., parallelocollis Gyll. , bipustulatus F.,
Cryptophagus pilosus Gyll., saginatus Sturm, scanicus L., badius Sturm,

cellaris Scop., acutungulus Gyll., dentntusFierbst., distinguendus Sturm,

bicolor Sturm, vini Panz.

Phyllotreta tittidn Redt., undulata Kuts., nemorum L.
Alphitobius diaperinus Panz., piceus Ol.
Otiorhynchus scabrosus Marsh., sulcatus F.,
Hypera punctatu F., polygoni L., nigrirostris F.,
Hylesinus crenalus F., fraxini F.,
Tomicus typographus L., chalcographus L.

In the list as it stands, I find in Tenebno only molitor L. (no
obscurus); in Bruchus only flavimanus Boh. Possibly some of
the very common species were not preserved. In Cerambycidce
I find only five species: CaUidiuni alni L., C. vanabile L., Gracilia
lii/</mcea F., Mol<>r<-hnx minor L., Acanthocinus cedilis L., Chrys-
onicla is represented only by polita L., a species common around
London (Lsleworth, Bedford Park, Hendon). There are only
four Hi*t< rnl<i<: H i*t<-r ctn/tirtTinns Hoff., H. purpurascens Herbst.,
Siipr/nttx (t'ttcus F., Dendrophilus punctatus Herbst. The only
Dytiscidce are Hydroporux pubescens Gyll., H. palustris L., Aga-
bus bipustulatus L. and Ac/lius xtilcdtu* L.

-Mr. Sclnvarz said that he believed there is a list of the insects
of Paris. He also remembered that many years ago the Entomo-
logical Society of Berlin brought together a list of the insects found
in the city of Berlin. The number of insects found in the city of
\Vu>hington, D. C., is immensely greater than that found in most
other cities, a fact which is easily explained by the large number of
squares and parks. There should be an unpublished list of the
insects found on the Smithsonian grounds present in the old files
of the Division of Entomology. In this connection he mentioned a
curious fact namely, that there is at the corner of 12th and D
Streets an ash tree which thirty-five years ago was badly infested
with a Lepidopterous borer, Agalia polistiformis, and on which
two predaceous Elaterid beetles, Chalcolepidius viridipilis and
Hemirhipus fascicularis were always to be found. Today the same
tree is still living and harbors the same insects.

Dr. Hopkins mentioned the large number of species of forest
insects, injurious, beneficial, and neutral, which were attracted by

OF WASHINGTON, VOLUME XVI, 1914 1 1

the odor of pine lumber in the extensive lumber yards of H Street
N. W. As a consequence a large number of old Norway spruce
trees on the Agricultural Grounds have died during the past three
years, having been killed by three species of Scolytids Ips calli-
graphus, Ips granchcollis, and Ips avnlxiix. the first attacking tin-
lower trunk, the second the upper portion, and the third the top-
and branches. Each species has its usual set of parasitic and pre-
datory enemies, associates, and scavengers, making in all quite an
extensive fauna.

A NEW TACHINID PARASITE OF DIABROTICA VITTATA.

Bv \V. R. WALTON, Bureau of Entomology.

One Tachinid parasite of Diabrotica has been known to science
since 1871, in which year Celatoria (Melanosphora) diabrotiav was
described by Dr, Henry Shinier. 1 Subsequently the late D. \V.
Coquillett redescribed this species under other generic and specific
names. 2

Shimer's brief and characterless description of diabroticce to-
gether with his placing of the species in the genus Melanosphora of
the Dexiidse offer an excellent excuse for this redescription and
synonymous specific name. Shimer's figure, depicting the wing
venation fairly well, affords the one clue which preserves his di-
agnosis from oblivion.

In his redescription of C. diabroticce Mr. Coquillett unfortunately
confuses the sexes as he says : "Venter hi female normal : in the male,
furnished with a large, longitudinally compressed process." A-
a matter of fact the female is the possessor of this process which
is excellently shown in Dr. Marx's drawing accompanying his
article. Mr. C. H. T. Townsend has previously commented upon
this misinterpretation. 3 Mr. Coquillett also describes here for
the first time the peculiar spiny puparium which is quite distinct-
ive of this group, for which Mr. Townsend proposes the name
Celatoriince.

During the early part of June of the present year a wild cucuml >cr
vine on the premises occupied by the author at Hyattsville, Mary-
land, became heavily infested with the beetle, Diabrotica vittatn
Fabr. While observing the movements of the beetles on June -1,
several minute tachinid flies were seen sitting upon the upper sur-

1 American Naturalist, vol. v, p. 219, 1871.

2 Celaluriii crawii, Insect Life, vol. n, p. 235, LVKI.

3 Annals Ent. Soc. of Am., vol. iv, p. 140, June. 1911.

12 PROCEEDINGS ENTOMOLOGICAL SOCIETY

faces of the leaves. Suddenly one of these individuals dashed at
a beetle, they grappled, the beetle rolled over upon its back. Then,
almost instantly, the fly disengaged herself, resuming the pose up-
on the leaf, preening her body with the hind legs. The beetle
rolled off to the ground and presently flew away. This was ob-
served several times and finally a fly and the beetle attacked were
captured for examination. The beetle was found to have a clean
hole punched through the center of one elytron. An examination
of the abdominal appendages of the fly (plate I, fig. 1) left little
doubt as to the origin of this puncture. By referring to the figure
it will be seen that the second abdominal segment is immensely
prolonged downward into a laterally compressed tubercle, the apex
of which is armed with short, flattened, somewhat pointed, spine-
like, processes, directed slightly caudad. Opposed to this, with
its base attached to apex of the abdomen, is a long curved, strong-
ly chitinized piercer. This is normally held with its tip ensheathed
in the posterior edge of the abdominal process described above.
In life it is easily visible with the aid of a hand lens. Figure 2 of
plate I shows the author's interpretation of the function of these
two appendages.

The contact of the fly with the beetle is much too brief and the
conflict too strenuous for the eye to observe what actually takes
place. But taking into consideration the position of the punc-
tures on the elytra of the beetle and the conformation of the
puncturing apparatus, together with the fact that the beetle is
turned upon its back during the conflict, this hypothetical figure
seems quite plausible.

Several punctured beetles were collected and placed in a breed-
ing jar and on July 10 one fly puparium was found therein. This
resembles the puparium of Celatoria quite closely in that it is cov-
ered with short, spine-like processes. Owing to the writer's pro-
longed absence from the city, further results of this rearing were
lost. But the facts outlined above indicate conclusively the para-
sitism of this fly on Diabrotica.

When first observed it was naturally supposed to be Celatoria
diabroticce Shimer. In size and general appearance it closely re-
sembles that species but a careful examination revealed important
structural differences which make it necessary to propose not only
a new species but also to erect a new genus for its reception. This
latter action becomes necessary because the first vein is spiny
for almost its entire length. It seems quite apparent that this
character is wholly artificial, but as it has been utilized extensively
as a primary generic and even group character, and is of undoubted
convenience in spite of its apparent artificiality, the name Neoce-
latoria ferox n. gen. n. sp. is herewith proposed for this curious fly.

1'HOC. ENT. SOC. WASH., VOL. XVT.

PLATE 1.

Ncoccliitorni f,To.r Walton; 1, Ahdomcn of tVnmlr; In, Enlarged view of
abdoniinnl tubm-lo; 2, Hypothetical dru\vin<j; showing probable functioning
of appendages; 3, Head of female; 4, Wing.

CelatoriadiabroticceShimeT;5, Abdomen of female ;5a, Alxlominal tubercle
enlarged.

OF WASHINGTON, VOLUME XVI, 1914

13

Neocelatoria n. genus.

First vein bristly on its apical two-thirds; face on lower half of sides
bare; proboscis scarcely longer than height of head; apical cell ending at
wing tip barely open or slightly closed; eyes bare; frontal vitta opaque;
palpi subcylindrical; penultimate joint of arista slightly longer than broad;
sides of face at narrowest point not nearly one-third as wide as median
depression; head at vibrissae shorter than at root of antennae; horizontal
diameter of occiput above neck less than one-half length of eye. With one
or more frontal bristles below base of antennae. Female with one or two
pairs of orbitals. Female with second segment of the abdomen prolonged
ventrally into a long setigerous tubercle, quite twice as deep as the fourth
abdominal segment.

Neocelatoria ferox n. sp.

Minute, blackish, wings broad, hyaline, Eyes large, occupying nearly
two-thirds of the head, each fully as wide as front. Front cinereous, sides
nearly parallel. Vertex slightly black. Frontal vitta dark brown, nearh
black, occupying about one-third of the front immediately over root of an-
tennae, gradually widening towards vertex where it occupies fully one-half
of the'width of front. Entire face including depression cinereous; sides at
narrowest part not more than one-tenth as wide as depression; antennae
black, slightly cinereous, almost or quite as long as face. Third joint at
least five times as long as second; artista; thickened to the middle; second
joint slightly longer than broad; post vertical and ocellar bristles strong.
Usually two pairs of orbital bristles (in female), frontal bristles descending
nearly to tip of second joint; proboscis short, fleshy, black; palpi yellow
Beard and hairs of lower occiput white; vibrissae on oral margin; oral cavity
large, occupying the entire width of face. Facial ridges bristly on more
. tha"n lower half; thorax black, humeri and median vitta thinly gray pollin-
ose to the transverse suture ; posterior to this nearly bare. Abdomen black
shining, somewhat laterally compressed; bases of second, third and fourth
segments thinly gray pollinose. First segment without marginals; second
segment bearing marginals only; third segment bearing a pair of small dis-
cals and marginals; fourth with a marginal row only. Post sutural bristles
three; sternopleurals three with some coarse hairs. Scutellum black
ing three pairs of long marginals, the apical pair the smallest. Abdomen
viewed from the side showing a deep, compressed, setigerous prolongation
of the second segment, the lower end of which projects considerably below
the level of the bottom of hind coxa?. Ovipositor and piercer black, strong-
ly chitinized, slightly compressed laterally, curved forward with its
ensheathed in the prolongation .of the second segment. Legs rather stout,
black; middle tibise with a single strong bristle on the front side near mid-
dle; hind tibiae not ciliate; wings clear hyaline; hind cross vein nearly rec-t
angular, straight; veins brown; halteres yellow; calypters whitish; length
three to four mm.

14 PROCEEDINGS ENTOMOLOGICAL SOCIETY

Described from two females collected at Hyattsville, Maryland.
June 4, 1913. Type a female deposited in U. S. National Museum,
Washington, D. C. A figure of the abdomen of Celatoria diabro-
ticce has been provided for the purpose of comparison (plate I,
fig. 3).

NOTES ON THE ENTOMOLOGY OF THE ARIZONA
WILD COTTON.

BY W. D. PIERCE AND A. W. MORRILL.

Arizona wild cotton, Thurberia thespesioides, has been under
observation for several years, by Prof. J. J. Thornber, of the Uni-
versity of Arizona, who has acquired specimens from many different
localities in southern Arizona and has in fact recommended it as a
flowering shrub. Possibly it first received attention from an
entomological standpoint from one of us (Morrill), when, in Au-
gust, 1912, in company with Prof. R. H. Forbes, director of the
Arizona Experiment Station, several plants were found and ex-
amined near Fish Creek on the Roosevelt Road, where the plant
had not previously been known to exist.. A considerable number
of bolls were examined, but no insect injury of any kind was noted.
Believing that the cotton boll weevil would attack this as a food
plant, a number of the bolls and squares were mailed to the labora-
tory of the Bureau of Entomology at Dallas, Texas, for testing
with live weevils. This material was not received in good con-
dition, however, so the testing of the attraction of the Arizona *vild
cotton for the typical Anthonomus grandis was deferred until the
past summer.

The plant assumed economic importance when Mr. 0. F. Cook
made an announcement in February, 1913, of the finding of the
Mexican cotton boll weevil in the bolls in Sabino Canyon, Santa
Catalina mountains. This announcement was followed very short-
ly by the receipt at Washington of a sack of infested bolls from
Stone Cabin Canyon, Santa Rita Mountains. Out of a total of
743 bolls, 220 weevil stages were obtained. Of these, 171 were
dead but 18 live adults were found in their cells. In the bolls the
mortality was provisionally classified as follows:

per cent

Due to climatic causes. . (>.">. 00

2.27

Due to predators

Due to parasites . . 1 .82

Due to fungus . . S .63

Total for all classes.. 77.72

OF WASHINGTON, VOLUME XVI, 1014

Among the parasites were found the traces of two specimens
of a Cerambycobius. The remaining parasites were Braconids
The material also contained thirteen stages of a Lepidopterous
boll feeder, of which one larva was found alive. A predaceous
Coleopterous larva was also found.

During the last two weeks in August the authors made a fchoroug
examination of the insects associated with this plant in several
localities in Arizona. The lowest altitude at which the plant was
found growing was about 2500 feet in Fish Creek Canyon, sixteen
miles west of Roosevelt. In this section the plant is quite com-
mon not only on the side of the canyon a short distance above the
bed but even on the top of the high plateau nearby at an elevation
of approximately 3300 feet, Many squares, a few blooms and a
few bolls were found on the plants in this section on August 19
No weevil indications could be found here.

On the following day a search was made for the wild cotton plant
in one of the canyons near Roosevelt and in a side canyon which
opens into Fish Creek Canyon, but no wild cotton plants were
found Judging from observations afterward made in the Santa
Catalina and Santa Rita Mountains the authors would consider
both of these canyons as likely places for the plant to occur.

Owing to the extensive cultivation of cotton in the Salt River
Valley below this point a search has been made for the plant in
Hieroglyphic Canyon and also in another canyon of the Salt River
Mountains south of Phoenix, by Mr. E. E. Russell under direction
of the Arizona State Entomologist's office. No trace of the plant
was found. It is quite probable that the wild cotton exists some-
where nearer the Salt River Valley cotton plantations than Fish
( 'reek but no search other than mentioned has yet been made.

From Phcenix we proceeded to Tucson which is on the mesa
surrounded by mountain ranges. The presence of cotton at Tuc-
son lent considerable importance to the conditions here. Within
a few years cotton will be grown for twenty or thirty miles in the
Santa Cruz Valley if conditions permit. North of Tucson and com-
ing within a very few miles of the cotton fields already planted are
the Santa Catalina Mountains. The plant occurs according to
our observations and those of Professor Thornber in Puna, Vent-
ana, Sabino, Bear and Soldiers Canyons in this range. We
found the weevil in the second and Mr. Cook found it in the third.
It no doubt will be found in the others. Joining these mountains
on the east are the Tanque Verde and Rincoii Mountains in both
of which ranges the plant occurs. South of Tucson about thirty
miles are the Santa Rita Mountains in which the wild cotton is
common. We found it in Sawmill and Stone Cabin Canyons,
with the weevil abundant, West of Tucson is a very dry unprom-
ising range of mountains, the Tucson Mountains, in which we found

10 PROCEEDINGS ENTOMOLOGICAL SOCIETY

absolutely no signs of the plant. Outside of our records Thur-
beria is known also to occur in the Mule Pass, Chiricahua, and
Huachuca Mountains, at Ft. Bowie, Davidson Springs and near
Dragoon, Arizona, and in southwestern Chihuahua and Guadala-
jara, Mexico.

In altitude the plant occurs from 2300 (Fish Creek Canyon,
Arizona) to 5000 feet. (Sawmill Canyon, Santa Rita Mountains,
Arizona.) According to Mr. F. L. Lewton it occurs as high as
7000 feet altitude in Mexico. It is perennial, resembling the cot-
ton plant so closely that it is locally known as wild cotton.

Entomologically Thurberia is a very interesting plant. The
large nectary of the midrib on the underside of the leaves, the three
nectaries at the base of the involucral bracts, and the nectar of the
flowers prove powerful attractions to insects. The tender foliage
and the succulent buds and bolls furnish excellent insect food.

BOLL WEEVIL.

By far the most important species attacking the wild cotton is
the boll weevil, Anthonomus grandis, var. thurberice Pierce which
is known to breed in the squares and bolls in Ventana and Sabino
Canyons of the Santa Catalina Mountains, and Sawmill and Stone
Cabin Canyons of the Santa Rita Mountains. It passes the winter
spring and summer in cells in the bolls, emerging in August or as
late as September 1 to begin attack on the new crop of squares
and bolls. It hardly seems possible that the weevil can have more
than two generations a year on this plant. The eggs are laid at
the base of squares, and are covered by a transparent gelatinous
scale upon which is usually a little clot of excrement. The eggs
are elongate, often twice as long as wide. On August 25 in Stone
Cabin Canyon no larva? were found over one-fifth grown, although
it is quite possible the weevil may develop earlier in the lower
canyons. The first adults were bred from Stone Cabin Canyon
bolls about November 10.

The adult weevils are robust and generally larger than the Mexi-
can cotton boll weevil and one receives a very strong impression
that he is dealing with a distinct species. The records made by
Mr. Coad at Victoria, Tex., however, have proven the Arizona form
to be conspecific with the cotton boll weevil. The typical grandis
occurs at altitudes under 2000 feet, while thurberiw is found only
at altitudes of over 4000 feet. The food plants are considered
generically different by botanists. Geographically the two vari-
eties are separated by hundreds of miles. The cotton weevil
occurs in Cuba, Costa Rica, Mexico and the southern United
States while thurberice occurs in southern Arizona and also prob-
ably in the mountains of Mexico.

OF WASHINGTON, VOLUME XVI, 1914 17

LEAF WORM.

Next in interest is Alabama argillacea, one full grown larva of
which was found on Thurberia in Stone Cabin Canyon, while the
species was also found on the extremely isolated patch of cotton
at Tucson thirty miles distant to the north, and also in the cotton
fields at Phoenix. This species is known to display a tremendous
power of flight in its annual northward dispersion. The question
of greatest interest is whether the mild winters of Phoenix and Tuc-
son will enable it to hibernate in Arizona and be present for the
next cotton crop. At Victoria, Texas, Mr. Goad experimentally
fed Alabama larvae on his Thurberia plants and in some experi-
ments gave them a choice between cotton and Thurberia leaves
but found that they fed on both and that they matured normally
when fed on the Thurberia. On the other hand they did not seek
the Thurberia naturally.

This insect occurs on cotton in South and Central America and
the West Indies, and only comes into the United States in warm
seasons. It has never previously been taken on any other food
plant than cotton.

The absence of the cotton worm with the single exception noted,
in the sections where the Arizona wild cotton was examined, in-
dicates the improbability of the insect being indigenous to Arizona.
The discovery of the insect upon cultivated cotton near Tucson
the first season of its growth in that locality is almost positive
evidence that the moths of this insect had reached Arizona by
flight from points hundreds of miles to the south.

THE THURBERIA BOLL WORM.

The Thurberia boll worm is considered the most destructive
of all the insects found attacking Arizona wild cotton. During
the latter part of August the eggs of this Noctuid were very abun-
dant in Stone Cabin Canyon in the Santa Rita Range and were
also found in Sawmill Canyon a few miles distant, but in this lat-
ter locality they were noticeably scarce. In Ventana Canyon in
the Santa Cataiina Mountains one of the authors (Morrill) in com-
pany with Prof. G. F. Freeman on July 1, 1913, estimated that
about a fourth of the old bolls attached to the plants had been
eaten out by worms, undiscovered at that time. A single old
boll similarly destroyed was found at Fish Creek Canyon in Au-
gust. Further evidence of the wide distribution of the insect
in Arizona exists in the eggs found upon the herbarium specimens
of the National Museum from near Bisbee (probably in Mule
Mountains) and from the Rincon Mountains. It is of interest to
note that the first of these records is dated September 14, 1892.

18 PROCEEDINGS ENTOMOLOGICAL SOCIETY

The egg is pure white in color, truncate-conical in form, with
crater like apical depression. Greatest diameter 0.79 to 0.83 mm.
height, 0.79 to 0.8 mm.; diameter of entrance to apical cavity,
0.13 mm.; edges ragged. Surface of eggs marked with slightly
depressed reticulations forming polygonal cells, small at base of
the eggs and gradually increasing in size as the diameter of the egg
decreases. About 52 cells occur around largest circumference
and about 21 cells around smallest circumference. As the embryo
develops the egg gradually becomes distinctly pinkish.

The pupa is robust measuring about 10 mm. in length, and 5
mm. in width. Its color is light brown with dark brown spiracles.

The full grown larva is about 25 mm. in length, 5 mm. in diam-
eter and cylindrical in general form. The head and cervical
shield are 3 r ellowish brown in color as is also the anal shield. The
spiracles are jet black. Integument marked with a rather broad
stripe of deep pink extending along each side of the body inter-
rupted at the joints. This stripe shades to paler pink above.
Dorsal organ greenish and conspicuous. Where integumental color
is absent or pale the body fluid and internal organs give greenish
tone. In the younger stages the larvae are more distinctly pinkish
in color and lack the green tinge.

The eggs are deposited exclusively, as far as observed, on the
tips of the involucral bracts and of the leaf lobes. Of 40 specimens
of eggs 35 were found to occur singly. The exceptions consisted
of one group of three and one group of two eggs.

The larva does not eat the egg shell after emergence nor has it
been found feeding except upon the squares and bolls. Into these
parts it eats its way exhibiting feeding habits quite similar to those
of the cotton boll worm (Pleliothis obsoleta). The young larva eats
into several of the squares and finally attacks a boll and finishes
growth inside of one. No observations have been made showing
the number of bolls a single larva may destroy. The stems which
bear the damaged boll are fastened to the plant by a band of silk
apparently spun by the larva as it approaches the boll. This is
strong enough to hold the boll if the stem should become detached
as it sometimes does, but it seems probable that there is some other
purpose in this action. The entrance to the cotton boll is made
almost invariably near the base between the bracts. It is 2.25
and 3 mm. in diameter in the specimens observed.

When placed together the worms do not show cannibalistic
tendencies. Sixteen out of nineteen worms under observation
removed from the bolls which they had completely eaten out,
burrowed into the ground without hesitation. Pupal cells thinly
lined with silk were constructed at depths of from one to three
inches below the surface. The Thurberia boll worms appear to

OF WASHINGTON, VOLUME XVI, 1914

feed upon Egyptian cotton as readily as upon the wild cotton.
One worm about one-half grown on October 2 was placed in a hole
cut through the carpel of an Egyptian cotton boll and four days
later it was noted that it had consumed two cotton seeds and hav-
ing plugged up the artificial entrance hole with excrement it had
made a new hole as an exit. In two instances lame about three-
fourths grown were placed inside bracts of Egyptian cotton squares
and ate out the interior of the flower bud in each case.

A few observations indicate the general similarity of the season-
Mi history of the Thurberia boll worm with that oi the Thurberia
boll weevil. No eggs or larvae of the boll worm were found on
July 2 in Yentana Canyon although the insects were abundant
there as indicated by the large percentage of old injured bolls as
noted above. The plants at that time were far advanced in their
development as compared with other localities; squares and blooms
were abundant and a few half grown bolls were seen. On Au-
gust 25 in Stone Cabin Canyon it was estimated that 50 per cent
of the eggs of the Thurberia boll worm had already hatched. Pink
lepidopterous larvae associated with these eggs, and now known
to be the young boll worms, were found boring into the squares
of the wild cotton plant. The worms found were in no case of
greater length than 10 mm. and were therefore less than one-
half grown. On September 1 worms of full size were found in the
Ventana Canyon by Messrs. Pierce and Thornber and on October
1, Dr. O. C. Bartlett collected in the same canyon 24 boll worms
of which 18 were full grown, four about three-fourths full grown,
one about one-half grown and one about one-third grown.

After reaching full size the worms apparently remain for a con-
siderable period inside the empty boll, but as far as observed they
do not pupate there. Specimens which went into the ground and
pupated during the first ten days of October have not yet (Nov-
ember 15) emerged.

Dr. Dyar, who has examined the larvae finds that they resemble
those of Sacadodes pyralis Dyar, the pink boll worm of cotton in
Trinidad.

BLISTER MITES.

In che Santa Rita and also the Santa Catalina Mountains we
found quite commonly a blister mite of the genus Eriophyes, to be
described as new by Mr. Banks. The tiny eggs of this species are
found in clusters like raspberries on the foliage in August. The
mites are so numerous that their feeding causes the surface of the
leaf to take on a fuzzy brown appearance. In Ventana Canyon
many plants were found killed or almost so by this species which
was abundant on both sides of every leaf and on the stems and

20 PROCEEDINGS ENTOMOLOGICAL SOCIETY

squares. It is of interest to note that a mite of this genus (Erio-
phyes gossypii) attacks cotton in Montserrat, St. Vincent, and St.
Lucia of the West Indies.

LEAF GALL.

A species of Itonididse (Cecidomyiidae) is very common upon the
plants in Stone Cabin Canyon. This insect oviposits in the midribs
of the tiny leaves causing the leaves to form a sort of pocket-gall, but
not preventing the leaf from completing its growth somewhat de-
formed. Within the walls of this gall the larva feeds. We have no
I tonidid enemies of cotton in the United States but in the West
Indies, Contannia gossypii does considerable damage.

MEALY BUG.

A species of mealy bug (Pseudococcus sp.~) was found on Thur-
beria near McCleary's Ranch in Stone Cabin Canyon on August
25. Between 20 and 25 specimens in all were collected and ob-
served including two specimens of adult females. These insects
were in most instances found inside rolls of the leaves evidently
produced by the Itonidid maggots which are mentioned above.
One of the full grown female specimens confined in a box without
food gave birth to between fifteen and twenty larvse within twelve
hours. The two adults and several specimens one-half to three-
fourths grown were kept in vials and fed upon Thurberia squares
hoping to breed a sufficient supply for study. Later (after Sep-
tember 3) the insects were fed on Egyptian cotton squares at
Phrenix. In all about fifty specimens were cared for but notwith-
standing daily attention no more adults were bred and the mature
females soon died.

It is suspected that the wild cotton mealy bug is the same as
that found on Gcertnena xanthocarpa in Pima Canyon on August 23
and that the same species was found on Thurberia in Ventana
Canyon on August 31. On October 1, Mr. 0. C. Bartlett was un-
able to find any additional specimens on wild cotton in Ventana
Canyon.

The following notes were made concerning the adult specimens :
Length 5.5 mm., width 3 mm., color shining dark gray. Short
marginal ribbons of wax increasing slightly in length, posteriorly.
No conspicuous marginal spines. Newly born larvse quiescent
with wax filaments from the body of the adult among them making
a loose cottony mass.

In one vial containing an adult female and larva mass a dipter-
ous pupa appeared. This was bred out and proved to be a species
of Leucopis.

Mr. Coad was able to carry this mealy bug on cotton leaves at
Victoria for a month.

OF WASHINGTON, VOLUME XVI, 1914 21

MISCELLANEOUS INSECTS BREEDING ON THURBERIA.

A very tiny leaf miner was found quite abundantly in all of the
places where we found the plant. This species has not yet been
bred, but is quite different from the ordinary cotton leaf miner.

A new species of Bucculatrix was found feeding on the leaves of
Thurberia in all the places investigated, and at McCleary's Ranch
in Stone Cabin Canyon, this species had found the three or four
plants which had been grown there at an altitude of about 4000
feet. The tiny larva of this species spins an elongate white cor-
rugated cocoon less than | inch long. The species will be des-
cribed by Mr. Busck. Specimens of this genus have been found
on cotton in Mexico.

Another Lepidopterous larva, determined by Mr. Busck as
Dichomeris deflecta Busck, makes a fold in the leaf by means of
two or three silken threads, and feeds within this fold. It is very
active and when its hiding place is disturbed quickly slips out.
It pupates in its fold. It fed on cotton at Victoria, but Mr. Goad
could not carry it through to maturity. It is parasitized by a
species of Braconida?.

A species of Geometridse was very commonly found feeding on
the foliage of Thurberia in Stone Cabin Canyon. Geometridse are
commonly found on cotton.

One beautiful yellow and brownish Bombycine larva was found
feeding on a Thurberia plant in Stone Cabin Canyon. This was
successfully bred by Mr. Coad and determined by Dr. Dyar as
Lirimiris truncata H. S., a species new to the United States.

A species of Epheslia breeds in the bolls quite commonly. Only
one specimen has so far been carried to maturity. This was de-
termined by Dr. Dyar.

A very pretty yellow Spilochalds was bred in May from bolls
infested by the Ephestia, and is very probably a parasite of it.

Two species of Thysanoptera were found in Thurberia flowers.
Several specimens of Frankliniella insularis Franklin, (Eutln-/i>*)
determined by A. C. Morgan, were found in a flower in Stone ( 'abiu
Canyon. This species occurs in Mexico, at Brownsville, Texas,
and in Barbados.

A Ptinid, Prostephanus tnincatus Horn breeds abundantly
in the dead stalks. One Cerambycid stalk-boring larva was also
found in Stone Cabin Canyon.

A Scutellarid, Aulacostethus ni<innonitn* Say was found com-
monly feeding and breeding on dead bolls of Thurberia.

Twice in Stone Cabin Canyon a species of Eucharidae was ob-
served ovipositing in apparently healthy squares. In one instance
the sprig was gently plucked and transferred to a vial without dis-
turbing the tiny insect and both of us observed its ovipositor in-

22 PROCEEDINGS ENTOMOLOGICAL SOCIETY

serted in the square. This specimen is described as a new species
of Chalcura by Mr. Crawford.

At Victoria, Texas, Air. Goad's Thurberia plants became heav-
ly infested by Aphis gossypii,

MISCELLANEOUS VISITORS.

The majority of the miscellaneous insects visiting this plant
were present for its nectar although some were predatory.

The Hemiptera shoukl probably be included among the in-
jurious insects, but no definite records of feeding were obtained
against those not already mentioned. An Aleyrodes in the winged
form was occasionally seen. Mr. Heidemann has determined the
following species taken in Stone Cabin Canyon: Lygccus bi color
H. S., L. lateralis Dall, Dendrocoris arizonensis Barber, Corizn*
punctatus Signoret, Notocyrtus sp. and Creontiades rubrinerri*
Stal. From Thurberia in Pima Canyon we obtained Lopidea
confluens Say and an Empoasca. A 7-elns renardii Stal was col-
lected in Ventana Canyon.

One small brown female Mantis, Litaneutria obscura Scudder,
and two species of grasshoppers, Barytettix neomexicana Scudder,
and a Schistocerca found only in nymphal stages, were taken in
Stone Cabin Canyon, and the Barytettix was also on the plant in
the Santa Catalina Mountains. These insects were determined
by Mr. Caudel).

The following beetles determined by Mr. Schwarz were collected
on Thurberia at Fish Creek, Scymnus ardelio Horn, two species
of Attains, one of them new, Petalium bistriatum Say and Lcn/n
balteata Le Conte. In Stone Cabin Canyon we took Scymnus
ardelio Horn, Hippodamia convergens Guerin, Thalassa montezuum
Mulsant, Cryptorhopalum pumilum Casey, Chauliognathus .pro-
fundus Le Conte, and C. obscurus Schseffer, E-noderux abruptus
Le Conte, a species of Hydnocera, Hymenorus rotundicoUis Casey,
and Epitragus fusiformis Casey. This last mentioned species and
the Chauliognathus profundus were very common on many plants.

Three species of Bruchus were found at the nectar in Stone
Cabin Canyon, Briichis impiger Horn, B. amicus Horn and B. chiri-
cahuce Fall. In Pima Canyon Bruchus crcnatnx Schseffer was
collected.

Among the visitors at the nectar in Stone Cabin Canyon were
three species of weevils, Cyphus lautus Le Conte, Coleoceni* d/s/xir
Horn and Lcemosaccus texanus Schteffer.

The Hymenoptera were abundant visitors at the nectaries and
pollen. The bees have been determined by Alessrs. Cockerell and
Crawford, the ants by Dr. W. M. Wheeler, the wasps by Mr.
Rohwer.

OP WASHINGTON, VOLU.MK \VI, 1014 2M

The ants were constant visitors on the plants. The following-
species were taken; Myrmecocystus inclliycr Forel, suhsp. orbicep*
Wheeler, Formica rufibarbis Fabricius var. (/mm/ Buckley, Cremas-
togaster opaca Mayr var., Camponotus bnicxi Wheeler, ('uniponotux
fallax Nylander var., Camponotus mina Forel. subsp. zuni \Vheeler
var., and two species of Pheidolc.

Among the bees were Mdissodes cominnin* < !resso;n ;ind /V/v///,/
mentzeliarum Ckll. and a new species in each of these g.-nera. and
Halictus mesillensis Ckll. Professor Cockerell's notes follow this
paper.

Mr. Crawford has determined the chalcids a.nd finds seven spe-
cies probably all undescribed. Two of these he presents in an
accompanying paper. The yellow Spilockalcis and the
have already been mentioned. A beautiful black
was also taken in Stone Cabin Canyon, and in this same locality
was found a species of Habrocytus. In Fish ( 'reek ( 'anyon \ve found
a' new species of Perilampus, a Conura, and a new species of
Rileya, described in the accompanying paper.

Mr. Rohwer has determined the wasps to be a new species of
Tiphia, two species of Paratyphia, and has also determined a
Braconid of the genus Monogonogastra. A s])ecimen of Poli^d .-
belli cosus Cresson was taken at nectar and was found to be para-
sitized by a Xenos.

Outside of two notices of the boll weevil on Tliiirhrrifi 1 this i<
the first paper in which any insects are recorded from the plant.
It is therefore of interest to note that this paper mentions S:-5 differ-
ent species in 8 orders of Insecta and one of Acarina. The species
are distributed as follows, Acarina 1, Hemiptera 14, Orthoptera
3, Thysanoptera 2, Lepidoptera 7, Coleoptera 24, Hymenopiera
29, Dipt era 2, and Strepisptera 1.

These insects may be classed as injurious 25, nectar visiting
40, parasitic 12, and predaceous 6, in their purposes of visiting
the plant.

STUDIES OF THE ARIZONA THURBERIA WEEVIL
ON COTTON IN TEXAS.

BY B. R. GOAD AND W, D. PIERCE, Bureau of Entomology.

In order to establish the taxonomic status of the weevil breeding
in Arizona in the*squares and bolls of Thurberia thespcswidc* a
number of studies have been undertaken. In connection with
these studies individuals of both sexes of the Arizona and Texas

1 Cook, 1913, Science, February, 1913.

Pierce, 1913, The occurrence of cotton boll \\ccvil in An/mm, Journ.
Research, i, no. 2, pp. 89-96, pi. vi.

24 PROCEEDINGS ENTOMOLOGICAL SOCIETY

varieties were taken to Stockholm, Sweden, by Mr. A. N. Caudell,
and compared with the type of Anthonomus grandis. 'On account
of Mr. Caudell's careful comparison the usual form of this species,
known as the Mexican cotton boll weevil, must be known as Antho-
nomus grandis grandis Boheman and the Arizona wild cotton,
or Thurberia weevil, as Anthonomus grandis thurberice Pierce. 1

The experiments described in this paper have been carried out
along several different lines. The principal results have been the
ascertaining of the ability of the two varieties to interbreed and
produce fertile offspring, and the working out of the developmental
period for certain seasons of the year.

The first weevils were obtained from the Santa Rita Mountains,
Arizona, in May, 1913, and were extracted from their cells in the
Thurberia bolls, at WashiDgton about May 15, and then shipped
with fresh Hibiscus foliage to Victoria, Tex., where they were re-
ceived May 20'. A second sending was received from the same
locality in Arizona about September 1.

The weevils extracted in May were divided into three lots, the
first being male and female thurberice, the second thurberice females
placed with grandis males, the third grandis females placed with
thurberice males.

Three pairs of typical thurberice were placed on cotton but they
did not take readily to the new food plant. Only eight eggs were
deposited and these by a single pair. From the eight eggs
just two weevils matured. The period of development was 19
days, identical with that for typical grandis at that season. In
83 weevil-feeding days, 60 feeding punctures were made, or 0.7
per day with 3 the maximum. In 30 weevil-oviposition days,
only 8 eggs were laid, or 0.2 per day.

Inasmuch as the thurberice individuals received in May were
together, there was a possibility of fertilization. They had just
been extracted from their hibernation cells and had not fed when
received at Victoria. In the experiment with female thurberice
and male grandis no eggs were laid by either female until June 2,
12 days after being placed with the grandis males. Copulation
was observed in one pair on the second day of the experiment.
Each pair was actually observed in copula ^hree times and the
actual number of copulations was probably considerably greater.
In 161 weevil-feeding days, 461 feeding punctures were made,
with the average per individual 2.8 per day. In 64 weevil-ovi-
position days 245 eggs were laid, wiuh an average of 3.8 per day
and a maximum of 10. Eggs were obtained from June 2 to July
3 from these two females. The offspring were bred from June 26

1 Journ. Agric. Research, vol. i, no. 2, November, 1913.

OF WASHINGTON, VOLUME XVI, 1914 2~>

to July 16. The average period of development to maturity ranged
from 16 days from eggs laid June 6 to 12.4 days from eggs laid
June 26. The offspring numbered 20 males and 20 female-.

In the third series the males of thurberice were placed with hi-
bernated females of grandis collected in the field. These females
were already fertile as they began oviposition almost immediately.
In 200 weevil-feeding days, 454 feeding punctures were made,'
with the average per individual 2.2 per day. In 94 weevil-oviposi-
tion days 717 eggs were laid with the average 7.6 eggs per day
and a maximum of 16. Eggs were obtained from May 22 to July
7. The offspring were bred from June to July 20. The average
period of development to maturity ranged from 20 days for eggs
laid May 28 to 12 days for eggs laid June 6. The offspring
numbered 137 females and 145 males.

The weevils with the female thurberice strain in the second
series averaged day for day a fraction of a day shorter develop-
mental period than the offspring of the female grandis which may
have had a male thurberice strain in the latter part of the experi-
ment.

The offspring of the male grandis, female thurberice breedings
were interbred. In 22 weevil-oviposition days 179 eggs were laid,
with an average of 8.4 per day and a maximum of 15. Eggs were
obtained from July 2 to 17 and the offspring were bred from July
16 to 28. The average period of development to maturity ranged
from 15 days for eggs laid July 3, to 11 days for eggs laid July 15.
The offspring numbered 12 females and 20 males.

The offspring of the male thurberice, female grandis breedings
were interbred. In 72 weevil-oviposition days, 253 eggs were
laid, with an average of 3.5 per day and a maximum of 15. Eggs
were obtained from June 24 to July 11 and the offspring were bred
from July 7 to 22. The average period of development to maturity
ranged from 11 to 18 days. The offspring numbered 32 females
and 25 males.

A comparison of average development dating from 5 day ovi-
position periods is available in five combinations for July 1 to
5. The offspring of native grcniil/s took 1^.1 days; of female
grandis by male thurberice 12.4 days; and of the male and female
offspring of the female grandis, male thurberice combination 14.0
days; of female thurberice by male grandis 12.6 days; and of the male
and female offspring of the female thurberice, male gmm/is combi-
nation 14.2 days. The accompanying table (Table I) gives t In-
complete record.

In September more material was received from Arizona. < Om-
plete studies of this material have not been made but the follcm inu
results have already been obtained (see Table II).

26

PROCEEDINGS ENTOMOLOGICAL SOCIETY

TABLE I. Summary of average development from 5-day oviposition periods.

Date of
oviposition

Developmental period from eggs deposited by

Typical
grandis

Male
thurberice
female
grandis

Male Male Male
thurberice Typical grandis grandis
female thurberias female female
grandis thurberice thurberice

May 27-31

days

15.7
15.2
14.8
14.2
14.4
12.1

days

17.6
15.8
16.0
14.9
12 .4
12.6
12 A
12.4
12.4

14.4

days

13.0
13.0
14.9
14.0

days days

19

16.0
13.8
14.5
13.4
12.4
12.6

days

14.2
14.3

13.8

June 1-5

June 6-10

June 11-15

June 16-20

June 21-25

June 26-30

July 1-5

July 6-10

July 11-15 . . .

Weighted
average .

14.4

13.6

19 13.3

14.3

TABLE II. Nummary of average development from eggs laid on same day.

Date of ovipositiou

Developmental period from eggs deposited by

Typical
grandis

September 2 16 .5

September 3 15 .6

September 4 15 .0

September 5 '. \ 18 .0

September 6

September 7 j 20.5

September 8 ! 18 .0

September 9 .' 20 .0

September 10

September 11

Average .

17.9

Typical
thurberice

16
18
17
19
16
16
17

19

17.2

Male Male

grandis \ thurberice
female female

th urberice grandis

18.5
18.6

18.5

IS

19.5
19.7

19.0

OF WASHINGTON, VOLUMK XV[, I'M I 27

Male grandis were placed with female tfun-ln'rin which were
isolated when extracted from their 1912 pupal cells in the latter
part of August. The three females thus used began oviposition
in 2, 2 and 4 days after being placed with the males on cotton
squares. During the month of September they deposited 87, 92
and 137 eggs each, with an average of 3.5 eggs per female per day.
The developmental period of the progeny determined up to Octo-
ber ] averaged 18.5 days for 4 males and 3 females, all unusually
small.

Male thurberite were placed with known infertile female f//v/m//.<
and these deposited, during September, 7 ( .) and 25 eggs each, with
an average of 1.9 eggs per female per day. The development;;!
period of the progeny determined to October 1 averaged 19 days
for 5 females and 5 males.

Typical thurberiie pairs were placed on cotton squares and bolls.
The development in bolls has not yet been determined but is suc-
cessful. On squares the females deposited during September, 71.
71, 90 and 171 eggs each, with an average of 4.5 eggs per female
per day, which was better than the average in either cross.
The developmental period of the progeny determined to October
1 averaged 17.2 days for 7 females and 12 males.

In discussing the two preceding papers Mr. Hunter referred
to the biological and possible economic importance of the obser-
vations that had been made.

It has been known for a long time that the principal barrier the
cotton boll weevil encounters in the United States is dryness of
climate. This has prevented the invasion of important cotton
producing areas in western Texas. The Arizona weevil has evi-
dently acquired an ability to withstand such conditions. This
is a strong indication of the plasticity of the species. Another in-
dication of this is the fact that the Arizona weevils adapted them-
selves perfectly to the conditions of the humid country at Victoria,
Texas, as soon as they were transported to that place, and is fur-
ther evidenced by the ready change from Thurberia to cotton when
transported to a new region.

The ability of the Arizona weevil to maintain itself in the face
of extremely arid conditions shows its possible great economic
importance. If it should by accident, or otherwise, be establish-
ed in the arid country of western Texas it would probably main-
tain itself. If this should happen there would be a continuou-

28 PROCEEDINGS ENTOMOLOGICAL SOCIETY

infestation of the cotton belt by weevils from the extreme west
to the east. In this way the production in western Texas which
has been generally considered to be sufficient to offset any great
reduction of the crop in the eastern part of the belt on account of
the ravages of the weevil could not be depended upon. This con-
sideration is of special importance on account of the fact that pro-
duction in the western part of the belt has been considered suffi-
cient to enable the United States to continue its supremacy in
cotton production regardless of an extensive falling off in produc-
tion elsewhere.

-Dr. Hopkins stated that the fact that the two forms inter-
breed in confinement is not sufficient evidence that they are the
same species. If they are the same, they should be included under
the name grandis; otherwise the Arizona form should be designated
as a species under a new name.

He entered a protest against trinomials for so called varieties
and sub-species, arguing that if a form can be readily recognized
it should be considered a species as long as it can be so distinguish-
ed. If it should enter the range of an allied species from which it
cannot be readily separated, the prior name should be applied to
both.

It seemed to him that if the Arizona form becomes established
in the grandis area and inter-breeds in nature, they should both,
including varieties, come under the name grandis, but as long as
the Arizona form is restricted to its present known area, it should
be recognized as a good species under the name thurberice.

Dr. Howard referred to the observations mentioned by Mr.
Pierce, of the oviposition of Chalcura in the flowers of Thurberia.
The only Eucharid whose life history is known is a parasite of ants ;
hence, the oviposition of Chalcura in the flowers of wild cotton is
a puzzle. Inasmuch, however, as Orasema has been shown by
Wheeler to have a hypermetamorphosis, and as Perilampus of an
allied family has been shown by Harry Smith also to undergo a
hypermetamorphosis, the speaker suggested that in all probability
Chalcura may eventually be shown to have an active larva of the
first stage which will be capable of attaching itself to bees frequent-
ing the wild cotton flowers and thus be carried to their nests where
it will attack their larva?.

OF WASHINGTON, VOLUME XVI, 1914 29

Mr. Hood stated that the thrips taken by Mr. Pierce on T/n/r-
beria should be known as Frankliniella insularis (Franklin), and that
the genus Euthrips Targioni-Tozzetti, in which it had been placed,
is used by the best workers in the stead of Anaphothri i>* \ "/el. In
addition to the localities mentioned, Fraiildiniflld insularis ha-
been recorded in the literature from Brownsville, Texas (Russell,
Proc. Ent. Soc. Wash., vol. xiv, p. 128; 1912); Monterey, Mexico;
and Miraflores, Canal Zone, Panama (Hood, Psyche, vol. xx, p. 119,
1913). It has also been taken at Georgetown, British Guiana, by
Messrs. G. E. Bodkin and L. D. Cleare, and has been found by Mr.
Alex. Wetmore in the stomach of a Green Mango Humming Bird
(Anthracothorax viridis), taken at Utuado, Porto Rico (Biological
Survey, No. 105072).

TWO NEW PARASITIC HYMENOPTERA FROM ARIZONA.

BY J. C. CRAWFORD, U. S. National Museum.

Rileya piercei n. sp.

Male. Length about 2 mm. Black, with the femora except tips black and
a broad annulus on hind tibiae, brown ; sculpture about as in R. cecidomyicc
but the second abdominal segment occupying most of abdomen. In ceci-
domyicB the first and second are short and the third and fourth are almost
subequal in length.

Described from one specimen collectedonThwb<r/(ithespesioi(l<'.<,
August 19, 1913, at Fish Creek, Arizona, by Mr. W. D. Pierce,
after whom the species is named.

Type: Cat, No. 16701, U. S. N. M.

Chalcura arizonensis n. sp.

Female. Length about 3 mm. Black, with the sculpture about as in
C. gibbosa Prov. but the dentation on the second joint of the funicle as long
as on the first; pedicel concolorous with the funicle instead of lijiht ; t lie trans-
verse ruga? at the inner edge of the lateral lobes of mesoscutum extending
on to the shiny disks and these rugse not so greatly elevated as in i/ihbosa.

Described from one specimen collected by Mr. \V. D. Pierce in
Stone Cabin Canyon, Santa Rita Mountains, Arizona, August 25,
1913, and with the additional record "ovipositing in bud of 7'/////-
beria thespesioides."

Type: Cat. No. 16702 U. S. N. M.

30 PROCEEDINGS ENTOMOLOGICAL SOCIETY

TWO MICROLEPIDOPTERA ON THURBERIA THESPESIOIDES.

BY AUGUST BUSCK, Bureau of Entomology.

Dichomeris deflecta Busck, Proc. Ent. Soc. Wash., vol. xi, p. 91, 1909.

This peculiar species was described from a single specimen from
Arizona. The very long, porrected, compressed palpi with the
short, deflected terminal joint are unlike those of any other species
in the genus, but this is a difference of degree rather than of kind.
The species is otherwise typical of the genus Dichomeris and is
properly included therein.

The larva is a leaf-folder on Thurberia thespesioides and was bred
by Mr. W. D. Pierce, at Santa Catalina Mountains, Arizona.
The imago issued August 24, 1913. The following is a descrip-
tion of the larva.

Head and first thoracic segment dark reddish brown; eyes and mouth
parts black; anal plate large, black, with long black bristles. Remainder of
the body white, with four straight, longitudinal rows of large, round, black
tubercles, two dorsal and two lateral. There are two such tubercles on each
segment in each row, and on account of their size, they are nearly confluent
longitudinally. Between these rows of tubercles run a central and two
lateral, thin, purplish, longitudinal lines. Below the lateral rows of tu-
bercles each abdominal segment has two more, smaller, oval, brown tuber-
cles, set obliquely. Each tubercle bears a single long, light colored hair.
Thoracic feet black, prolegs white, each with an anterior and a posterior
row of long brown hooks.

Bucculatrix thurberiella n. sp.

Face tuft, head and thorax white. Antennae white with dark fuscous
annulations. Forewings white; extreme costal edge blackish; an outward-
ly black streak beyond the middle of costa is continued as a very fine, easily
lost line across the wing to a group of black scales below apex, where the cilia
is also dotted with black ; a few easily lost black scales on basal third of dor-
sum and a group of black scales on the middle of dorsum is followed by scat-
tered light brown scales. The apical part of the wing above the oblique
costal streak is dusted with brown and black scales. Cilia ochreous white.
Hind wing and cilia ochreous white. Legs white on the inner side, black
exteriorly; tarsi black with narrow white annulations. Alar expanse:
7 to 8 mm.

Habitat: Santa Catalina Mountains, Arizona.
Type: No. 16699, U. S. N. M.

Bred by Mr. Pierce from Thurberia thespesioides, in August and
September.

The larva is dirty white, rough skinned, with prominent, white

OF WASHINGTON, VOLUME XVI, 1914 31

tubercles and with two dorsal rows of black dots, one on each seg-
ment. Head light ochreous with black eye spots and reddish
brown mouth parts.

Cocoon ribbed, typical of the genus, pearly white, length 8-9 mm.

BEES VISITING THURBERIA.

BY T. D. A. COCKERELL.

In August, 1913, Mr. W. D. Pierce collected bees from the
flowers of Thurberia thespesioides Gray, in Stone Cabin Canyon,
Santa Rita Mountains, Arizona. This plant, given in the Synop-
tical Flora as a synonym of Ingenhouzia triloba D. C., is so near to
GoNxi/])ium that it was once described under that generic name.
On this account any insects frequenting it are of more than ordi-
nary interest. The bees collected are as follows:

Melissodes thurberiae n. sp.

Female. Closely allied to and resembling .17. //////;//// (All., to which
it runs in my table in Trans. Amer. Ent. Society, 1906. It differs from
thelypodii by the pale hair of thorax above (which agrees in character and ar-
rangement with that of M. martini, except that there is no black hair) ; tin
wings darker and redder; the tegulse piceous, with the posterior margin
broadly ferruginous; scutellum with a slight median longitudinal ridge.

The disc of mesothorax has considerably smaller and closer punctnn'-
than M. martini Ckll., and they run principally in transverse lines.
The same characters, and the dark teguhr, readily distinguish it from .17.
hitei Ckll.. Although the hair of thorax above is creamy white, then- i-
a little orange tuft on base of wings. White hair appears at extreme sides
of fifth abdominal segment, whereas in .17. hitci the hair in this place is
black. Head very broad; vertex in type with only one dark hair. Length
of anterior wing 11| mm.

Type: Cat, No. 16845, U. S. N. M.. Collected OH August 26.

Melissodes communis Cresson.

Female. Differs from a cotype by smaller si/.e, and darker stigma and
nervures. The single specimen is in bad condition; probably a series, well
preserved, would indicate a distinct subspecies. Collected August !'.">.

Perdita mentzeliarum Ckll.

I cannot distinguish these from the variable species P.mentee-
liarum, which usually visits Xuttulln \ M, ///:> lia Aucit. I. Perhaps
they are strays from adjacent Xnttnlin flowers. Two female
specimens August 27.

32 PEOCEEDINGS ENTOMOLOGICAL SOCIETY

Perdita punctifera n. sp.

Female. Runs in my table in Proc. Phila. Acad., 1896, to P. mentzelice
Ckll., to which it is nearly related, differing by the white lateral face marks
being longer, and sharply pointed above, though notched on inner side
(they are like those of P. pallidior Ckll.); the clypeus with a small white
spot, more or less distinctly triangular, on its upper margin; the light color
of the antennae creamy-white instead of yellow. From P. pallidior it is
easily known by the heavily banded abdomen and largely darkened legs,
both characters being as in mentzelice.

Type: Cat. No. 16844, U. S. N. M. Three specimens collected
on August 27.

Certainly this insect is very close to P. mentzelice, and from its
combination of characters one might suppose it to be a hybrid,
mentzelice X pallidior, were those species present. Further in-
vestigation of the series of species to which this belongs will, I
believe, elicit some facts of great interest. The differential char-
acters may behave in a Mendelian manner in hybrids, and some of
the apparently distinct species may represent the results of earlier
crosses.

The Thurberia bees certainly do not show any great degree of
modification or specialization. The impression gained is that
Thurberia may have entered the region within comparatively
recent times, its bee-fauna being apparently in the earliest stages
of differentiation. It is singular that we do not find the bees
which habitually occur on other Malvaceae in the southwest.

-In connection with the papers on the Thurberia weevil Mr.
Barber spoke of two of his breeding experiments and has fur-
nished the following abstract of his remarks.

ON INTERSPECIFIC MATING IN PHENGODES AND

INBREEDING IN EROS.

(COLEOPTERA.)

BY HERBERT S. BARBER, Bureau of Entomology.

The results of an experiment started in 1912 show some contrast
to the results of Messrs. Goad and Pierce in interbreeding the Thur-
beria and Cotton Boll Weevils, but the writer does not believe
that the mere interbreeding of forms proves their specific identity.
A few females of a species of Phengodes were received through Mr.
Charles Schaeffer from Long Island, and there being no males of the
same species at hand were confined with males of our local species
P. laticollis. The two species appear to live in different types of

OF \VASIII.\<;T<>\, VOLC.MI: \\i, ion

country, and to be easily distinguished in the male, female and
larval stages. Several males were confined, one after the other,
with each female. Usually, when a male Uid'collix is introduced
into a jar with a female of its own species, matin"- occurs very quick-
ly, but with the females of this other species most of the male.-
failed to recognize the female, and only in a few instances dis-
played sexual excitement, which was of short duration except in
two cases. One of these males attempted copulation a few times
without success, while the other succeeded after many fruitle
attempts, but displayed great difficulty in disengaging himself
afterward. This female that had been fertilized laid eggs in due
time. The other was restless and abnormal in actions, but laid
three infertile eggs, and finally died. All the other females died
without laying eggs. Of the 48 eggs laid by the fertilized female,
many were infertile. In others the embryo developed but failed
to issue, and only ten larvae hatched. Of these most were very
badly deformed and unable to feed. Two of them, however,
fed and have lived fifteen months in confinement. They display
the specific characters of the male parent. It appears from tin-
above that in addition to the isolation of the two species by habit al
the species are separated by (l).lack of sexual attraction, (2)
mechanical difficulty in copulation, and (3) in some manner the
fertilization is faulty and results in gross abnormalities. The writer
believes that these two forms are very distinct species, but that
chance migration of the males may. very rarely, result in interspe-
cific unions, with a slight chance of the survival of hybrid offspring
which would naturally be reabsorbed in the local specie-; it' ii should
prove to be fertile.

The question of sexual attraction even within a single specie
is in itself a very interesting and important question. We are.
of course, utterly unable to detect the difference in odors or other
factors by which one sex recognizes the opposite sex of its own
kind, and is stimulted to sexual excitement while with another
species the stimulus may be absent or repulsive. Some groups are
sexually mature as soon as they have hardened after issuance from
the pupa, and mate with their own brothers or sisters, but most
appear to have some obstacle (hat prevents breeding. The first
group are usually somewhat degraded and are inclined to form
numerous local races or color forms. An example of this group
is /-;/v>x hnnn-rnlix of which the following brief observation is sig-
nificant :

From a colony of larva' found last spring (1913) in a rotten syca-
more log, the individuals were isolated in plaster cells where they
pupated and matured. The adults showed no desire for migra-
tion but lay quiet in the cells. A male was introduced into a cell

34 PEOCEEDINGS ENTOMOLOGICAL SOCIETY

with a female and immediately mated. Next day he was placed
with another female and immediately mated. Both females de-
posited eggs, and the young began feeding in the wood, but the fe-
male parents at no time displayed a desire for a migration flight.
It is believed the colony was originally from a single set of eggs
and that more than two generations would have been passed
within the log in nature.

In the second group the "provisions" against, or obstacles to in-
breeding assume varied forms. Usually the ratio chance of unions
between brothers and sisters to unions between unrelated individ-
uals, is so low that the offspring would be quickly reabsorbecl
into the normal form, but the details of habit that control this low
percentage may be varied. Chief of these is the instinct for mi-
gration, which appears to precede sexual maturity in many social
insects, but there appears to be also a remarkable difference in
time of development of the opposite sexes among the progeny of
a single parent of some species. The writer believes from prelimi-
nary experiments, that in Phengodes the males develop after two
years in the larval stage, while their sisters must spend three or
more years as larvaB. In this genus the males are strong migrants
while the females must lay their eggs where they have transformed.
The writer has shown that in Micromalthus the males issue about
two weeks after their sisters are out, but subsequent observations
indicate that males issue abnormally or irregularlj r at times. At-
tempts to mate specimens from different colonies in the breeding
cells all failed, and as both males and females manifested only
a desire to migrate from the time of their issuance almost until
death, it is believed sexual maturity will develop only after such
migratory flight.

ON THE PROPER GENERIC NAMES FOR CERTAIN THYSAN-'
OPTERA OF ECONOMIC IMPORTANCE.

BY J. DOUGLAS HOOD, United States Biologiml Purvey.

The tobacco thrips, the pear thrips, and the orange thrips
species responsible in the United States for damage amounting
to many thousands of dollars every year and each the subject of
several published accounts are at present wrongly placed in the
genus Euthrips Targioni-Tozzetti by all North American workers.
The purpose of this paper is to correct the generic positions of these
and other allied species and to direct attention to several papers
which have been overlooked in America, that the proper names for
these insects may be used in the rapidly-growing economic litera-
ture.

OF WASHINGTON, VOLUME XVI, 1914 3.1

To this end the present account is divided into three parts:
first, a brief, general discussion of the nomenclature of the several
groups of species which have masqueraded under the name E nth rips ;
second, a catalogue of the American components of the genera
to which these species, in the light of our present knowledge,
actually belong; and, third, a bibliography of all papers necessary
to a proper study of these problems. To the papers by Bu.7a
(1907) and Karny (1912) I am particularly indebted for many of
the points brought out below.

Probably no other genus of Thysanoptera has presented more
difficult questions of nomenclature, nor disclosed more diver-'-
opinions regarding its proper application, than the genus !'. nth rips
Targioni-Tozzetti. It was proposed in 1881 as a substitute for
the name Thrips \vhich has been used by Haliday (1836) for a sub-
genus of Thrips Linne (1758), evidently for no better reason than
to avoid the duplication of the generic name in a subgenus. Hali-
day divided Linne's genus Thrips into the five subgenera, .\ptin<>-
tlirips, Chirothrips, Limothrips, Belothrips, and Thrift* s.s., of which
the first four were new. Targioni-Tozzetti accepted the division
of the genus into five subgenera and, except for a few slight ciuin'j
reproduced Haliday's key in Italian. The onh' important change
was the emoloyment of the subgeneric name Euthrips in the plac-
of Thrips. That he proposed Euthrips in the sense of Th /!/> s.
is shown by: (1) its derivation (from ev, true or well + 6pi\j. : _
the placing of Thrips mits synonymy in two places; (3) the fact
that he does not use the subgeneric name Thrip*: and (4) the in-
clusion in E nth rip* of the species which Haliday assigned to the
subgenus Thrips. This suppression of the subgenus 77/ ///>* is in
direct opposition to Article 9 of the International ( 'ode of Zoological
Nomenclature, which reads as follows: "If a genus is divided
into subgenera, the name of the typical subgenus must be the same
as the name of the genus." Article 31 of the Entomological < 'ode
(Banks and Caudell, 1912) is equally explicit. It is evident.
therefore, that Enthrips Targioni-Tozzetti (1881) is an absolute
synonym of the genus Thrips Linne (1758), and isogenotypic
therewith. 1 Entlirip*, therefore, c</n never l>< used as generic
name in zoology.

Karny (1912) and Buffa (1907 i. by a dii'lereut course of reason-
ing, retain E-uthrip* as a valid generic name, and use it in the place
of Anapltothrip* l'/el. According to them, the type of Enttirip*
must be chosen from one of its bhree originally included species
This contention I have shown to be at fault, for the name was
erected as a substitute for a perfectly valid older name which was

1 The type of Thrips Linne (!?.> was designated is T. /,////.-<//, i/
Westwood in 1840.

36 PROCEEDINGS ENTOMOLOGICAL SOCIETY

cited in its synonymy. Anaphothrips is thus restored in the sense
of Eulhrips, Karny (nee Targioni-Tozzetti), and its type hereby
designated as Thrips obscura Miiller ( = Thripx xtriata Osborn =
Anaphothrips virgo Uzel).

In the place of Euthrips the European workers for many years
used the name Physapus De Geer (or Physopus, as emended by
Uzel). This name was first used by De Geer in 1744, before the
appearance of Linne's Systema Natune, and is thus without stand-
ing in zoological nomenclature. In 1773 De Geer cited his earlier
paper, but accepted Linne's name Thrips (1758). Hence the name
Physopus can not date from this use by De Geer in 1773. Opin-
ion 5, rendered by the International Commission on Zoological
Nomenclature, covers this point in the following words: "A pre-
Linnaean name, ineligible because of its publication prior to 1758,
does not become eligible simply by being cited or reprinted with
its original diagnosis after 1757. To become eligible under the
Code, such names must be reinforced by adoption or acceptance
by the author publishing the reprint." A ruling to this effect i>
also incorporated in the Entomological Code. Physapus, then,
must date from its definition by Amyot and Serville in 1843, this
being its first adoption in literature subsequent to 1758. The
name is preempted, however, by Physapus Leach (1830 ? ,see Bibli-
ography), a genus of Ephemerida. Physopus, Uzel (1895), is
also unavailable, being simply an emended spelling of the older
name. Physapus, therefore, can <>l i>r uwd as a generic name in
Thysanoptera.

The literature previous to 1907 furnishes only two names that
may be used for the mutually homogeneous segregates of this old
genus Phi/x<i/)iiK ( = Euthrips, auctores, nee Targioni-Tozzetti).
These are Tceniothrips Amyot et Serville (type, Thrips primula
Haliday) and Odoniothrips Amyot et Serville (type, Thr-ipx phal-
erata Haliday), both erected in 1843

To the former of these belongs Euthrips pi/ri Daniel, the pear thrips.
It is positively congeneric with T. priniithe (Haliday), and even
under the microscope might easily be mistaken for that species.
Primula' differs from pyri principally in that the apical antennal
segments are much more slender and the anterior vein of the fore
wings is set with three spines, instead of five, in its apical half.

To Odontothrips must be assigned two North American specif <
commonly listed in Euthrips. These are Euthripx itiicix calif or-
nicus Moulton, described as a variety of Haliday 's Thripx ulici*;
and Thrips phalerala Haliday, recently recorded by Morgan (1913)
from Florida under the name Euthripx phalerala.

This disposes of three of the twenty-two species of "Eulhrip*"
recorded from North America. Of the remainder, one, ttnthrips

OK WASH i: \<;T<>.\, VOLTMH xvi, nut

citri Moulton, the orange thrips, belongs in the genus Sdrtothrips
Shull (1909). This genus \v;is compared at tlie time of its original
description with Anaphothrips l'/el, to which, however, it is not ai
all closely related. The most casual observation under high mau-
nificatlon shows the thorax of all the known species to be finely
and closely transversely striate and the abdomen lo be clothed
more or less completely with minute, hair-like, chitinous processes.
These characters ally it rather closely to Scricnthrip* Ilaliday, from
which it differs notably in the more ^parsely spinose anterior vein
of the fore wing. As in Sen'co/hrip*, the species are active jumpers,
and in life or when mounted dry have a dull, silky luster. To
Sdrtothrips, therefore, in addition to the type species rnlhwin
Shull and S. nJrcn* Hood, musl be assigned Eiitlin'px cilri Moult on
(the orange thrips), Eidhripx lonyipcnn-ix Bagnall (=Eutliripx
jxifTKN Moulton), Anaphothrips o//m.s Jones, and a sixth species
whose description by the writer will probably appear elsewhere
before the publication of the present paper.

Thirteen additional species, all but two of which were described
in Euthrrps by American authors, really belong with Franklini'i'llu
xti/losa Hood in the genus F mulct in fella Karny (1910), which wa-
erected at the instance of Franklin (1908) as a substitute for I'hi/-
sapus, Karny (nee Amyot et Serville). As the type of this genus
has never been fixed, I hereby designate Thrip* inton.^i. Try bom
( = J>hi/N<>puN vulgatissima, Uzel, nee Haliday) as the genotype.
The North American species belonging here are enumerated in
the catalogue below.

The five remaining species (Etd/irip* nllmx, E. ehrhormi, and
E. nrchit-lfi, Moulton; and E. covt'il/* and E. longirostrum, Jones
may all be placed for the present at least, in rfiiixntlirip* Karny
(1912). Only one of these, Enlhripx orclif'lii Mouhon. is in the
material before me: ii seems to be congeneric with Physothrips nhnf-
folioruni ( Haliday), the typ(> of genus.

CATALOG! K.

No attempt has been made to cite every reference to the several
species, only those being given which are of especial interest to the
taxonomist.

FKA.VKU \i KI.I. \ Karny, 1910.

ri/>x, niict.

I<'rit>ilcli.nicll<i Karny, .Mittcil. Xatunv. Ver. Univ. \Vicn. .laliri:. \lll.p.
46 (type. Tlin'itx intonxu Trylmm. = I'lti/so/m* ri/l<i<ilix*ini<i. \'/.<-\.
ncc Haliday, herein designated).

1. bispinosn (^Morgan); Knlhri/>x Iriliri v:ir. /M'X/I//M/.V/X Mm-uan. 1'roc.
I". S. Nat. Mus., vol. Id. I'.ii:!. p. 10. figs. 17 18.

38 PROCEEDINGS ENTOMOLOGICAL SOCIETY

2. cephalica (Crawford) ; Euthrips cephalicus Crawford, Pomona Coll.

Journ. Ent., vol. n, 1910, p. 153, fig. 63, A-H; Frankliniella
cephalica, Karny, Zool. Ann., vol. iv, 1912, p. 335.

3. floridense (Morgan); Euthrips floridensis Morgan, Proc. U. S. Nat.

Mus., vol. 46, 1913, p. 5, figs. 9-12.

4. fusca (Hinds); Euthrips fuscus Hinds, Proc. U. S. Nat. Mus., vol. xxvi,

1902, p. 154, pi. iv, figs. 40, 41; Euthrips nicotiance. Hinds, Proc. Biol.
Soc. Wash., vol. xvin, 1905, p. 198; Frankliniella fusca, Karny,
Zool. Ann., vol. iv, 1912, p. 335; F. nicotiancr, idem, ibidem, p. 336.

5. gossypii (Morgan); Euthrips aossypii Morgan, Proc. U. S. Nat. Mus.,

vol. 46, 1913, p. 9, figs. 19-22.

6. helianthi (Moulton) ; Euthrips helianthi Moulton, Tech. Ser. No. 21, Bur.

Ent,, U. S. Dept. Agr., 1911, p. 4.0, pi. iv, figs. 26-29; F. [rankliniella]
helianthi, Karny, Zool. Ann., vol.- iv, 1912, p. 336.

7. insularis (Franklin) ; Euthrips insularis Franklin, Proc. U. S. Nat. Mus.,

vol. xxxm, 1908, p. 715, pi. LXIII, figs. 1-3, 5-7, pi. LXV, figs. 19,
24; Euthrips insularis var. reticulata Crawford, Pomona Coll. Journ.
Ent., vol. i, 1909, p. 116 (a worthless variety); Frankliniella
insularis, Karny, Zool. Ann., vol. iv, 1912, p. 334.

8. minuta (Moulton) ; Euthrips minutus Moulton, Tech. Ser. No. 12, Pt.

in, Bur. Ent., U. S. Dept. Agr., 1907. p. 56, pi. iv, figs. 32, 33; Eu-
thrips minutus var. sef,osus Crawford, Pomona Coll. Journ., Ent.,
vol. i, 1909, p. 105, fig. 47, A-G (a worthless variety); Frankliniella
minuta, Karny, Zool. Ann., vol. iv, 1912, p. 335.

9. tritici var. moultoni, nom. nov. ; Euthrips tritici californicus Moulton,

Tech. Ser. -No. 21, Bur. Ent., U. S. Dept. Agr., 1911, p. 28; preempted 1
by Euthrips ulicis cali/ornicus Moulton, 1907, = Odontolhrips ulicis
californicus (Moulton).

10. nervosa (Uzel); Physopus nervosa Uzel, Mon. d. Ordn. Thys., 1895, p.

102; Thrips (Euthrips} maidis Beach, Proc. Iowa Acad. Sci., vol. in,
1896, p. 219; Frankliniella nervosa, Karny, Zool. Ann., vol. iv, 1912,
p. 335.

11. occidentalis (Pergande) ; Euthrips occidentalis Pergande, Ins. Life., vol.

vn, 1895, p. 392; Frankliniella occidentalis, Zool. Ann., vol. iv,
1912, p. 335.

12. runneri (Morgan); Euthrips runneri Morgan, Proc. U. S. Nat. Mus.,

vol. 46, 1913, p. 7, figs. 13-16.

1 "Specific and subspecific names are subject to the same rules and recom-
mendations, and from a nomenclatorial standpoint they are coordinate
that is, they are of the same value." (Article 11, International Code.)
Euthrips ulicis californicus and E. triciti californicus, though both originally
described as varieties, were written as trinomials, and thus brought with-
in the scope of the above rule. The Entomological Code is more sweeping,
specifying in Section 37 that, "In species, subspecies, varieties, or races,
the same name shall not be used twice in the same genus."

OF WASHINGTON, VOLUME XVI, 1014 39

13. stylosa Hood, Proc. Ent. Soc. Wash., vol. xiv, 1912, p. 134, pi. v, fie. 7.

14. tritici (Fitch); Thrips tritici Fitch, Country Gentleman, vol. vi, 1855,

p. 385, figs, a-g; Frankliniella trUici, Karny, Zool. Ann., vol. iv,
1912, p. 335.

PHYSOTHIUI-S Karny, 1912.

Thrips, Physapus, Physopus, and Euthrips, auct.

Physothrips Karny, Zool. Ann., vol. iv, 1912, p. 336 (type, Thrips ulmi-
foliorum Haliday, by designation).

1. albus (Moulton); Euthrips albus Moulton, Tech. Ser. No. 21, Bur. Ent.,

U. S. Dept. Agr., 1911, p. 39, pi. in, figs. 20-22, pi. iv, fig. 30; [Phy-
sothrips] albus, Karny, Zool. Ann., vol. iv, 1912, p. 340.

2. costalis (Jones); Euthrips costalis Jones, Tech. Ser. Xo. 23, Pt. i, Bur.

Ent., U. S. Dept. Agr., 1912, p. 13, pi. iv, figs. 1-4; [Physothrips]
costalis, Karny, Zool. Ann., vol. iv, 1912, p. 344.

3. ehrhornii (Moulton); Euthrips ehrhornii Moulton, Tech. Ser. Xo. 12,

Pt. in, Bur. Ent., U. S. Dept. Agr., 1907, p. 54, pi. in, figs. 25, 26;
Euthrips ehrhornii, Jones, Tech. Ser. No. 23, Pt. i, Bur. Ent., U. S.
Dept. Agr., 1912, p. 12 (description of male) ; Ph ;/.>( fi rips ehrhornii,
Karny, Zool. Ann., vol. iv, 1912, p. 338.

4. longirostrum (Jones); Euthrips longirostrum Jones, Tech. Ser. Xo. 23,

Pt. i, Bur. Ent., U. S. Dept. Agr., 1912, p. 12, pi. in, figs. 6-9;
Physothrips longirostrum, Karny, Zool. Ann., vol. iv, 1912, p. 344.

5. orchidii (Moulton); Euthrips orchidii Moulton, Tech. Ser. Xo. 12, Pt.

in, Bur. Ent., U. S. Dept. Agr., 1907, p. 52, pi. n, figs. 15-18; Phy-
sothrips orchidii, Karny, Zool. Ann., vol. iv, 1912, p. 339.

T^ENIOTHRIPS Amyot et Serville, 1843.

Thrips, Physapus, Physopus, and Euthrips auct.

Tceniothrips Amyot and Serville, Hist. Nat. des Ins., Hemipteres, 1843,
p. 644.

, Karny, Zool. Ann., 'vol. iv, 1912, p. 340 (type, Thrips primula
Haliday, by designation).

1. pyri (Daniel); Euthrips pyri Daniel, Ent. News, vol. xv, 1901, p. 294;
Physothrips pyri, Karny, Zool. Ann., vol. iv, 1912, p. 338.

ODOXTOTHRIPS Amyot et Serville, 1843.

Thrips, Physapus, Physopus, and /:///////>*, auct.

Odontothrips Amyot and Serville, Hist. Nat. dcs Ins., Hriniptrres, 1843
p. 642.

, Karny, Berl. Ent. Zeitschr., vol. LII, 1907, p. r> (type 7'/ir<>-
phalerata Haliday, by designation).
, Karny, Zool. Ann., vol. iv, 1912, p. 329.

40 PROCEEDINGS ENTOMOLOGICAL SOCIETY

1. phaleratus (Haliday); Thr. [ips] phalerata Haliday, Ent. Mag., vol. in,

1836, p. 447; 0. [dontothrips] phalerata, Amyot and Serville, Hist.
Nat. des Ins., Hemipteres, 1843, p. 643; Odontothrips phaleratus,
Karny, Zool. Ann., vol. iv, 1912, p. 329; Eulhrips plnilcrnta. Mor-
gan, Proe. U. S. Nat. Mus., vol. 46, 1913, p. 1, figs. 1-4.

2. ulicis californicus (Moulton); Eulhrips ulicis calif ornicu* Moulton,

Tech. Ser. No. 12, Ft. in, Bur. Ent., U. S. Dept. Agr., 1907, p.
55, pi. iii, fig. 27, pi. iv, figs. 2v-31; Odontothrips ulicis, Karny,
Zool. Ann., vol. iv, 1912, p. 329.

SCIRTOTHRIPS Shull, 1909.

Srli-lotlin'/ts Shull, Ent. Xews, vol. xx, 1909, p. 222 (type, S. ruthveni

Shull, monobasic).
Anaphothrips (pars), Jones, Tech. Ser. No. 23, Pt. i, Bur. Ent., U. S.

Dept. Agr., 1912, p. 15.

Physothrips (pars), Karny, Zool. Ann., vol. iv, 1912, p. 336.
Scirtothrips (pars), idem, ibidem.

1. albus (Jones); Anaphothrips albus Jones, Tech. Ser. No. 23, Pt. i, Bur.

Ent., U. S. Dept. Agr., 1912, p. 16, pi. iv, figs. 5-8; [Scirtnlhrips]
albus, Karny, Zool. Ann., vol. iv, 1912, p. 334.

2. cilri (Moulton), Eiiihrips cilri Moulton, Tech. Ser. No. 12, Pt. vn,

Bur. Ent., U. S. Dept. Agr., 1909, p. 121; Physothrips citri, Karny,
Zool. Ann., vol. iv, 1912, p. 339.

3. longipennis (Bagnall); Euthrips lonaipennis Bagnall, Ann. Soc. Ent.

Belg., vol. LIII, 1909, p. 173; Euthrips parims Moulton, Tech. Ser.
No. 21, Bur. Ent., U. S. Dept. Agr., 1911, p. 38, pi. iv, figs. 23-25.

4. nire us Hood, Proc. Biol. Soc. Wash., vol. xxvi, 1913, p. 161.

5. rulhveni Shull, Ent. News, vol. xx, 1909, p. 222, figs. 2-4; Anaphothn />*

ruthreni, Jones, Tech. Ser. No. 23, Pt. i, Bur. Ent., U. S. Dept.
Agr., 1912, p. 15.

BIBLIOGRAPHY.

1744 DE GEEK, CARL, Beskrifning pa en Insect af ett nytt Slagte (Genus. )
kallad Physapus, Kongl. Swenska. Wetenskaps Academiens Hand-
lingar, vol. v, pp. 1-9, Tab. 1, figs. 1-4. Original description of the
genus Physapus.

1758 VON LINNE, CARL, Systema Natuno, Regnum Animale, ed. x, p. 457.
Original description of the genus Thrips.

1773 DE GEER, CARL, Memoires pour Servir a PHistoire des Insectes,
. vol. in, pp. 1-18, pi. i, figs. 1-13. Physapus De Geer (1744) cited
as a synonym of Tlirips Linne (1758).

177(i MULLER, OTTO FRIEDRICH, Zoological Dani:i> Prodromus, sen Ani-
malium Dania? et Norvegire Indigenarum, p. 96. Original de-
scription of Anaphothrips obxcnrus.

OF WASHINGTON, VOLT.MK XVI, I'll II

1830 LEACH, WILLIAM ELFORD, Entomology. The Kdinburgh Encyclo-
pedia, vol. ix, pp. .~>7-172 (Reprint?). The name ]'lii/.ipux pro-
posed for a genus of K/i/n ///(/ i</u on page 137. Agassiz gives 1817
as the date of erection of I'ln/xti/tn*. which was copied l>y Sciidder;
Hinds gives the following reference in his bibliography, "Leach,
\V. E., Amer. ed., New Edinhurgli Encyclopaedia, vm?, 1816, p.
715"; other authors give dates ranging from 1814-1817. However,
the paper was certainly published prior to is IM. t IK- date of erection
of Phi/xtipuK Amyot et Serville.)

1836 HALIDAY, ALEXIS H., An Epitome of the British ( lenera, in the Order
Thysanoptera, with Indications of a few of the Specie-. Knl . .Mag.,
vol. in, pp. 439-451. The genus Thrips divided into five subgenera:
original descriptions of Odontolhrips nlic/x and (). />//</(< m/nx.

1840 WESTWOOD, JOHN OBADIAH, Synopsis of the Genera of British Insects,
pp. 1-158 (bound at end of vol. it of An Introduct ion to the Modern
Classification of Insects. Tlirip* /i/ii/yi/in^ L. designated as the
type of Thrips Linne.

1843 AMYOT, CHARLES JEAN BAPTISTE, and SERVILLE, JEAN GUILLATTME
ATDIXET, Hist. Nat. des Insectes. Hemipteres. pp. ( .i and 637-646.
The genus Physapus De Geer revived; Odontothrips and T/iniii-
thrips described as new.

1855 FITCH, ASA, The Wheat Thrips and Three-banded Thrips, Country
Gent., vol. vi, pp. 385-386, figs. a-g. Original description of /'////;-
/ /'// ii'lln tritici.

1881 TAKGIONI-TOZZETTI, GIOVAXXI, Fisapodi, Annalli di Agricoltura,
1881, No. 34, Parte Scientifica, pp. 120-134. Tav. 3, figs. 1 1. 1.1 a -15g.
The subgenus Eulliri/i* erected as a substitute for Thrips &.s.'

1895 PERGANDE, THEODORE, Observations on Certain Thripidir, Ins. Life,

vol. vn, pp. 390-395. Original description of A'/v; n 1:1 in iclln on-i'th H-
hilix; the name Eiilhri i> used for the first time in the place of
/'////M//M/.S-, a course later followed by Hinds.

lv i" ['/I;L, HEIXRIC'I, AIonogra])hie der Ordnung Thysanoptera, pp
1-472, pis. I-X. Phyxapiix emended to I'/n/xopux. with which is
united T<t'iti<>lhi-t i>* and ()<lonl<ilhri [>*; Tlirii>* nl-nr<i Miiller re-
described as Ati'iiiliutfiriiix ri r</d.

1896 BEACH, ALICE M., Contributions to a Knowledge of the Thripid:e of

Iowa, Proc. Iowa Acad. Sci.. vol. nr, pp. 2H 227. Following
Pergande the name /','////////>* I1S(>( ' '" <l"' sense of Plii/tii/m*: /''runic-
li/iii'lln m-ri'osa (Uzel) redesr-ribed as Tliri/ix \Knlltri [>*') inm'tlt*.
1902 HINDS, WARRKX KI.MKK, Contribution to a Monograph of the Insects
of the Order Thysanoptera Inhabiting Xorth America. I'roc. I".
S.Nat. Mus., vol. xxvi, pp. 7!> 212, pis. i \i. Following IVrg.-mdr
and Beach, the name k'n/fin'/>x is used in.stcnd of /'////.^//>//.v Amyt>t
etServille (Physopux, t'zel, emend.); original description of l-'nn/l.--
Uniellafusca;Thripx (Eiithri i>x) maidis Heach placed in the synony-
my of Physopus ncrrii.ni [ zel.

42 PROCEEDINGS ENTOMOLOGICAL SOCIETY

1904 DANIEL, S. M., New California Thysanoptera, Ent. News, vol. xv,

pp. 293-297. Original description of Tceniothrips pyri.

1905 STILES, CHARLES WARDELL, The International Code of Zoological

Nomenclature as Applied to Medicine, Bull. No. 24, Hygienic Lab-
oratory, U. S. Treasury Dept., pp. 1-50. The text of the Interna-
tional Code, adopted by the Fifth International Congress (1901,
Berlin)."

1907 MOULTON, DUDLEY, A Contribution to our Knowledge of the Thysan-
optera of California, Tech. Ser. No. 12, Pt. in, Bur. Ent., U. S.
Dept. Agr., pp. i-vi, 39-68, pis. i-vi. A description of the genus
"Euthrips" (nee Targioni-Tozzetti), with key to Californian spe-
cies; original descriptions of Frankliniella minula, Physothrips
urchidii, Ph. ehrhornii, and Odontothrips ulicis californicus.

1907 KARNY, HEINRICH, Die Orthopterenfauna des Kiistengebietes von
Osterreich-Ungarn, Berl. Ent. Zeitschr., Bd. LII, pp. 17-52, figs.
1-7 (Thysanoptera, pp. 44-52). The genus Physopus, Uzel (nee
Amyot et Serville) divided into Physapus Serville, Odontothrips
Serville, Tceniothrips Serville, Euthrips Targioni-Tozzetti, and
Pezothrips Karny.

1907 BUFFA, PIETRO, Trentuna specie di Tisanotteri italiani, Atti d. Soc.

Toscana d. Sci. Nat., Mem., vol. xxin, pp. 1-77, Tav. i, n. The
genus Euthrips discussed at length and clearly shown to have no
relation whatever to Physapus Amyot et Serville.

1908 FRANKLIN, HENRY JAMES, On a Collection of Thysanopterous In-

sects from Barbados and St. Vincent Islands, Proc. U. S. Nat. Mus.,
vol. xxxni, pp. 715-730, pis. LXIII-LXV. Original description of
.Frankliniella insularis', the name Physapus declared unavailable
for a genus of Thysanoptera.

1909 MOULTON, DUDLEY, The Orange Thrips, Tech. Ser. No. 12, Pt. vn.

Bur. Ent., U. S. Dept. Agr., pp. i-n, 119-122, pi. vm. Original des-
cription of Scirlothrips citri.

1909 SHULL, A. FRANKLIN, Some Apparently New Thysanoptera from
Michigan, Ent. News, vol. xx, pp. 220-228, figs. 1-7. Original de-
scription of Scirtothrips and of S. ruthveni.

1909 BAGNALL, RICHARD SIDDOWAY, On the Thysanoptera of the Botan-

ical Gardens, Brussels, Ann. Soc. Ent. Belg., vol. 53, pp. 171-176.
Original description of Scirtothrips longipennis.

1910 CRAWFORD, DAVID L., Thysanoptera of Mexico and the South,

II, Pomona Coll. Journ. Ent., vol. n, pp. 153-170, figs. 63-70. Orig-
inal description of Frankliniella ci'/j/i.nlii-a and of its worthless
"variety" reliculata.

1910-1913 Opinions [1-56] Rendered by the International Commission on
Zoological Nomenclature, Smithsonian Institution, Washington,
D. C., Publications 1938 (July, 1910), 1989 (October, 1910), 2013
(July, 1911), 2060 (February, 1912), and 2169 (May, 1913).

OF WASHINGTON, VOLUME XVI, 1914 43

1910 KARNY, HEINRICH, Neue Thysanopteren der Wiener Gegend, Mit-

teil. d. Naturw. Ver. an. d. Univ. Wien, vm Jahrg.. pp. 41-57,
Taf. v. Original description of the genus Frankliniella.

1911 MOULTON, DUDLEY, Synopsis, Catalogue, and Bibliography of North

American Thysanoptera, with Descriptions of New Species, Tech.
Ser. No. 21, Bur. Ent., U. S. Dept. Agr., pp. 1-56. pis. i-vi. Key to
North American species of "Euthrips" (nee Targioni-Tozzetti) ;
Scirtothrips longipennis redescribed as Euthrips parvus; original
descriptions of Frankliniella helianthi and of Physothrips albus.
The following names are omitted from the list of North American
species:

1. Genus Ctenothrips Franklin.

2. Ctenothrips bridwelli Franklin.

3. Anaphothrips seclicornis (Trybom).

4. Anaphothrips longipennis Crawford.

5. Thrips lactucce Beach.

6. Thrips trifasciatus Ashmead.

7. Phloeothrips caryce Fitch.

8. Phlceothrips mali Fitch.

1911 TRYBOM, FILIP, Physapoden aus Agypten und dem Sudan, Results

of the Swedish Zool. Exped. to Egypt and the White Nile, 1901,
No. 19, pp. 1-16, Taf. i. Physapus declared a valid genus name in
Thysanoptera.

1912 JOXES, PAUL ROBERT, Some New California and Georgia Thysanop-

tera, Tech. Ser. No 23, Ft. i, Bur. Ent., U. S. Dept. Agr., pp. i-vi,
1-24, pis. i-vn. Key to North American species of ^
(nee Targioni-Tozzetti); Scirtothrips sunk as a synonym of
phothrips; Physothrips costalis, Ph. longirostrum, and Sciriothrips
albus described as new.

1912 KARNY, HEIXRICH, Revision der von Serville aufgestellten Thysan-
opteren-Genera, Zool. Ann., vol. iv, pp. 322-344 The genus
thysothrips erected; Euthrips used for the first time in the sense
of Anaptinthrips Uzel; an excellent synopsis of the known species of
the various genera.

1912 BANKS, NATHAN, AND CAUDELL, ANDREW Nr-:i>o\, The Kntomo-
logical Code, a Code of Nomenclature for* Use in Entomology,
Washington, D. C., May, 1912 (published privately). A very com-
prehensive code of nomenclature, distributed free by the authors.

1912 HOOD, JOSEPH DOUGLAS, Descriptions of New North American

Thysanoptera, Proc. Ent. Soc. Wash., vol. xiv, pp. 129-160, pis. iv-
vni. Original description of FranL-l/nicl/n stylosa.

1913 HOOD, JOSEPH DOUGLAS-, Nine New Thysanoptera from the United

States, Proc. Biol. Soc. Wash., vol. xxvi, pp. 161-166. Original
description of Scirtothrips niieus.

44 PROCEEDINGS ENTOMOLOGICAL SOCIETY

1913 MORGAN, ALFRED COOKMAN, New Genera and Species of Thysanop-
tera, with Notes on Distribution and Food Plants, Proc. U. S. Nat.
Mus., vol. 46, pp. 1-55, figs. 1-79. Odontothrips phaleratus (Haliday)
recorded for the first time from North America; original descrip-
tions of Frankliniella bispinosa (Morgan), F. floridense (Morgan),
F. yossypii (Morgan), and F. runneri (Morgan), all of which were
assigned to Euthrips.

A NEW MITE FROM THURBERIA.

BY NATHAN BANKS, Bureau of Entomology.
Eriophyes thurberiae n.sp.

Body but little more than three times as long as broad, tapering but
little behind; the cephalic plate rather narrow in front, with lines, and
two rather long dorsal setse. Abdomen with about fifty rings, plainly
punctured; first ventral setae fully as long as width of body, second pair
not noticeable, third pair not as long as width of body, caudal setae
heavier, as long as twice width of body. Legs very short, hardly as long
as one-half of width of body, last joint (fifth) nearly as long as preceding
joint, but very much more slender, third joint about as long as fourth
and fully as thick. Length, 140 /j..

Inhabits much-folded gall on leaves of Thurberia thespesioides,
near Tucson, Arizona (Pierce coll.).

ACKNOWLEDGMENT.

The Entomological Society of Washington is indebted to
Entomological News through Dr. P. P. Calvert for the use of the
plate from which the frontispiece of this number is printed.

Actual date of publication March 3, 1914.

ANNOUNCEMENT

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ing to the Corresponding Secretary of the Entomological Society,
U. S. National Museum, Washington, D. C. No receipt will be
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OF SPECIAL INTEREST

DYAB, H. G. The Life Histories of the New York Slug
Caterpillars. Journ. New York Ent. Soc., 1895-
1899. (Complete) $1.50

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ridae. Psyche, 1899-1905, 63 parts (part 20
missing) $ .75

EDWARDS, H. Bibliographical Catalog of the Described
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1889 $1.00

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(May be had separately.) Set $2.25

TABLE OF CONTENTS FOR THIS NUMBER

SCHWARZ, E. A., O. HEIDEMANN AND N. BANKS: Biography of Philip
Reese Uhler. 1

COCKERELL, T. D. A.: Coleoptera at the British Museum, Bloo.msburg 8
WALTON, W. R. : A new Tachinid parasite of Diabrotica vittata 11

PIERCE, W. D; AND A. W. MORRILL: Notes on the Entomology of the
Arizona wild cotton 14

GOAD, B. R. AND W. D. PIERCE: Studies of the Arizona Thurberia
weevil on cotton in Texas. 23

CRAWFORD, J. C. : The new parasitic Hymenoptera from Arizona. ... 29
BUSCK, AUGUST: Two Microlepidoptera on Thurberia ihespesioides . . . 30
COCKERELL, T. D. A. : Bees visiting Thurberia. , 31

BARBER, H. S. : On interspecific mating in Phengodes and inbreeding
in Eros. 32

HOOD, J. DOUGLAS: On the proper generic names for certain Thys-
anoptera of economic importance. 34

PROCEEDINGS

OF THE

ENTOMOLOGICAL SOCIETY

OF

WASHINGTON

VOLUME XVI, No. 2
JUNE, 1914,

JUKitt 1914

PUBLISHED QUARTERLY BY THE So< irrv
OFFICP] OF PUBLICATION
J4 19-21 GHEE AMOUNT \

BALTIMOHK, MD.

EDITORIAL OFFK

\\ .\>sni \C.TO\, n. c.

Knlcrcil ns Bpr.oni-PlaS8 matter at tho i^.stoffiop at Baltimore, M.I., Fot.ruary 2R, 1913,

uiuliT the Act of August, 24, IM12

THE

ENTOMOLOGICAL SOCIETY

OF WASHINGTON

ORGANIZED MARCH 12, 1884.

The regular meetings of the Society are held on the first Thursday of
each month, from October to June inclusive, at 8 P. M.

Annual dues of active members, $3.00; of corresponding members $2.00;
initiation fee (for active members only), $1.00.

OFFICERS FOR THE YEAR 1914.

President W. D. HUNTER

First Vice-President A. N. CAUDELL

Second Vice-President. . E. R. SASSCER

Recording Secretary W. B. WOOD

Corresponding Secretary-Treasurer .S. A. ROHWER

U. S. National Museum, Washington, D. C.

Editor .W. D. HUNTER

Representing the Society as a Vice-President of the

Washington Academy of Sciences A. L. QUAINTANCE

Executive Committee.

THE OFFICERS.
AUGUST BUSCK. E. A. SCHWARZ. L. O. HOWARD.

PROCEEDINGS

ENTOMOLOGICAL SOCIETY OF WASHINGTON.

Published quarterly by the Society at Baltimore, Md., and Wash-
ington, D. C. Terms of subscription: Domestic, $2.00 per annum;
foreign, $2.25 per annum; single numbers, 50 cents, foreign postage
extra. Remittances should be made payable to the Entomological
Society of Washington.

Authors of leading articles in the PROCEEDINGS will be entitled to 25
separates of each contribution, free of charge. Additional copies may be
had at 50 per cent more than cost by notifying the Editor before the final
page proof is returned to the printer.

JUN16 1914
PROCEEDINGS

OF THE

ENTOMOLOGICAL SOCIETY

OF. WASHINGTON
VOL. XVI 1914 ~2

Two HUNDRED AND SEVENTY-SECOND MEETING,
DECEMBER 4, 1913.

The following officers were elected for the year 1914: President,
W. D. Hunter; First Vice-President, A. N. Caudell; Second Vice-
President, E. R. Sasscer; Recording Secretary, W. B. Wood;
Secretary-Treasurer, S. A. Rohwer; Editor, W. D. Hunter;
additional members of Executive Committee, E. A. Schwarz,
L. 0. Howard, and August Busck. Prof. A. L. Quaintance was
nominated to represent the Society at the Washington Academy
of Sciences.

Mr. Henry Try on, Government Entomologist of Queensland,
and Dr. T. Harvey Johnston, of the University of Melbourne,
addressed the Society. These gentlemen constitute a commission
which has been sent abroad by the government of Australia to
study the possibility of controlling the cacti of Australia. Among
other possibilities that are being considered is the introduction
of destructive cactus insects from the United States. The speaker-;
referred to their special interest in the investigation in this count i y
on account of the studies of cactus insects which have been con-
ducted. The importance of the cactus problem in Australia was
graphically described, and hope was expressed that the inve.-ti-
gation would reveal biological factors that might assist in control.

Doctor Martini, of the Hamburg School of Tropical Medicine,
also addressed the Society with reference to his studies in the
United States, and his recent trip to the Canal Zone.

15

46 PROCEEDINGS ENTOMOLOGICAL SOCIETY

Mr. A. H. Jennings gave an account of his recent extensive
trip in the British West Indies in company with Doctor Sambon,
of the London School of Tropical Medicine, for the purpose of
determining whether endemic centers of pellagra are found where
certain biting flies are absent.

Two HUNDRED AND SEVENTY-THIRD MEETING, JANUARY 4, 1914.

The following were elected to membership in the Society:
B. R. Goad, A. W. Jobbins-Pomeroy, Father De Gryse, R. H.
Hutchison, E. A. McGregor, Wm. Schaus, J. K. Strauss, and
G. N. Wolcott.

The retiring President delivered the following address:

ANNUAL ADDRESS OF THE PRESIDENT.
ON THE CLASSIFICATION OF THE MICROLEPIDOPTERA.

BY AUGUST BUSCK.
i

The term Microlepidoptera was originally used by German
Lepidopterists about the middle of the last century as a literal
translation of the much older, popular name, "Kleinschmetter-
linge." It was used as a collective name for the five then recog-
nized families of small moths: the Pyralids, the Tineids, the
Tortricids, the Pterophorids and the Ornerodids. At that time
it was already recognized by leading workers, such as Zeller,
Herrich-Schaffer and Stainton, that their division of the Lepi-
doptera into Macros and Micros was not a natural one, but this
division has been retained in about the original sense even up to
the present day in Germany.

Most modern students have discarded the name Microlepidop-
tera as untenable; first, because it is said to be a misnomer; second,
because it could not be sharply defined as a natural group, if the
original conception should be retained.

It is true that mere size does not make the distinction. Some
large moths are included in the term, while many small Lepi-
doptera tali outside the conception. How r ever, these exceptions
form a small percentage of the whole and the bulk of the Micro-
h pidoptera are truly micros in a literal sense.

The second objection, that the term is not definable as a natural
group, is true if the original conception is strictly adhered to.

OF WASHINGTON, VOLUME XVI, 1914 47

The large Pyralid group has a quite separate origin from, and
cannot properly be associated with, the rest of the Microlepidop-
tera, in the last century's sense. It has also been found that the
^Egeridse and the Cossidae, which were originally classed as
Macros, have their affinities with the Micros. But with these
and a few other minor subtractions and additions the group be-
comes an undisputed natural one, and it seems unwise altogether
to abandon such a long established, commonly used, descriptive
name, which conveys a generally understood, even if not sharply
denned conception. The term may conveniently be retained, if
restricted to denote collectively the natural group of superfamilies
considered in the present paper. This conception does not coin-
cide with the term as used by Stainton and the other old authors,
nor does it coincide with Hampson's and Dyar's superfamily
Tineoidse, differing from both mainly in the exclusion of the
Pyralidse, together with the smaller families of Pyralid origin.

The systematic arrangement of the Microlepidoptera has pro-
gressed along much the same lines as that of the other groups of
insects from the -time of Linnaeus to the present day. It has
developed from a system founded on external, easily observed
characters, such as color and outline, to one founded on structure.

From Linnaeus up through the illustrious series of old world
scientists who worked with this group of insects, Fabricius, Schif-
fermiiller, Ochsenheimer, Treitschke, Hiibner, Haworth, Curtis,
Stephens, Latreille, Duponchel, Guenee, and others, color and
pattern, together with the form of wings, antenna? and palpi, were
the main characters used for generic differentiation.

Herrich-Schaffer was the first to realize the systematic value
of wing venation and his monumental work, Die Schmetterlinge
von Europa, must be regarded as the cornerstone for the modem
classification of Lepidoptera. So far in advance of its period
was this work that very few contemporaneous and subsequent
students realized it as anything but a laborious curiosity. There
was a certain wondering admiration for it, but no actual belief in
its practical value and no desire to go to the trouble of using it.
Even such an enthusiastic student as Stainton took no pains to
go into the subject, though he probably realized its eventual value.
He had his artist make most careful plates of wing venation for
his Insecta Britannica, but neither here nor in his later works,
did he ever use the venation in his generic tables of definition.

Neither did Zeller and Walker take much advantage of Horrid i-
Schaffer's good work, but continued to make genera on "obvious"
characters; among which they and others naturally included
secondary male sexual characters, a procedure which has unfor-
tunately been followed up to a quite recent time.

48 PROCEEDINGS ENTOMOLOGICAL SOCIETY

Heinemann, Lederer and Wocke followed Herrich-Schaffer's
lead, but without advancing beyond his recognition of the vena-
tion as an aid to classification, and they and other workers of
the period continued to be influenced by Zeller, who was the
object of a cult entirely out of proportion to his merits as a
systematist.

Our American pioneers in the Microlepidoptera,Brackenridge-
Clemens, and in a less degree, Chambers, had a keen apprecia-
tion of the value of wing venation as a generic character and drew,
for example, far more advantage from Stainton's plates than did
Stainton himself.

Walsingham began his career as a Microlepidopterist as a
disciple of Stainton and Zeller and his earlier work shows the
effect. In his later working years, he realized the fallacies of this
system and consigned many of his earlier genera to the synonomy,
continuing his work together with Durrant, on sounder lines.

To Herrich-Schaffer and his followers the characters of the
venation were merely a means of classification. They found that
groups of species, which had been associated in genera on other
characters, agreed in venation and that this character was more
dependable than most of those which had hitherto been used.
There was, as yet, no science of phylogeny and no continuity in
the arrangement of the genera.

It was not until Darwin's theory of evolution had been ad-
vanced, that the time was ripe for the realization of the full im-
portance of wing venation as indicative of phylogenetic relationship
and many years passed without the application of this principle.
It remained for Edward Meyrick first to apply Darwin's theo-
ries to the study of Microlepidoptera, and, with the aid of modern
morphological studies, to grasp the possibilities of the wing vena-
nation as a means of recognizing natural relationship and lines of
development. His ingenious rearrangement of the Microlepi-
doptera along natural evolutionary lines revolutionized the study
of this group and has resulted in a sound appreciation of their
mutual relationship and an undoubtedly nearly natural grouping
of these insects.

Similar masterful studies of the lepidopterous wing venation
with similar good results were made independently in Germany
by Arnold Spuler and in America by Comstock. To them is
due, among other things, the important discovery of the funda-
mental significance of the clavus, or as it is better known in this
country by Comstock's somewhat later name, the jugum, a small
projection from the base of the fore-wing which serves to hold the
two wings together in the primitive groups of Lepidoptera, the
Micropterygidse and the Hepialidse.

OF WASHINGTON, VOLUME XVI, 1914 49

The classification of these masters has been adopted and further
developed by all modern students, and the one paramount char-
acter used in this classification is the wing venation. This does
not mean that it is the only character used. Every structural
difference, especially of the palpi, antennae and legs, is considered,
as are the early stages and the biology, but all of these are given
less weight than the venation and are now never used except in
connection with the venation.

That this is a sound scientific view is easily understood when it
is considered that all of the external characters more or less di-
rectly serve some purpose useful to the insect and therefore tend
to become modified in response to the requirements of changed
conditions in the environment.

On the other hand, the venation is not influenced in such a
direct way and undergoes changes but slowly through long periods
of evolution. It might be supposed that the mechanical func-
tion of the veins as a support to the wing surface would invite
modification of the veins, and such is truly the case to some ex-
tent, the tendency in the evolution being a strengthening of the
costal area at the expense of the dorsal. But the mechanical
support would not be especially benefited by such minute changes
in the structure as we find; the entire outline of the wing may be
greatly changed without any radical change in the venation.

At the same time, the venation is so plastic as to mirror in
minute modifications any and every step in the evolution of the
genera. Given merely the denuded wings of a Microlepidopteron
it is possible with certainty to place the species generically.

It has long been realized that the origin of all Lepidoptera is to
be found in the Micropterygidse. These possess several addi-
tional veins, which cannot be explained in any other way than as
primitive characters, according to the fundamental law that no
new organ can be developed except as a modification of an exist-
ing character. The survival of a few species of this ancestral
group is exceedingly fortunate. Without these we should be with-
out the key to the relationship of the entire order, because the
higher Lepidoptera are so different from any other group of insects
that their relationship hardly could have been established without
the connecting link of the Micropterygidse.

The Micropterygidse are in turn generally conceded to have
developed from the caddis-flies; certain of the Trichoptera (the
genus Rhyacophila) agree very closely in neuration as well as in
other characters with the more generalized Micropterygidse,
while no other insect of any order approaches this type. This is
correctly taken as conclusive evidence that the Micropterygidu'
are derived from, or are at least correlated with the Trichoptera,

50 PROCEEDINGS ENTOMOLOGICAL SOCIETY

which order, on the whole, is the more primitive group with a
much more complicated venation in its more generalized genera.

The possession of additional veins in the hind-wings is the most
important character which distinguishes the Micropterygidse
and the Hepialidse, the other primitive group of Lepidoptera,
from all the rest of the Lepidoptera.. Another distinguishing
character of these two families, the mode of interlocking the
wings was independently pointed out by Spuler and Comstock.
The lobe at the base of the fore-wing, which serves to hold the
hind-wing in place, the clavus or jugum, is undoubtedly a good
primitive character. It is found in both fore- and hind-wings in
all the Trichoptera; it also persists though less developed in the
hind-wing of the Micropterygidse and is analogous with the pos-
terior lobe in the hind-wings of the Diptera.

Besides the jugum, there are already, in the Micropterygidae,
a series of small stiff spines on the costal edge of the hind-wing
which assist in holding the wings together. These spines develop
gradually in the higher Lepidoptera into the so-called frenulum,
which in the primitive group, Aculeate, persist as a series of spines
but in the higher groups is reduced to a single strong spine in the
male, and to two, three or four similar, w r eaker spines in the fe-
males. This is one of the curious examples of how the males
lead in the evolution. Another, even more remarkable example
of this is found in certain isolated genera w r here the males are
ahead of the females in the venation, having two veins entirely
coincident, which in the more conservative females are only stalked.

The ^Egeridse is the only family in which the females have also
advanced to the single frenulum. Everywhere else this is dis-
tinctly a male character and is a dependable one on which to dis-
tinguish the two sexes.

In some of the highest groups of Lepidoptera, the Saturnids
and the Butterflies, where the strongly developed dorsal part of
the fore- wings broadly overlaps the equally developed costal
part of the hind-wings and thus insures the interlocking of the
wings, the frenulum has become obsolete.

When a partially denuded wing of a Micropterygid is examined
under strong magnification it is found that its surface is covered
with minute curved spines between the scales and much more
numerous than these. Spuler was the first to point out this
character, which is found in all Trichoptera, as well as in some other
groups such as the Blattidse and the Perlidse.

These spines, "aculei," are not loosely inserted in pockets in
the surface of the wing as are the scales, but are minute, hollow
protuberances of the wing itself, and do not rub off when the
wing is denuded. This primitive character is lost in all the higher

OF WASHINGTON, VOLUME XVI, 1014 .11

Lcpidoptera, except in a small group of families, which until
recently has been associated with, and derived from the Tineidie,
but which, on this character alone must be placed, as Spuler has
done, quite apart from the other non-aculeate Microlepidoptera.

The development of the venation is towards the reduction of
the number of veins, mainly by coalescence, though frequently
by becoming obsolete, and this is the guiding principle in the
classification. Thus a genus with all the veins present cannot be
deduced from one with a less number of veins, according to the
fundamental law that a lost character cannot be regained. Simi-
larly, a genus with two veins separate cannot normally be de-
rived from one in which these two veins are stalked, that is,
partly coalescent.

The reduction of veins has gone on in all branches of the system
of families, but reaches its climax in the genus Opostega, where
all but a few principal longitudinal veins have become obsolete.
In it we have a striking case of an apparently "simplest" form,
which in reality is the most highly developed in the group.

A very different result from the same tendency to vein reduction
is found in the Cosmopterygidse, where the number of veins in
some genera has been preserved, but where several of the veins
have coalesced at base on account of the wings becoming very
narrow and pointed, producing a many branched venation.

On these principles the present system has been built up, not
that the venation alone has been used (in fact, most of the
genera were made on other characters entirely, long before the
value of venation was realized) but the vein characters are now
used as the final test. If two speciesVary in any essential of the
venation, they are separated generically on that character alone,
even should they agree in all other characters.

However, the venation, as well as any other character, must
be used with good sense, and only one thoroughly familiar with
the group as a whole, is safe in applying the test in the numerous
difficulties which occur.

Thus a character may be an essential one in a higher developed
group of genera and of relative unimportance in a more generalized
group which has not .yet acquired the same constancy. In the
Gelechiidse, Xyloryctidae, OEcophoridae and Cosmopterygidae, for
example, veins 7 and 8 of the fore-wings are invariably stalked,
or coincident without exceptions,, but in lower groups, like the
Plutellidae or Acrolophidse, these same veins may be stalked 'or
separate within the same genus or even within the same species,
and consequently cannot be given the same value here as in tin-
higher groups. But it should be noted that even with this varia-
bility, the venation furnishes sufficient stable characters in the

52 PROCEEDINGS ENTOMOLOGICAL SOCIETY

lower families also. A species of Monopis, for example, can
always be determined generically with certainty from the vena-
tion alone, though hardly two specimens can be found in which
/the vein course is identical.

Much more difficult problems arise because the potentiality of

'vein differentiation after all is a limited one, and that therefore

genera of different groups, converging toward the same general

scheme of a wing support, may independently attain results which

are embarrassingly similar.

This fact has in many cases long delayed the true appreciation of
some groups and only patient study and comparison with allied
forms have made it possible to place them where they rightly
belong. An example will illustrate these difficulties. The Gra-
cilaridse, to which the leafmining genus, Phyllonorycter (Litho-
colletis), belongs, are distinguished from all other Micros by the
fact that the mature larvae have prolegs on only three of the
middle abdominal segments instead of on four or more, and by
the fact that the first larval stages exhibit a very peculiar, highly
specialized modification of the mouth parts, not approached by
any other lepidopterous larva. Until recently the group has
been regarded as a part of the Tineidse or Plutellidse, because the
pterogostic and oral characters apparently did not preclude a
derivation from some generalized form within these families.
However, it was felt that they were in some way out of place
and about a year ago, our fellow member, Dr. Charles Ely, who
was making a thorough study of the American species of Gracilaria,
called my attention to an undeniable evidence of their separate
family rank, which has been before all students of the group in
Stainton's careful plates of wing venation published fifty years
ago, but which no one had properly interpreted before. Stainton's
figures of the wings of Gracilaria and Ornix both have the full
number of veins in the hind-wings, eight, apparently only slightly
differently placed. But if we study them carefully, we will see that
it is not the same veins that have persisted. Ornix has one costal
vein more than Gracilaria and Gracilaria has one dorsal vein more
than Ornix.

The large number of common characters both in the. larvae
and the adults prove conclusively that these two genera are truly
closely related. The only explanation, then, is that both must
have been derived from a cpmrnon ancestor having nine or more
veins. By denuding various species of Gracilaria we found some
in which all of the nine and even ten veins had persisted. Such
a group with this number of veins clearly can not be derived from
either the Tineidae or the Plutellidae, which have only eight veins,
but must have developed independently, from a point lower down,
nearer the Micropterygidae.

OF WASHINGTON, VOLUME XVI, 1914 53

A parallel case is that of the Cygnodiida?. Until a few years
ago the species of this group were classed in the same family
as the Cosmopterygidae, which they resemble superficially very
much. In a paper before this Society in 1909, I pointed out, as
Herrich-Schaffer had already figured without realizing its im-
portance, that some of the genera of this group have nine veins
in the hind-wing and therefore cannot be derived from a stock
where the vein reduction has already taken place.

Incidentally these two examples illustrate the value of conscien-
tious figures, which depict all the student sees, not merely what he-
wants to see. In the venation plates of these two old authors,
Herrich-Schaffer and Stainton, we have had before us for more
than half a century, the faithfully presented evidence of important
phylogetaetic significance, which only now has been realized and
in both cases it was this evidence that gave the initiative to further >-
study and better understanding.

A very satisfactory appreciation of the genera has been reached
by the study of the wing venation. There is no doubt that most
of the genera recognized at present are natural entities. The
component species of any genus agree in practically all characters
except in color and in secondary sexual male characters and even
these latter, as well as the color scheme and pattern are often
peculiar to a genus, differing among its species only in details.

Their biology and larval characters also prove that the present
day genera are natural entities. In very many cases it is possible
to definitely determine the genus of a Microlepidopteron merely
from the work, or the mode of pupation or some other biological
peculiarity. The mines of Phyllonorycter (Lithocolletis) , Tischeria, .
Phyllocnistis, and Nepticula, or the cocoons of Bucculatrix, Mar-
mara, or Gracilaria are familiar examples of this fact.

Likewise, we now have a reasonably satisfactory understanding
of the grouping of the genera. There is no doubt that practically
all families at present recognized are actual natural groups of
closely correlated genera, agreeing in essential pterogostic and
oral characters, as well as in general habitus, often exhibiting
even a common pattern scheme and a similar biology.

It is when it comes to a phylogenetic valuation of these so-
called families, that there is considerable room for improvement.
In other words, the groups of genera, which, by nearly unanimous
consent are called families, are phylogenetically of very different
systematic value. For example, the characters which separate
Cosmopterygidse and the Gelechiidae from the Xyloryctidse or
from the CEcophoridse and Blastobasidae are not nearly as funda-
mental as those which distinguish the Coleophoridse or the Acro-
lophidse, even though they may be fully as easy to observe, and the

54 PROCEEDINGS ENTOMOLOGICAL SOCIETY

so-called families Graciilarid.se, Cygnodiidse or Acrolophidae are
each phylogenetically equivalent to the entire group of families
derived from the so-called families Plutellidse and Tineidse.

From the aculeate Micropterygid stock two main groups arise,
one which has retained the aculeation and one in which this
character is lost. The aculeate group contains such families as
the Prodoxidge, the Adelidae, and the Incurvariidse and culminate
in the leafmining Nepticulidse; 1 Opostega also must be referred to
this group.

The generalized nonaculeates give rise to a number of inde-
pendent main branches, each in reality of more than family rank,
such as the Acrolophidse, Cossidse, Tineidse, Hyponomeutidse,
Gracilariidae, Coleophoridse, and Cygnodiidse, from which in turn
the higher families, such as the Gelechiidse and Cosmopterygidse,
the Plutellidse and Hemerophilidse and the Heliodinidse are minor
branches (pi. II).

It may be questioned whether it would be advisable to introduce
a number of intermediate valuations in the form of subfamilies
and superfamilies and suborders (and even these forms will hardly
express the complex system adequately) and whether such a
scheme would be rather a cumbersome, impractical burden for
the student. My own inclination is to express the system in as
true terms as possible.

But the terminology is the least part, the main thing is, that
the student should keep in mind the fact that the families of
Microlepidoptera, as they are at present used by the leading spe-
cialists of the group, are not truly equivalent entities. Only there-
by is a sound perspective of the group possible, and only thereby
can further addition to the systematic structure be made along
natural lines.

Two HUNDRED AND SEVENTY-FOURTH MEETING,
FEBRUARY 5, 1914.

A special committee consisting of Messrs. Heidemann, Schwarz,
and Banks, presented a biographical sketch of 0. M. Reuter which
was accepted for publication.

The following papers were presented:

1 The highest specialization, connected with the leafmining habit, is
found at the apex of several of these branches and has therefore been quite
independently reached by such genera as Nepticula, Phyllonorycter (Litho-
colletis), and Tischeria.

PROC. EXT. SOC. WASH., VOL. XVI.

PLATE II.

-s

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i

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H

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r

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cir

C3
-K

s

<u
-t-0

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TW

' f-J

4-

O

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t-i

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<;

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e

OF WASHINGTON, VOLUME XVI, 1914 OO

On the Abdominal Structure of the Beetle Larvae of the Campodei-

formType.. Dr. Adam Boving

Ceratopogoninae Sucking the Blood of Caterpillars Frederick Knab

Notes on Some Forest Coleophora with Descriptions of two New
Species Carl Heinrich

A Revision of the North American Species of the Family Perilampidse

J. C. Crawford

ON THE ABDOMINAL STRUCTURE OF CERTAIN BEETLE LARVAE
OF THE CAMPODEIFORM TYPE. A STUDY OF THE RELA-
TION BETWEEN THE STRUCTURE OF THE INTEGU-
MENT AND THE MUSCLES. 1

BY A. G. BOVING, Ph.D., Bureau of Entomology.

Doctor Hopkins' classical monograph of the genus Dendroctonus,
1909, 2 was the first successful attempt to formulate a complete
and practical terminology for the external structure of a Coleop-
terous larva, and may well serve, as Doctor Hopkins expressed
it in his introduction, "as a guide to the determination of further
facts relating to insect anatomy in general." The need of such a
uniform terminology for the Coleopterous larva as elaborated by
Doctor Hopkins in this monograph, had long been felt, because a
truly comparative description is not possible without a defined
terminology comprising all the body parts. The descriptions of
even Schiodte, the unsurpassed master of larval classification,
are lacking in this respect. The work of Doctor Hopkins was
readily appreciated by students of the subject. Thus Henrik-
sen 3 Kemner 4 Rosenberg, 5 and the writer 6 have at once adopted
his terminology in so far as it was found applicable to the so-
called compodeiform larval type with which these authors worked.
The external skeleton of the abdominal parts of this campodei-

1 Contribution from Division of Forest Insect Investigations. Bur.
of Ent., U. S. Dept. of Agric.

2 Hopkins, A. D., The genus Dendroctonus. (U. S. Dept. Agric., Bur.
of Ent., Tech. Ser. no. 17. Part I, Washington, D. C., 1909, pp. 57-64.

3 Henriksen, Kaj L., Danske Elateridelarver, Entomologiske Meddelel-
ser, II ser., vol. iv, 1911, pp. 225-331. Idem, Pragtbiller og Smeldere ' 'Dan-
marks Fauna," published by Dansk Naturhistorisk Forening, 1913.

4 Kemner, A. Beitrage zur Kenntnis einiger Schwedischen Koleop-
terenlarven, Arkiv fur Zoologie, Bd. 7, no. 31, 1912, p. 1-31.

5 Rosenberg, E. C., Bidrag til Kundskaben om Billernes Levevis, Udvik-
ling og Systematik. Ill, Billefauna i Dyreboer, Entomologiske Meddelel-
ser, vol. 10, 1913, pp. 37-76.

6 Boving, Adam, Nye Bidrag til Carabernes Udviklmghistorie I Ento-
mologiske Meddelelser, II ser, vol. in, 1910, pp. 219-376. Idem, Nye
Bidrag til Carabernes Udviklingshistorie, II. Entomologiske Meddelelser
II, ser. vol. iv, 1911, pp. 129-180.

56 PROCEEDINGS ENTOMOLOGICAL SOCIETY

form type differs, however, from that of the Scolytidae with which
Doctor Hopkins dealt, and his terminology elaborated for the
Scolytidse is therefore not immediately applicable to the campodei-
forni larvae. In the hope of finding a foundation for a natural
and logical terminology for the body of this type, I began, some
years ago, a detailed study both of the external and internal sur-
faces of the skin as well as of the arrangement of the muscles in
these larvae. I have been fortunate in being able to continue
these studies under most favorable conditions since my arrival
in this country. In Denmark, I studied more particularly the
Carabid, Dytiscid and Hydrophilid larvae, while here the Tro-
gositid, Clerid and Elaterid larvae were chosen, because they play
a more important role in the Branch of Forest Insects, with which
I became connected.

Some of the results of these studies are presented in this paper,
and I believe they will be found useful in the study of other cam-
podeiform larvae. The eventual application of these results also
to the deviating eruciform type to which the Scolytidae belong, I
purposely postpone. I believe that the characters of these two
groups eventually may be homologized, but this will involve
considerable further anatomical study and the question is not
taken up in this paper. From the insufficient investigations I
have made of Lepidopterous, Hymenopterous and Neiiropterous
larvae, I am inclined to believe that the characters described in
the present paper will be found useful in the larval study of all
the insects with complete metamorphosis.

While the terminology has been derived from an anatomical
study of the inside of the integuments and of the muscles, the
structures can also be made out externally, but they can only be
understood by a study of the inside, and it would have been im-
possible to homologize the external characters without a com-
parative study of the muscles. It should be stated however
that the terms used in this paper for the various structural parts
are purely provisional. The limitation and definition of the
areas has been the main object; the names have been a minor
consideration.

THE INTERSEGMENTAL SKIN

The segments of an insect larva are, as is well known, connected
by a perpendicular inter segmental skin, but a more intimate study
of this skin has never been made. This intersegmental skin is
divided on each side into two more or less wedge-shaped parts:
the superior cunea (s) with the point downwards, and the inferior
cunea (i) with the point upwards. The ends of these two cuneae
pass each other more or less, that of the superior cunea always

OF WASHINGTON, VOLUME XVI, 1914 57

in front of the inferior. At the end of each cunea there is a thick-
ening of the membrane which on the inside forms a small notch
to which muscles are attached. I call these thickenings relatively,
the anterior (an) and the posterior (pn) cuneal notch. Another
similar notch is found in the upper portion of the anterior cunea;
I call this the superior cuneal notch (sri). Finally there is a fourth
notch on the median ventral line of the posterior cunea; this I
term the ventral cuneal notch (vn).

THE LATERAL ZONE

Between the posterior cuneal notch of one intersegmental skin
and the anterior cuneal notch of the succeeding inter segment a 1
skin is found, on the inside of the integument, a staff -like or even
caririated apodeme, which on the outside appears as a deep groove.
This groove has been named by Doctor Hopkins the pleural suture
(pi). Above and parallel with the pleural suture is found a
similar one which I call the antipleural suture (anti). This is some-
times more, sometimes less developed than the pleural suture.
It is somewhat shorter than the pleural suture and does not reach
either of the margins of the segment. The bandlike region be-
tween these two sutures I call the lateral zone. This lateral zone
has, as already pointed out by Dr. David Sharp in his hand-
book, 1901, p. 90, a mechanical use in the dorso-ventral compres-
sion of the larval body corresponding to that of the intersegmental
skin in the telescoping compression, and it is stiffened on the in-
side by a circular thickening which touches both the antipleural
and the pleural suture. This circular thickening limits an area,
which on the outside is elevated and rounded; it is the area which
has been termed the pleural lobe (pll) by Doctor Hopkins. The
rest of the lateral zone is divided by oblique sutures into four
small triangular parts, two before, and two behind the pleural
lobe. I call these respectively the protopleurite (prpl), the deu-
teropleurite (dpi), the tritopleurite (tripl) and the tetrapleurite
(tetpl). All of these four small areas are prolonged more or less
upward along the superior cunea.

The whole lateral zone can be compressed by two systems of
perpendicular muscles. The muscles of the first system run
upwards from the middle of the pleural suture ; while the muscles
of the other system run downward from each end of the antipleural
suture. When the muscles are relaxed, the pleural and antipleural
sutures are again separated by the elasticity of the pleural lobe
and of the oblique sutures.

58 PROCEEDINGS ENTOMOLOGICAL SOCIETY

THE DETERMINATION OF THE LINES AND AREAS ABOVE AND BELOW

THE LATERAL ZONE

Above the antipleural suture the segment is divided into the
following areas :

Prescutum (prsc) , scutum (sc), scutellum (scl) , parascutum (pasc),
postscutellum (pscl), and the spiracular area (spa).

The scutum and scutellum, which are sometimes hardly sepa-
rable, form the central dorsal part ; in front of these is the prescutum,
below and partly around them the parascutum, and behind them,
the postscutellum. Underneath those areas and limited on the
other side by the antipleural suture lies the spiracular area.

All areas are denned by lines, fine wrinkles in the integument,
radiating from and determined by muscle attachments. In order
to make the figures as comprehensible as possible and in order
to avoid too many letters I have signified the muscle spot, its
radiating lines, and the area determined thereby, by the same
letter, and each muscle is then determined by the letters of the two
muscle spots between which it runs. The boundary line of scutum
and scutellum, I call the scutal line (sc). This is determined by a
muscle spot from which a long muscle (sc-pn) runs down to the
posterior cuneal notch. The transversal line separating scutum
and scutellum I call the scuto-scutellar line. The prescutum
is bounded by a line, the prescutal line (prsc), which runs from
the superior cuneal notch to the anterior margin of scutum. The
boundary line of parascutum, I call the parascutal line (pasc).
This is determined by a bundle of three muscles (pasc-pl), which
run down to the pleural suture (pi). The parascutum is divided
by a more or less curved line connecting the scutal and the para-
scutal line. I call this line the parascutal divisor (d). It is de-
termined by a flat muscle band (d-s), which runs backwards to
the superior cunea (s). This line is in reality a row of little dots
and varies considerably in size and position in the different types
of larvae; often it is also continued downward, below the parascutal
line. The postscutellum (pscl) is limited by the postscutellar
line, which runs behind the parascutum through the superior
attachment of the muscle (pscl-hypl), and terminates at the poste-
rior end of the antipleural suture. The spiracular area (spa),
is characterized by the presence of the spiracle and is limited above
by the parascutal line, below by the antipleural suture.

AREAS BELOW THE LATERAL ZONE

Below the pleural suture the segment is separated into the
following areas: the hypopleurite (hypl) immediately below the
pleural suture, the presternum (prst) and sternum (st), generally

OF WASHINGTON, VOLUME XVI, 1914 59

more or less united, separated by the triangular parasternum
(past) , from the sternellum (stl) , behind which is the poststernellum
(pstl).

The line limiting the hypopleurite below, I call the hypopleural
line (hypl) and it is determined by perpendicular muscles running
from the posterior end of the antipleural suture (anti-hypl) . This
hypopleural line consists of two pieces. Below the anterior
piece lies the parasternum, below the posterior, the poststernellum.
The line separating the parasternum from the sternum I call the
sternal line (si) . This is determined by three long oblique muscles,
two from the superior cunea, just in front of the spiracle of the
following joint (s-st) and one (an-si) from the anterior cuneal
notch. The two first mentioned muscles are closely united at
their lower end in the Trogosita and Alaus larvae, while in Clerus
they are plainly separated (fig. 1, pi. III). The line limiting
poststernellum anteriorly against sternellum I call the postster-
nellar line (pstl) , and this is determined by a short oblique muscle
from the anterior cuneal notch (an-pstl). The other, anterior,
side of sternellum is defined by a line, the sternellar line (stl),
from the end of the anterior piece of the hypopleural line to the
posterior end of the sternal line.

The study of the muscles, is as stated in the beginning, essential
to the correct understanding of these integumental parts. With-
out such a study it is well nigh impossible to interpret the struc-
ture of the surface in the more complicated cases. A few examples
will suffice to demonstrate this. In Alaus (fig. 8, pi. VI), the mus-
cles show that the first line below the pleural suture is but a branch
from the hypopleural line which is normally simple, and that the
hypopleurite, consequently, in this larval type consists of two
distinct pads, while in the other types this area is undivided.
Similarly, it could not have been recognized without muscle study
that the broken sternal line in Trogosita (fig. 5, pi. V), is identical
with the straight sternal line in Clerus (fig. 1, pi. IV), and Alaus,
a modification which makes the shape of the parasternum quite
different in these forms.

In the above I have only mentioned the muscles, which have
a direct bearing on the formation of the various areas. There
are, however, a great many others, and a short account of these
may be useful in the identification and location of the leading
muscles, used in this paper. They are:

(s-s). Longitudinal, bandlike dorsal, muscles in parallel series
immediately underneath the integument as far down as to the
spiracle; they run between a superior cunea in front and the
following superior cunea posteriorly (fig. 3).

(i-i). Longitudinal, bandlike, ventral muscles in parallel series

60 PROCEEDINGS ENTOMOLOGICAL SOCIETY

immediately underneath the integument, below the pleural su-
ture ; they run between an inferior cunea in front and the following
inferior cunea (fig. 3).

(st-i). Small oblique muscles between' sternum and the infe-
rior cunea (fig. 2).

(s-fw 7 -sc). Longitudinal muscles from the superior cunea above
the superior cuneal notch, across the scutellum to the scutum.

(s-fw-scl). Oblique muscles from the superior cunea to the
scutellum (fig. 3).

(an-tetpl). An oblique, single, small muscle from the anterior
cuneal notch to the superior part of the tetrapleurite (fig. 4).

(an-sri). A vertical pair of muscles from the anterior cuneal
notch to the superior cuneal notch (fig. 4).

(an-pri). A single, horizontal muscle between a .posterior
cuneal notch and the anterior cuneal notch of the following inter-
segmental skin (fig. 3).

(vn-dpl). One or two large, oblique muscles from the ventral
cuneal notch to the anterior curve of the pleural suture below the
deuteropleurite (fig. 4).

(dpl-fw-s). An oblique, short, but rather broad band from the
anterior curve of the pleural suture below the deuteropleurite
to the superior cunea near the spiracle (fig. 4).

(dpl-prst). A vertical muscle from the anterior curve of the
pleural suture below the deuteropleurite to the presternum. (This
I have found only in Trogosita, fig. 6.)

(spa-pn) . A pair of perpendicular muscles between the poste-
rior cuneal notch and the spiracular area just below the spiracle.

(pl-hypl). One or some few small vertical muscles from the
middle of the pleural suture to the hypopleural line (fig. 4, fig.
6, 2. Not found in Alaus.)

(tetpl-hypl) . A vertical muscle from the tetrapleurite to the
hypopleural line (fig. 4).

(pscl-hypl). A long, perpendicular muscle from postscutellum
to the hypopleural line, the definition of the postscutellar line
(fig. 2). Seep. 58.

In the preceding I have endeavored to demonstrate that the
abdomen of the larvae under consideration is made up, in an
identical manner, of the intersegmental skin, the lateral zone, and
the regions above and below the lateral zone, and further that the
arrangement of the muscles between these parts is uniform. This
remarkable uniformity of structure has been preserved through-
out the genetic evolution because it enables and conditions the
elementary movements of the abdomen. These elementary
movements are but two. First, the telescoping of the segments,

1 fw indicates "forwards to;" bw indicates "backwards to."

PKOC. ENT. 80C. WASH., VOL. XVI.

PLATK III.

prsc sc '/scl pscl

}. .--.-' vase !,

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lir^i if.

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lines

different areas

PLATE IV.

I'HOC. ENT. SOC. WASH., VOL. XVI.

scl

cut

rig 3. C7e7ws

Mnsctes offec-finy t7te
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pi -hypi ~-~

Clerus (x20j

Muscles effecting tTte

PKOC. ENT. SOI . WASH., VOL. XVI.

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hypli.
Zi O 5 . Trogo s i ta

Cx 0)

PLATE VI.

PKOC. KNT. SOC. WASH., VOL. XVI.

pasc

prc

prpl--'

tetpl

~-hypl z

hypli. pi
7.

\ N V

psTl<pn st

Cx8)

d-s pasc-pl

'* r \c

o

8

( xc3J

OF WASHINGTON, VOLUME XVI, 1014 61

by which the intersegmental skin is bent inwards and the front
margin of each segment is pushed into the posterior margin of the
preceding segment. Second, the dorso-ventral flattening of the
abdomen by which the lateral zone is compressed and the edges
of the two cuneae are made to pass further by each other.

The telescoping movement is mainly produced by contraction
of the longitudinal muscle bands and the dorso-ventral movement
is performed by contraction of the perpendicular muscles. The
oblique muscles assist in both of these movements. It is a matter
of course that in these elementary movements of the abdomen
the muscles on both sides of the body act in unison. A one-sided
action of the longitudinal muscles controlling the telescoping of
the segments naturally produces a movement of the abdomen to
that side, movements which, however, are more or less assisted by
the system of transverse and especially of the oblique muscles.
In a great many beetle larvae, more especially in those which live
in galleries in wood or bark, such as Cerambycids or Trogosita,
or those which crawl among moist, dead leaves, such as the Hy-
drophilids: Enochrus and Hydrobius, are developed the so-called
ambulatory ampullse, which assist in the locomotion.

There seem to be no special muscles for the retraction of these
ampullse; they are controlled by a mechanical combination of
muscles, present in all campodeiform larvae.

It should be noted here, that the muscles only cause the con-
traction of these ampullae as well as the compression and telescop-
ing of the segments. The opposite action in these larvae by which
the parts are extended is not produced by the muscle system at
all, but by blood pressure, aided by the elasticity of the integu-
ment, which in some parts is especially developed for this purpose,
as in the sutures and circular thickening of the lateral zone.

In discussing the foregoing paper Dr. A. D. Hopkins said:
am naturally gratified that the results of Doctor Boving's study
of the muscles of the abdominal segment in certain 'campodei-
form' types of coleopterous larvae has tended to verify my con-
clusions and suggestions relating to the external elements of the
'cruciform' type as represented by the scolytid larvae.

"I want to congratulate him on this splendid piece of work
and the further contribution of facts bearing on this important
subject. It is of the greatest importance that we should be able
to identify the immature stages of forest insects because it is the

62 PROCEEDINGS ENTOMOLOGICAL SOCIETY

wood and bark boring larvae that are most frequently met with
by investigators and sent in by correspondents.

"I think that we will find the principal distinguishing characters
in the head and mouth parts but these must be correlated with
thoracic and abdominal characters. Therefore we need a more
exact knowledge of the primary external elements of structure and
a key to such of the so-called homologous elements as are of the
greatest taxonomic value.

"In my work on the anatomy of Dendrodonus, I found that
the pleural suture was of fundamental importance as a guide to
the location and identification of elements of structure in the
adult, pupa and larva (Technical Series 17, part 5, Bureau of
Entomology, 1909, fig. 9, 38, 39). In the work carried on by Mr.
Snodgrass and myself on the thorax of insects we found that the
key to the structure of the pleurum in adult insects was -the pleural
suture (Proc. U. S. N. M., vol. xxxvi, 1909, p. 536, fig. 3). Now
with the additional facts revealed by Doctor Boving relating to the
musculatory system of the abdominal segment in coleopterous
larvae, I am convinced, that the pleural suture is the key to the
structural modification and homology of the pleurum in all seg-
ments of all stages of insects, and therefore largely a key to the
morphology of the hexapodal type.

"All of this shows that the essential features in the development
from the egg to the adult in the insects with a so-called incomplete
metamorphoses is not so very different from those in insects with
a so-called complete metamorphoses. Therefore rnu^h of the
terminology, as applied to the primary elements of the adult, is
applicable to all stages, such as the tergum with its prescutum,
scutum, scutellum and postscutellum, the sternum with its pre-
sternum, sternum, sternellum and poststernellum ; the pleurum with
its epipleurum and hypopleurum ; the epipleurum with its epimeral
area, lobe or sclerite and its spiracle area, lobe or membrane; the
hypopleurum with its episternal area, lobe or sclerite and its coxal
area, lobe or coxa and so on as applied to all body segments of
all stages.

"It must be kept in mind, however, that there is an almost
unlimited range of modification in each and all of the named
elements. There is often a most complex subdivision of one, the

OF WASHINGTON, VOLUME XVI, 1914 63

fusion of two or more or the suppression of one or more elements.
Therefore, in order to correctly homologize and generalize, one
must have a comprehensive knowledge of the manifestation of the
primary elements as represented by characteristic examples of
all stages in all orders."

CERATOPOGONIN^E SUCKING THE BLOOD OF CATERPILLARS

BY FREDERICK KNAB, Bureau of Entomology.

Under date of December 29, 1913, my friend Mr. C. A. Mosier
sent me from Florida some small Diptera with the information
that they were sucking the blood of a sphingid caterpillar which
was feeding on the foliage of the papaya. The flies were busily
sucking, while the caterpillar thrashed about and in that way
succeeded in dislodging some of its enemies. The caterpillar was
that of the well-known papaya sphinx, Erinnyis ello L. The
flies, strangely enough, were of two widely different species, one
of them a biting chironomid of the genus Forcipomyia, the other
a lauxaniid of the genus Pachycerina. The Forcipomyia, of
which fourteen females were sent, proves to be closely related to
the Antillean F. propinquus Will., but distinct and undescribed, and
I propose to call it Forcipomyia erucicida. Specimens collected
by Mrs. A. T. Slosson at Lake Worth and Biscay ne Bay, Florida,
stood in the national collection labeled "Culicoides eriophorus Will."
and included with them were specimens of Forcipomyia propinquus
from Cuba. I find it necessary to mention these erroneous de-
terminations, as they have found their way into the literature of
the present subject. 1

Prof. C. F. Baker records a biting midge attacking the cater-
pillars of the geometrid moth Melanchroia geometroides (Walker)
in Cuba, swarming about them and killing large numbers of them. 2
The midges were determined by the late D. W. Coquillett as
"Ceratopogon eriophorus Will.," but it would seem that the speci-
mens were not preserved. As there are no true eriophorus in the
collection, and the Cuban specimens (collected by Mr. E. A.

1 In this connection it should be noted that Williston's description of
F. eriophorus (Trans. Ent. Soc. Lond., 1896, p. 279) is of the female, and not
of the male as there stated. The figures of the tarsus and wing of F. pro-
pinquus (1. c., pi. 9, figs. 41, 41a) also are of the female, instead of the male.

2 Remarkable habits of an important predaceous fly (Ceratopogon
eriophorus Will.). U. S. Dept. Agrie., Bur. Ent.. Bull. 67, pp. 117-118,
1907.

64 PROCEEDINGS ENTOMOLOGICAL SOCIETY

Schwarz at Cayamas) so labeled are Forcipomyia propinquus. it
is safe to conclude that this last mentioned was the species
observed by Professor Baker.

Doctor Lutz records two observations of Forcipomyia attacking
caterpillars. One was by Townsend, who took specimens sucking
a sphingid larva in Peru, the other by Barbiellini, who made a
similar observation at Sao Paulo, Brazil. 3

A further record of Forcipomyia attacking caterpillars comes
from Prof. F. W. Urich and is published here for the first time.
The observation was made in October, 1911, during Professor
Urich's stay on the Isthmus of Tehuantepec. The species ob-
served is also closely related to F. propinquus and I propose to call
it Forcipomyia crudelis.

These records of closely related species of Forcipomyia attack-
ing caterpillars would lead one to suppose that these flies feed
exclusively on lepidopterous larvae, and the writer was inclined to
adopt this view. However, among a number of specimens of Forci-
pomyia propinquus, taken by Mr. A. Busck in the island of Santo
Domingo, was a female bearing a label indicating that it had
inflicted a painful bite on the collector. Also, the writer, while
at Miami, Florida, took two females of F. erucicida, along with
other Geratopogoninse, on the flowers of an avocado (Perseasp.).
Thus there is a wide range of feeding habits indicated, which does
not, however, preclude decided food predilections on the part of
these insects.

It may be further pointed out that Ceratopogonina3 have been
observed attacking adult insects. F. H. Gravely, in India, found
a specimen of Culicoides attacking an Anopheles mosquito, the
former having its proboscis so firmly fastened in the abdomen of
the mosquito that it remained attached when the catch was placed
in alcohol. 4 It must be pointed out that some species of Culi-
coides are very troublesome blood-suckers of man and of other
warm-blooded animals, so that Gravely was well justified in think-
ing that his Culicoides probably normally "sucks mammalian blood,
and was taking it second-hand from the mosquito." But more
recent observations, made by Major N. P. O'Gorman Lalor in
Lower Burma, show that these attacks of Ceratopogoninse upon
mosquitoes are far too frequent to be accounted for in this way.
In these observations three species of Anopheles were found to be
attacked. Caught specimens of Anopheles fuliginosus "have
been found infested to the extent of 6 per cent, and this probably
implies a much wider infestation of that species in nature." 5

3 Mem. Inst. Oswaldo Cruz, iv, p. 24, 1912.

4 Mosquito sucked by a midge. Records Indian Mus., iv, p. 45, 1911.

6 Note on a parasitic fly which infests malaria carrying Anopheles in
Lower Burma. Paludism (Simla), no. 5, pp. 42-43, 1912.

OF WASHINGTON, VOLUME XVI, 1914 65

Recently I have had the priviledge of examining specimens of a
species of Ceratopogon (restricted sense) captured by Mr. I. P.
Kryger in Denmark while fastened to the wings of a geometrid
moth (Cidaria didymata L.). So tightly had the small flies in-
serted their beaks into the wing-veins of the moth that they
remained in position long after they had been introduced into the
killing-bottle and death had followed. 6 Of course the moth must
have been a recently emerged one, in which the blood was still
present in the wing- veins. The midges belong in the neighbor-
hood of Ceratopogon murinus Winnertz, but I have been unable to
place them satisfactorily and they are probably an undescribed
species.

As to the Pachycerina captured by Mr. Mosier along with the
Forcipomyias on the caterpillar of the papaya sphinx, nothing
appears to be known of their habits. Probably they were attracted
by the blood exuding from the injured caterpillar, and were not
participants in the primary attack of the Forcipomyias. The
species was represented in the national collection by a single speci-
men taken by Mrs. Slosson at Biscayne Bay, Florida, and deter-
mined by D. W. Coquillett as Pachycerina flavida Wiedemann.

Forcipomyia erucicida n. sp.

Female: Occiput dull brown, clothed with coarse yellow hairs. Anten-
nae with the shaft yellowish, shading to brownish distally, the proximal
joints subglobose and subovate, the last five lengthened, subcylindrical.
Palpi black, the antepenultimate segment thickened, the penultimate
nearly as long, slender, subcylindrical, the last joint short. Thorax and
scutellum brownish black, a pale spot on the humerus, clothed with coarse,
shining yellow hair. Postnotum black. Abdomen black, clothed with
blackish hairs with yellow luster. Wings smoky, clothed with coarse
black hairs, a patch of yellow hairs at base of costa; subcostal cell thick-
ened and strongly pigmented, its distal end slightly beyond the middle of
the wing. Halteres with white knob. Legs yellowish, clothed with coarse,
irregular yellow hairs, a broad blackish ring at the ends of the middle and
hind femora, a narrower blackish ring close to base of the corresponding
tibiae; tarsi tinged with brown, slender, the first joint of the hind pair about
half the length of the second, last joint slightly thickened, subcylindrical.
Claws long and slender; empodium fleshy, ciliate. Length: Body about
2 mm., wing 2 mm.

Male: Antennae plumose, luteous brown, the tori very large, the proxi-
mal joints of the shaft subglobose. Palpi considerably longer than in the
female. Abdomen slender, elongate, black, with broad pale segment al
rings on the proximal half; lateral ciliation of long and coarse brown hair

6 En Myg, der angriber en Sommerfugl. Ent. Meddel., pp. 83-88, 1914.

66 PROCEEDINGS ENTOMOLOGICAL SOCIETY

with yellow luster. Wings narrower than in the female. Length: Body
about 3mm., wing 1.8mm.

Buena Vista, Florida, December 29, 1913 (C. A. Mosier);
Miami, Florida, two females on flowers of avocado (Per sea sp.),
December 20, 1912, two males, November 22 and 23, 1912 (F.
Knab); Little River, Florida, two females November 30, 1912
(Knab); Biscayne Bay and Lake Worth, Florida (Mrs. A. T.
Slosson).

Type: Cat. No. 18419, U. S. N. M.

Closely resembles Forcipomyia propinquus Williston, but differs
principally in the shape of the palpi and hind tarsi, both being
more slender than in Williston's species.

Forcipomyia crudelis n. sp.

Female: Occiput dull brown, clothed with coarse yellow hair. Anten-
nae with the proximal portion of the shaft yellowish, of subglobose and
subovate joints, the last five joints blackish and clothed with white
pubescence, elongate and subcylindrical. Palpi black, the antepenultimate
joint greatly thickened. Thorax and scutellum brownish black, a small
yellowish humeral spot, vestiture of coarse yellow hair. Abdomen black,
clothed dorsally with dark hair, at the sides with tufts of shining yellow hair
at the bases of the segments. Wings smoky, clothed with coarse black hair ;
costa black to end of first vein and on this portion bearing long and dense
black hair, a patch of yellow hair at its base; submarginal cell indistinct,
ending slightly beyond middle of wing. Halteres with brownish stem and
whitish knob. Legs yellow, clothed with coarse, irregular yellow hairs;
an ill-defined brown ring subapically on middle and hind femora; entire
fore tarsi infuscated, middle and hind tarsi with the last three joints dark;
first joint of hind tarsi slightly less than half the length of the second, the
last joint nearly as long as the fourth. Claws long and slender; empodium
fleshy, ciliate. Length: Body about 1.5 mm., wing 1.7 mm.

Plantation "La Oaxaquena," near Santa Lucrecia, Mexico,
October, 1911. (F. W. Urich.)

Type: Cat. No. 18420, U. S. N. M.

NOTES ON SOME FOREST COLEOPHORA WITH DESCRIPTIONS

OF TWO NEW SPECIES. 1

BY CARL HEINRICH, Bureau of Entomology.

The following species of Coleophora were reared by Mr. A.
Busck and the writer during the past summer, at the Falls Church,
Virginia, station of the Forest Insect Investigations Division of

1 Contribution from the Division of Forest Insect Investigations, Bureau
of Entomology.

OF WASHINGTON, VOLUME XVI, 1914 67

the Bureau of Entomology. The writer is indebted to .Mr. Busrk
for final determination of the species.

Coleophora leucochrysella Clemens. Dyar X. A. Lp. No. 6026.

Eleven* specimens of this beautiful moth \vere reared under
Hopkins U. S. No. 11135.

Larval case 10 to 11 mm. long; first two-thirds made from material nf
the leaf; light yellow; elongate cylindrical, somewhat flattened and slightly
bulged in the middle with distinct fin-like projection from base to middle;
mouth deflected about 30 degrees; posterior third made of pure silk, slightly
darker, curving in to a blunt point and splitting vertically along the ]><>--
terior extremity of the keel.

Habitat: Falls Church, Virginia, and Charter Oak, Pennsylvania.

Foodplant: Castanea dentata

The larva mines the leaves from the under surface. The clear,
rectangular mine with the small circular entrance on the under
side clearly distinguishes the work of the species. A number of
full grown larvae collected at Falls Church, Virginia, during the
early part of May, by Mr. Busck and the writer, pupated June 2,
the adult moths issuing June 16 to 20. The larvae overwinter in
the cases, which are attached to the twigs or the bark of the tree,
and feed up during the following May.

Two new species of Hymenopterous parasites of the larvae
(Microdus sp. and Microbracon sp., determined by Mr. S. A.
Rohwer) were reared from larvae collected at Falls Church, and
from a couple of larvae collected at Charter Oak, Pennsylvania,
by Mr. T. E. Snyder, of the Bureau of Entomology.

Coleophora carpinella n. sp.

Palpi grayish white tinged with brownish ochreous. Antenna- slightly
thickened and clothed with brownish ochreous scales to basal fourth ; white
beyond and distinctly annulated with deep brown. Face and head brownish
ochreous shading to white. Fore-wings deep brown with darker dustings
in apical portion and with white streak along costa from base to costo-
apical cilia, narrowing and faintly visible beyond first third and bordered
with brown on extreme costal margin; cilia shaded from brownish ochre-
ous on costo-apical to lead gray on dorso-apical portions. Hind-wings dull
steel gray, cilia steel gray along costal and lead gray along dorsal mar-
gins with lighter shadings toward base of wing. Abdomen brown dustnl
with grayish white above and beneath ; anal tuft slightly paler brown. Legs
light brown on outer, white on inner side, tarsi annulated with darker
brcwn. Alar expanse: 7 to 7.."> mm.

Habitat: Hyattsville, Maryland.
Foodplant: Carpinus.

68 PROCEEDINGS ENTOMOLOGICAL SOCIETY

Type: Cat. No. 18183, U. S. N. M.

Described from seven specimens reared June 28, to July 12,
1913, under Hopkins U. S. No. 11143 from larvae feeding on leaves
of Carpinus. There are also three specimens of the same species
in the U. S. National Museum, reared by Mr. Busck in 1-901 from
the same food plant.

The larval case is dark brown, smooth; 6 to 7 mm. long and 1 to
1.5 mm. wide; cylindrical in form with posterior end flattened and
slightly wider than diameter of the case; mouth slightly deflected.

This species resembles C. carycefoliella Clemens, from which it
differs in its smaller size, the dark apical dusting on fore-wings,
the generally darker color of wings and cilia and the greater de-
flection of the mouth of the larval case.

Coleophora alniella n. sp.

Palpi white very faintly tinged with ochreous. Antennae white, annu-
lated with golden brown; base slightly thickened with scales, white to
ochreous, not erected. Face and head golden ochreous shading to white
on sides. Fore-wing nearly a uniform golden brown with white streak along
costa from base to costo-apical cilia; cilia shading from white at end of
costal streak to golden brown on dorso-apical margin. Hind-wings and
cilia steel gray with faint golden tints. Abdomen brown with argentious
dustings above and beneath. Legs light golden brown on outer, silvery on
inner side; tarsi but faintly annulated. Alar expanse: 8 to 9 mm.

Habitat: Hyattsville, Maryland.

Foodplant: Alnus.

Type: Cat. No. 18184, U. S. N. M.

Described from three specimens reared June 30 and July 5, 1913,
under Hopk. U. S. No. 11139, from larvae feeding on leaves of
Alnus.

The larval case is dark brown, rather rough and fibrous; 6 to 7
mm. long by 1.5 mm. wide; a slightly flattened cylinder in form,
with posterior end flattened to somewhat curved edge like the
blade of an axe; mouth deflected to 90 degrees.

This species so closely resembles C. carycefoliella Clemens, that
it is difficult to separate the two on adult characters. I find
quite a little variation in the specimens of the hickory species
before me, so that whatever very slight size and color differences
there are, offer no sure means of differentiating the species. It
seems however, that in this case the differences in the foodplant
and larval cases should be sufficient to warrant the erection of a
new species.

The chief structural differences are in the posterior end and
mouth of the case. In carycefoliella the posterior end is flattened
to a straight line, and the mouth deflects to about 40 degrees.

OF WASHINGTON, VOLUME XVI, 1914 69

In alniella the posterior end is flattened to a slightly curved line
and the mouth deflects to about 90 degrees. These differences are
constant in all the specimens that have come under my obser-
vation.

Coleophora querciella Clemens. Dyar List X. A. Lep. No. 6040.

Palpi white with very fine golden brown dustings on apical segment.
Antennal base clothed above with a long projecting tuft; white, inter-
marked with golden brown. Antennge white, annulated beyond basal
fourth with light brown. Face and head white. Fore-wings white with
apical dustings shading from golden brown to black; cilia black on costo-
apical portion to silver gray on dorsal margin. Hind-wings and costal
cilia of same, argentious with faint golden overtone; dorsal cilia somewhat
darker. Abdomen white. Legs white with faint brownish markings;
tarsi not annulated. Alar expanse: 12mm.

Habitat: Falls Church, Virginia.

Foodplant: Quercus.

Two adults reared under Hopk. U. S. No. 11135c and 11135d
from Iarva3 collected on Quercus prinus and Quercus alba. Moths
issued June 21 and 25, 1913. I had considerable misgiving about
the identity of the species, as Clemens knew it only in the larval
stage and his description of the larval case, while corresponding
in nearly all details with the specimens before us, is misleading in
one point. He describes the posterior end as "squarely excised,"
while as a matter of fact it curves inward to a blunt point, similar
to C. leucochrysella Clemens. Larval case 9 mm. long.

THE SPECIES OF PERILAMPID^ OF AMERICA NORTH OF

MEXICO.

BY J. C. CRAWFORD, U. S. National Museum.

The species in this family fall in three genera E it peri lain pus,
Perilampus, and Chrysolampus. The species which Ashmead
referred to the genus Elatus must be transferred to Chrysolampus
since it has only one ring joint and Walker's original description
of Elatus characterizes that genus as having two ring joints.

GENUS EUPERILAMPUS Walker.

The only species of this genus occurring north of Mexico is E.
triangularis Say. E. opacus Ashm. is a Eurytoma, Doctor Ashmead
being misled by a piece of extraneous matter which had adhered
to the scutellum.

70 PROCEEDINGS ENTOMOLOGICAL SOCIETY

GENUS PERILAMPUS Latreille.

TABLE OF SPECIES.

1. Face with a carina from anterior ocellus running laterad and turning

downward on each side and extending to, or almost to, the level of

insertion of antennae 2

Face without such carina or at most an indistinct one running only
laterad from anterior ocellus 7

2. Species distinctly greenish, bluish or coppery 3

Species black or aeneous 4

3. Green or bluish, facial carina prominent, upper part of face between

carina and eyes vertically striate; below from eyes to mouth-parts

strongly rugose hyalinus Say

Bronzy, facial carina delicate, upper part of face almost smooth, lower
part w r ith only a few wrinkles subcarinatus n. sp.

4. Face strongly produced, a line connecting lower margins of eyes being

some distance above upper margin of clypeus robertsoni n. sp.

Face not strongly produced, upper margin of clypeus about on a level
with lower end of eyes 5

5. Face in front of malar furrow rugose-granular 6

Face in front of malar furrow smooth carinifrons n. sp.

6. Parapsidal areas reticulate, upper part of face between carina and

eyes reticulate platygaster Say

Parapsidal areas and upper part of face between carina and eyes smooth

baker i n. sp.

7. Third joint of antennae as long as wide anomocerus n. sp.

Third joint of antennae much shorter than wide 8

8. Wings under marginal veins with a large infuscated cloud

stygicus Provancher
Wings without such a cloud 9

9. Malar furrow distinctly longer than width of malar space at apex

similis n. sp.
Malar furrow shorter than width of malar space at apex 10

10. Sides of face above vertically wrinkled; in male the wrinkles extending

downward to level of insertion of antennae chrysopoe n. sp.

Sides of face smooth 11

11. Punctures along middle line of mesoscutum and scutellum well sepa-

rated granulosus n.sp.

Punctures of middle of mesoscutum and scutellum close 12

12. Small less than 3 mm. face above gently curved . . . .fulvicornis Ashmead
Large, about 4 mm., face above produced, angulated from anterior

ocellus laterad and no true carina beyond, simulating one being
sharply angulated canadensis n. sp.

Perilampus subcarinatus n. sp.

Female: Length 3 mm. Dark olive green; facial carina delicate, reach-
ing almost to lower level of eyes, face in front of malar furrow with rugulae

OF WASHINGTON, VOLUME XVI, 1914 71

converging toward clypeus, behind the malar furrow with similar more
distinct rugulae extending in the same general direction; ocellar triangle
transversely rugulose; pronotum and mesonotum coarsely rugoso-punct;M< .
inner margin of parapsidal areas with a broad smooth band; scutellum with
the apex emarginate; legs green, bases and apices of tibin?, underside of
anterior tibiae and tarsi testaceous.

Type-locality: San Bernardino County, California.
Type-sped n, en: Cat. No. 18298, U. S. N. M.
Described from two specimens collected in May.

' Perilampus robertsoni n. sp.

Female: Length about 2.5 mm. Black, face smooth, malar furrow dis-
tinctly longer than width of malar space at apex, facial carina indistinct
beyond the point where it turns downward along inner orbits; ocellar tri-
angle rugulose, in front of lateral ocelli indistinctly rugulose; pronotum
and mesonotum coarsely rugoso-punctate; inner margins of parapsidal
areas with a broad smooth area; scutellum at apex slightly emarginate;
legs black, the knees, bases and apices of tibiae and the tarsi testaceous.

Male: Length about 2.5 mm. Similar to the female but the malar spare
vertically lineolate; the facial carina distinct almost to lower margin of
eyes; ocellar triangle and the areas in front of lateral ocelli more distinctly
sculptured than in female.

Type-locality: Southern Illinois.

Type-specimen: Cat. No. 18299, U. S. N. M.

Described from one female and two males collected by Mr.
Chas. Robertson and bearing his Nos. 9729 (type female), 9841
(allotype), 9730 (paratype).

This species is named in honor of the collector and is readily
distinguished from the other species by the elongate face.

Perilampus carinifrons n. sp.

Female: Length about 3.25 mm. Black, facial carina extending only
slightly below middle of anterior orbits; face smooth, malar space verti-
cally lineolate; antennae dark brown, scape black; ocellar triangle indis-
tinctly transversely rugulose, pro- and mesonotum coarsely rugoso-punctate,
inner edge of parapsidal areas with a broad smooth band; legs black, the
knees reddish, tarsi testaceous.

Male: Length about 2 mm. Similar to the female but the funicle fer-
ruginous beneath; the tibia? obscurely reddish.

Type-locality: Kerrville, Texas.

Other localities: Corpus Christi, Beeville, and Dallas, Tex:i<.

Described from four females and two males; types collected by
F. C. Pratt, June 19, 1907; two females from Corpus Chri-ti
collected October 16, 1908, by Messrs. J. D. Mitchell and F. C.

72 PROCEEDINGS ENTOMOLOGICAL SOCIETY

Bishopp; a male from Beeville, Texas, September 7, J. D.
Mitchell, collector; a female from Dallas, Texas, October 12,
1905, F. C. Bishopp, collector.

Type-specimen (female): Cat. No. 18300, U. S. N. M.

Perilampus bakeri n. sp.

Female: Length about 3 mm. Black, facial carina extending about to
level of insertion of antennae, below this the sides of face granular; posterior
orbits vertically lineolate ; face between carina and inner orbits very indis-
tinctly finely wrinkled, at upper end of orbit more granular; ocellar triangle
with a few transverse striae; antennae dark brown; pro- and mesonotum
coarsely rugoso-punctate, inner margin of parapsidal areas with a broad
smooth band; scutellum at apex sub-emarginate ; legs black, knees, bases
and apices of tibiae, a stripe on rear of front tibiae and all tarsi reddish
testaceous.

Male: Length about 3 mm. Similar to the female but the antennae
ferruginous beneath; the sculpture of the face stronger; the sides of the
face between the facial carinae finely vertically rugulose, between the carina
and the eye more distinctly sculptured than in female, the upper portion
being distinctly granular.

Type-locality: Colorado.

Type-specimen: Cat. No. 18301, U. S. N. M.

Described from four females and two males from the C. F. Baker
collection, type female bearing the No. 2044, the allotype No
1584, one female and one male paratypes No. 1591, one female,
No. 1596, and one, No. 1630.

Perilampus anomocerus n. sp.

Female: Length about 2 mm. Green, with the thorax above coppery
and the abdomen so dark as to appear almost black; face produced, the
malar furrow slightly longer than the width of the malar space at apex;
upper margin of the clypeus slightly below the level of the lower margin of
eyes; face rather densely pubescent, each hair situated in a distinct punc-
ture; anterior portion of the malar space smooth, posterior part vertically
rugulose; scape green, rest of antennae ferruginous, above brownish; ring-
joint distinctly as long as broad; mesonotum coarsely umbilicately punc-
tured, the punctures well separated especially along median line, the space
between the punctures finely lineolate; medial half of parapsidal areas
smooth, polished; wings hyaline, with a small indistinct brownish spot at
apex of submarginal vein; femora, except apices, greenish, tibiae and tarsi
reddish testaceous.

Allotype: Length about 2 mm. Similar to the female except in sec-
ondary sexual characters.

Type-locality: Colorado.

Type-specimen: Cat. No. 18302, U. S. N. M.

OF WASHINGTON, VOLUME XVI, 1914 73

Described from nine females and two males from a large scries
in the C. F. Baker collection, the types and one paratype female
with his No. 1584, the paratype male and one female with his
No. 2044, one No. 2084, one No. 2158, and four, No. 1591.

Perilampus similis n. sp.

Female: Length about 2 mm. Black, with a more or less distinct greenish
tinge on head and thorax; very similar to P. anomocerus, having a similar
produced face but the ring-joint very short, distinctly less than half as lon:
as broad; femora black, tibia? and tarsi reddish testaceous, the tibiae all
with a dark brown stripe above.

Type-locality: Colorado.
Type-specimen: Cat. No. 18303, U. S. N. M.
Described from four specimens from the C. F. Baker collection,
all bearing his No. 2041.

Perilampus chrysopae n. sp.

Female: Length about 2 mm. Green, malar furrow about half as long
as width of malar space at apex; upper part of face wrinkled; ocellar tri-
angle transversely rugose; scape greenish, flagellum ferruginous with the
base somewhat brownish; pro- and mesonotum coarsely, closely rugoso-
punctate, inner half of parapsidal areas smooth; scutellum at apex emar-
ginate; legs greenish, knees, bases and apical portion of tibiae and tarsi
testaceous.

Male: Length about 2 mm. Similar to the female but the sculpture of
the face much stronger and extending half way down anterior orbits;
antenna? above brown.

Type-locality: Batesburg, South Carolina.

Type-specimen: Cat. No. 18304, U. S. N. M.

Described from seven females and six males reared from cocoons
of Chrysopa sp. with the Bureau of Entomology, U . S. Department
of Agriculture Hunter No. 3414.

V

Perilampus granulosus n. sp.

Female: Length about 2 mm. Green, malar furrow almost as long as
the width of malar space at apex; flagellum ferruginous; pedicel brown;
scape with a distinct greenish tinge; pro- and mesonotum coarsely umbili-
cately punctured, the punctures well separated especially medially where
they are more than half a puncture width apart, the space between punctures
on rear of mesoscutum and on scutellum smooth; laterad on scutellum,
parapsidal areas and middle lobe of mesoscutum between the punct ures t he
surface is granular; inner edge of parapsidal areas with a broad smooth
band; femora brown, their apices, the tibia 1 , and tarsi reddish testaceous.

Male: Length about 2 mm. Similar to the female except in secondary

74 PROCEEDINGS ENTOMOLOGICAL SOCIETY

sexual characters but the granular areas on the mesonotum extend further
centrad.

Type-locality: Alabama.

Type-specimen: Cat. No. 18305, U. S. N. M.

Described from one female and two males from the C. F. Baker
collection; female with his No. 1967, allotype with his No. 2497,
and the paratype, No. 1912.

Perilampus canadensis n. sp.

Female: Length about 4mm. Black, with a distinct bronzy luster on
the mesonotum; antenna? dark, apically becoming obscurely ferruginous;
vertex produced, sharply angulated, appearing, unless examined closely,
carinate as in the species which have a facial carina; sides of face and ma-
lar space below with a few coarse punctures, malar furrow somewhat more
than half as long as width of malar space at apex; ocellar triangle trans-
versely rugulose; pro- and mesonotum coarsely, closely rugoso-punctate,
inner edge of parapsidal areas with a broad smooth band; legs black, tarsi
testaceous.

Male: Length about 4 mm. Similar to the female but more distinctly
bronzy, and the head bronzy; femora distinctly greenish; tibiae obscurely
ferruginous.

Type-locality: Canada.

Type-specimen: Cat. No. 18306, U. S. N. M. .

Described from one male and one female from the C. F. Baker
collection; the female with his No. 2021, the male, No. 2066.

This species, owing to the produced vertex, resembles the species
belonging to the other section of the genus but careful examina-
tion shows that the face bears no real carina, the sharp angu-
lation of the produced portion merely simulating a carina.

GENUS CHRYSOLAMPUS Spinola.

Doctor Ashmead considered Lamprostylus as a synonym of
Chrysolampus and this synonomy is here adopted. L.floridanus
Ashm., however, is a species of the genus Eurytoma, and is con-
sequently omitted.

TABLE OF SPECIES.

1. Mesoscutum and scutellum coarsely rugoso-punctate li/di n. sp.

Mesoscutum not as above, either with well separated punctures or finely

rugulose 2

2. Mesoscutum transversely rugulose sisymbrii Ashm.

Mesoscutum punctured 3

3. Scutellum parapsidal areas and pronotum above, except anteriorly,

almost entirely impunctured parcipunctatus n. sp.

Scutellum and pronotum almost covered with punctures. . .schivarzi n. sp.

OF WASHINGTON, VOLUME XVI, 1914 75

Chrysolampus lycti n. sp.

Female: Length about 2.75 mm. Dark bronzy with the head green and
the abdomen so dark as to appear almost black; sides of face below level of
insertion of antennse obliquely rugose, above smooth, rear of head circularly
rugose with the posterior orbits smooth; parapsidal areas smooth, the outer
margin with about two rows of very coarse punctures, sculpture of the
median lobe of mesoscutum and of scutellum is in reality umbilicate punc-
tures but they are so coarse and crowded as to become reticulately rugose ;
scutellum before apex with a transverse carina and back of this one row of
longitudinal carinse; propodeum reticulately rugose, medially with a longi-
tudinal carina; femora brown, with a greenish luster, posterior ones more
green; knees, tibiae and tarsi reddish testaceous, the posterior tibia? brown
except bases and apices; abdomen smooth.

Male: Length about 2.5 mm. Similar to the female but the face above
level of insertion of antennae is vertically rugulose.

Type-locality: Top of the Alleghanies, Pocahontas County*
West Virginia.

Host: Lyctus striatus.

Type-specimen: Cat. No. 18307, U. S. N. M.

Described from one female and seven males collected by Dr.
A. D. Hopkins and recorded under his West Virginia note No. 5781.

This is the species recorded in Bulletin 32, West Virginia Agri-
cultural Experiment Station by Dr. A. D. Hopkins as Perilampus
hyalinus Say, the determination being made by Doctor Ashmead.

Chrysolampus parcipunctatus n. sp.

Female: Length about 3 mm. Green, face below level of insertion of
antennas with fine oblique striae which at insertion of antennse curve ami
extend upward for a short distance but are much more indistinct than the
oblique portion; face with large scattered punctures; posterior surface of
head very finely circularly striate ; pronotum with scattered large punctures,
viewed from above the visible portion except at extreme base almost im-
punctured; middle lobe of mesoscutum basally transversely rugulose and
with scattered large punctures; parapsidal areas with a few punctures out-
wardly and a few along inner line; scutellum with a few large punctures
basally and along lateral margins; propodeum with medial longitudinal
carinae, very finely substransversely rugulose ; petiole about as long as pro-
podeum, with a median longitudinal carina, the sculpture about as coarse
as that on propodeum; coxa? and femora green; apices of femora, tibia- and
tarsi reddish testaceous, tibiae with a brownish spot medially.

Type-locality: Los Angeles County, California.
Type-specimen: Cat. No. 18309, U. S. N. M.
Described from one specimen collected in April.

76 PROCEEDINGS ENTOMOLOGICAL SOCIETY

Chrysolampus schwarzi n. sp.

Female: Length 4 mm. Green, face above level of insertion of antennae
vertically rugulose, at insertion of antenna? curving inward and becoming
oblique, the face also having scattered punctures; the clypeus smooth with
a few scattered punctures; vertical striae on face reaching almost to level
of anterior ocellus, above this the face smooth except for the scattered punc-
tures; rear of head semicircularly rugulose; pronotum with coarse punctures
separated by about half a puncture width; middle lobe of mesoscutum at
extreme base transversely rugulose, rest of surface with punctures about
as close as on pronotum and between them the surface on the anterior part
transversely rugulose; parapsidal areas anteriorly transversely rugulose
with scattered large punctures; scutellum with large punctures but with
the medium line almost impunctured; propodeum irregularly rugulose,
petiole about as long as the propodeum, with a median longitudinal carina,
surface irregularly rugose; coxae and femora green, tibia bronzy with the
bases and apices reddish testaceous.

Type-locality: Wasatch, Utah.

Described from two specimens collected June 27, 1891, by Mr.
E. A. Schwarz.

Type-specimen: Cat. No. 18308. U. S. N. M.

The manuscript name used by Doctor Ashmead is adopted.

O. M. REUTER.

BY OTTO HEIDEMANN, Bureau of Entomology.

Dr. 0. M. Reuter, entomologist, poet and philosopher, one of
our foremost hemipterists, died on September 2, 1913, in Abo,
Finland, his native town, at the age of sixty-three years.

Five years before his death his eyesight became impaired and
during the last two years he was totally blind. Ih spite of fail-
ing eyesight he contemplated new studies in some groups of the
Hemiptera and finished some of his manuscripts with the aid of
his assistant, Dr. B. Poppius.

In his last letter written in September, 1912, Doctor Reuter
said: "I intend to finish my work on the Termatophylidse and
have the paper published in Wytsman's Genera Insectorum,
also the genera of Cimicidse."

His chief study was the large and very difficult family of the
Capsidae (or Miridse of some authors). Besides numerous False-
arctic species, he described 56 new species of North American
Capsids as early as 1875, and 78 more new species in his publication
on Neartic Capsidse in 1909. In 1905, appeared his classification
of the Capsidae (Hemipterologische Speculationen) ; but the

OF WASHINGTON, VOLUME XVI, 1914 77

most important work he published in recent years was an essay
written in German "Neue Beitrage zur Phylogenie and Systematik
der Miriden, 1910."

He described many North and South American, Mexican and
West Indian Capsidse and some new North American species of
the families Pentatomidse, Anthocoridse, Nabidse and Reduvid;r.

It was his good fortune to possess great energy and working
power, which enabled him, while performing his duties as an
instructor in zoology at the University of Helsingfors, to publish
nearly 500 papers upon the subject of entomology.

The following is a list of papers on American Hemiptera pub-
lished by Doctor Reuter :

Acanthiidae americanse. Ofv. K. Vet. Ak. Forh., 1871, p. 557-568.
Capsinae ex America boreali in Museo Holmiensi asservatae. Ofv. K. Vet.

Ak. Forh., 1875, no. 9, Stockholm.
Monographia generis Oncocephalus proximeque affinium. Act. Soc. Sc.

Fenn., xn, 1883, pp. 675-758.
Monographia Anthocoridarum orbis terrestris. Act. Soc. Sc. Fenn., xiv,

1884, pp. 555-758.
Monographia Ceratocombidarum orbis terrestris. Act. Soc. Sc. Fenn.,

xix, no. 3, 1891, p. 28.
Voyage de M. E. Simon au Venezuela. Ann. Soc. Ent. Fr., XLI, 1892, pp.

391-402.
Zur Kenntniss der Capsiden Gattung Fulvius Stal. Ent. Tidskr., xvi,

1895, pp. 129-154.
Species palaearcticse generis Acanthia Fabr. Latr. Act. Soc. Sc. Fenn.,

xxi, no. 2, 1895.

Miscellanea Hemipterologica. Ofv. Fin. Vet. Soc. Forh., 1902, pp. 141-188.
Monographia Generis Heteropterorum Phimodera Germ. Act. Soc. Sc.

Fenn., xxxm, no. 8, 1905.
Hemipterologische Speculationen 1 (Die Klassification der Capsiden).

Festschrift fur Palmen, no. 1, Helsingfors, 1905.
Capsidse Stalianse secundum specimina typica redescriptae I, II. Ofv.

Fin. Vet. Soc. Forh., no. 12, 1905.
Capsidse in Venezuela a Fr. Meinert collectae enumeratse novseque species

descriptae. Ofv. Fin. Vet. Soc. Forh., no. 20, 1905.
Capsidse novae in insula Jamaica. Ofv. Fin. Vet. Soc. Forh., XLIX, 1906-

1907, no. 5.
Capsidse in Brasilia collectae. Annalen des K. K. Naturhistorischen Hof-

museums, Bd. xxu, Heft. 1, 1907.
Eine neotropische Capside als Orchideenschadling in Europiiischen Warm-

hausern. Zeitschrift fiir wissenschaftliche Insectenbiologie, Bd. in,

1. Folge, Bd. xn, 1907, Heft. 8, pp. 251-254.
En nordamerikansk hemipter funnen in Norge. Ent. Tidskr., xxvm,

1907, pp. 81-82.

78 PROCEEDINGS ENTOMOLOGICAL SOCIETY

Capsidae tres cubanae. Capsidae mexicanae. Capsidae quinque novae in

Tombillo (Chile) lectae. Annalen das K. K. Naturhistorischen Hof-

museums, Bd. xxn, 1907.
Capsidae Argentinae. Ofv. Fin. Vet. Soc. Forh., LI, 1908-1909, Afd. A. no.

13.
Genera quatuor nova divisionis Capsidarum Restheniaria. Ofv. Fin.

Vet. Soc. Forh., LI, 1908-1909, no. 24.
Capsidae tres novae in Brasilia a R. F. Sahlberg collectae. Ofv. Fin. Vet.

Soc. F6rh., LI, 1908-1909, no. 25.
Anthocoridae novas, III Regio neotropica. Ofv. Fin. Vet. Soc. Forh., LI,

1908-1909, no. 26.
Hemispha?rodella mirabilis n. gen. et sp. Wiener Entomologische Zeitung,

xxvii, Jahrg., Heft, ix and x, 1908.
Bemerkungen iiber Nabiden nebst Beschreibung neuer Arten. Memoires

de la Societe entomologique de Belgique, Tom. xv, 1908.
Bemerkungen iiber Nearctischc Capsiden nebst Beschreibung neuer Arten.

Act. Soc. Sc. Fenn., Tom. xxxvi, no. 2, 1909.
Monographia Nabidarum orbis Terrestris (O. M. Reuter et B. Poppius),

Pars prior cum Tabula colorata. Act. Soc. Sc. Fenn., Tom. xxxvn, no.

2, 1909.
Neue Beitrage zur Phylogenie and Systematik der Miriden. Act. Soc. Sc.

Fenn., Tom. xxxvii, no. 3, 1910.
Diagnoses praecursoriae Miridarum Divisionis Restheniaria. Annales

Musei Nationalis Hungarici, vm, 1910.
Bemerkungen iiber mein neues Heteropterensystem. Ofv. Fin. Vet. Soc.

Forh., Bd. LIV, 1911-1912, no. 6.
Tfemipterologische. Miscellen. Ofv. Fin. Vet. Soc. Forh., Bd. LIV, 1911-

1912, no. 7.
Zur generischen Teilung der palaearctischen and nearktischen Acanthiaden.

Ofv. Fin. Vet. Soc. Forh, Bd. LIV, 1911-1912, no. 12.
tiber Sixeonotus luteiceps Reut., und Beschreibung einer neuen Bryocorine

(Hem. Het.). Annales de la Soc. Ent. de Belgique, Tom. LVII, 1913.

A NEW SPECIES OF THE BRACONID GENUS PHANEROTOMA

WESMAEL.

BY R. A. CTJSHMAN, Bureau of Entomology.

Phanerotoma recurvariae n. sp.

Female: Length 3 mm. Flavous, somewhat paler medially on first and
second tergites, wings hyaline. Face, vertex and posterior orbits finely
shagreened, clypeus smooth, somewhat paler than face, outline laterally
and apically with brown, the suture straight, mandibles pale outlines and
tipped with brown; occiput behind ocelli finely, transversely striate; eyes
large, the malar space hardly one-fourth- as long as the greatest diameter

OF WASHINGTON, VOLUME XVI, 1914 79

of the eyes, ocelli situated in a blackish spot; antenna? navous with dark
tips, scape large, as long as pedicel and first flagcllar joint together, last
four joints of flagellum bead-like; thorax finely shagreened and clothed
with short, fine, silvery pubescence ; propodeum with an irregular transverse
carina and an indistinct triangular areola, the posterior face irregularly,
longitudinally striate; wings hyaline, veins brown except in middle of wing,
where they are pale, stigma and parastigma pale more or less infuscatrd
behind; coxa?, trochanters, tibia? basally, and anterior femora whitish,
apical tarsal joints blackish, apex of posterior tibiae somewhat infuscated,
legs otherwise concolorous with the body; carapace except apically on the
third tergite distinctly, coarsely, longitudinally striate, apically and be-
tween the stria? shagreened, deeply, roundly emarginate at apex, venter
whitish.

Male: Differs from the female principally in having the scape relatively
shorter, the flagellar joints beyond the middle longer, and the emargina-
tion of the carapace less pronounced.

Type: Cat. U. S. Nat. Mus. No. 18417.

Type-locality: Benton Harbor, Michigan.

Host: Recurvaria nanella Hiibn.

Described from four females and four males reared June 24,
1913 by J. H. Paine of the Bureau of Entomology, under Quaint-
ance No. 10602.

Dr. J. M. Aldrich addressed the Society informally on the use
by Indians of the west of larvae of a species of the genus Coloradia
as food, and exhibited specimens.

CONCERNING SOME APHELININ/E. 1

BY L. O. HOWARD.
GENUS MESIDIA Foerster.
Mesidia Foerster. Hymenopterologische Studien, Heft. 2, 1856, p. 30.

The genus Mesidia was founded by Foerster on page 30 of his
Hymenopterological Studies, second part (1856) but he mentioned
no species. Kirchner, in his Catalogue of the Hymenoptera of
Europe (1867) lists, on page 143, Mesidia pallida Kirch., and in
a footnote states that as Foerster founded the genus and kept
his species in manuscript which was never published he takes the
liberty of giving a specific name to help establish the genus. In
this condition the genus rested until 1904, when Gustav Mayr

1 Presented at the meeting of April 2, 1914.

80 PROCEEDINGS ENTOMOLOGICAL SOCIETY

described Mesidia pwnila in the third number of his Hymenop-
terological Miscellanies from a specimen taken by Doctor Foer-
ster, and this may have been the type of the genus for all we know
to the contrary. Mayr does not mention whether the club of
the antenna is solid or is jointed. Ashmead, in his Classification
of the Chalcid Flies, assumes that it is solid and gives the antennae
of Mesidia as six-jointed. In Technical Series No. 12, part IV,
New Genera and Species of Aphelininse, the writer described
Mesidia mexicana n. sp., and erroneously, in his table of genera,
stated that* the antennae are seven-jointed; the same error was
perpetuated in the figure. Reexamination of the type shows that
the antennae are really eight-jointed, the club being distinctly
three-jointed.

The matter now becomes complicated from the finding of a
single slide of a Mesidia-like form bred by Prof. C. P. Gillette at
Fort Collins, Colorado, from Brachycolus tritici, which possesses
all of the characters of Mesidia with the exception that the club
is solid.

Inasmuch as Mayr did not state in so many words that the an-
tennal club of M. pwnila is solid, although the presumption would
be in favor of solidity, the writer by letter begged his friend,
Dr. Anton Handlirsch of the Vienna Museum, to which insti-
tution Mayr's collection went after his lamented death, to examine
the type, with the result that Handlirsch found the club to be
solid. Therefore the species named by Gillette is a true Mesidia
(and is described below), while the writer's Mesidia mexicana
becomes the type of a new genus which is also here described under
the nam'e Dirphys.

Mesidia gillettei n. sp.

Female: Length 1.02 mm. ; expanse 2.77 mm. ; greatest width of fore-wing
0.44 mm. General color dull honey-yellow, legs and antennae concolorous
with body or perhaps a little lighter, the 2 terminal tarsal sclerites of each
leg darker. Pedicel and first and second funicle joints subequal in length,
third funicle joint somewhat shorter; club about as long as second and
third funicle joints together, somewhat laterally pointed at apex when seen
at side; eyes hairy. Wings broad, veins distinctly honey-yellow, stigmal
vein very short; oblique hairless streak broad and distinct, widening some-
what towards base. Abdomen ovate, a trifle broader than thorax and about
as long; ovipositor not exserted.

Male: Unknown.

Type: No. 18322, U. S. N. M.

Described from a single female reared by C. P. Gillette, October
13, 1908, from Brachycolus tritici, presumably at Fort Collins,
Colorado.

OF WASHINGTON, VOLUME XVI, 1914 81

DIRPHYS new g^nus.

Type: Mesidia mexicana How. Tech. Ser. 'No. 12, pt. IV,
Bureau of Ent., U. S. Dept. of Agr., p. 74, 1907.

Female: Antennae eight-jointed, markedly clavate, club distinctly three-
jointed; the three funicle joints about equal in length, but increasing in
width from one to three. Eyes hairy. Mesoscutellum transverse, broader
than long. Fore-wings broad, with a broad distinct oblique hairless line;
submarginal vein unusually broad, stigmal very short and without knob.
Hind femora somewhat swollen. Abdomen triangular in shape seen from
above, ovipositor well exserted.

It should be explained that the figure accompanying the original
description of D. (Mesidia) mexicana, the artist, working without
supervision, being confused by the presence on the same slide of
fragments of what appears to be a Coccophagus, the antennae in
particular are entirely erroneous. The description of the antennae
is also obviously that of the other insect. In the true Dirphys
mexicana the antennae are pallid with the club faintly yellowish.

GENUS PARAPHELINUS Perkins.

Paraphelinus Perkins. Bull. 1. part 6, Report of Work of the Experiment
Station of the Hawaiian Sugar Planters Assoc., Honolulu, January,
1906, p. 264.

Type : P. xiphidii Perk. Loc. cit.

Perkins's P. xiphidii was reared from the eggs of Xiphidiunt
varipenne Swezey. The only other species so far discovered,
viz.: P. speciosissimus Girault (Journ. N. Y. Ent. Soc., 1911, p.
181) and P. australiensis Girault (Archiv fur Naturgeschichte,
1913, pp. 74-75, Ab. A. 6 heft), were both described from single
captured specimens, so that their host relations are unknown.
The receipt of the new species here described from Mr. P. L.
Guppy of Trinidad, who reared it from the eggs of the sugar cane
leaf-hopper, Tomaspis varia, makes it probable that all species of
this interesting genus are parasites in the eggs of Orthoptera and
Homoptera that are inserted in twigs or canes. This would be
an unique feature in Aphelinine biology (the other forms all
ovipositing only in Coccidae, Aphididse and Aleyrodidae) were it
not for the old disputed species Agonioneurus locustan/n/ Giraud
(placed in Aphelmus by Dalla Torre) and which was described
by Dr. J. Giraud in his Memoir on the insects which live upon the
common rose (Verb. d. Zool.-Bot. ges. Wien., vol. 18, ISO)}, pp.
1278-1279) and which he reared from the eggs of Xiptiid/utn
fuscurn F. It seems to me quite possible that in the old A . lucu*-
tarum we may have another species of / J <//v//>//r//////N. There is

PROCEEDINGS ENTOMOLOGICAL SOCIETY

nothing in the original description which would seriously deny
this guess, except the absence of the hairless discal streak on the
primaries, and this is obscure in the species about to be described.

Paraphelinus tomaspidis n. sp.

Female: Length 0.57 mm. ; expanse 1.15 mm. ; greatest width of fore-wing
0.153 mm. General color dull honey-yellow, legs and antennae pallid.
Pedicel longer than third funicle joint; first and second funicle joints to-
gether equaling length of third, and both set somewhat obliquely when
seen from side; club longer than the three funicle joints and slightly hooked
at tip, as indicated in Perkins's figure of the antenna of P. xiphidii. Wings
hyaline; oblique hairless streak below stigma indistinct and incomplete.
Ovipositor well exserted.

Male: Unknown.

Described from two female specimens reared from eggs of
Tomaspis varia by P. L. Guppy, Trinidad.

Type: No. 18321, U. S. N. M.

Mr. Guppy writes that only three specimens were reared, and
that the species is extremely active, "running backwards and
forwards all the time."

GENUS PHYSCUS Howard.

TABLE OF SPECIES.

1. Mesoscutellum much longer than wide gracilis n. sp.

Mesoscutellum at least as wide as long .2

2. Antennal club concolorous with two preceding sclerites. . .stanfordi n. sp.
Club dark brown, preceding sclerites yellow or white 3

3. Mesoscutum with minute punctures testaceus Masi

Mesoscutum longitudinally shagreened 4

4. Light yellow in color with cross banded abdomen flavidus Zehnt.

Thorax dark brown, abdomen yellow with brown sides, .flaviventris How.
Dark in general color .5

5. Scutellum with 2 light round spots surrounded with a rosette of sha-

greenings . . fijiensis n. sp.

Such spots not evident 6

6. Marginal vein distinctly yellow townsendi n. sp.

Marginal vein slightly dusky, not yellow varicornis How.

GENUS PHYSCUS Howard.

Physcus Howard. Tech. Ser. 1, U. S. Dept. Agr., Div. of Ent,, 1895, p. 43.
Type: Physcus varicornis (How.), Coccophagus varicornis How. Ann.
Kept. Dept. Agr., 1880, p. 360.

OF WASHINGTON, VOLUME XVI, 1914 83

i
Physcus fijiensis n. sp.

Female: Length 1.1 mm.; expanse 2.17 mm.; greatest width of fore-wing
0.374 mm. Body rather stout, two and one-half times longer than broad;
head nearly half as long as thorax, abdomen slightly longer than thorax,
wings reaching well behind tip of abdomen, and about as broad as thorax.
Mesoscutellum about as long as broad, well rounded caudad and roundly
constricted cephalad. Mesoscutum and scutellum strongly longitudinally
shagreened, scutellum with two round spots from each of which the sha-
green cells radiate like a rosette. Stigmal vein slender with only a slight
knob. General color dark brown, metanotum and center of abdomen
dark yellowish, funicle joints two and three of the antennae white, tip of
club whitish, remainder of antenna? nearly black; middle legs yellowish,
hind legs light yellowish; front femora and tibia? brown. Wings hyaline.

Described from seven female specimens reared by Albert Koebele,
October 24, 1899, Sava, Fi ji, from an A spidiotus on a semi-climbing
rutaceous vine.

Type: No. 18317, U. S. N. M.

This species will probably, in large series, be found to vary in
thoracic coloration since in two of the specimens the mesoscutd-
lum has a central longitudinal yellowish stripe, while the meso-
scutum has two such stripes parallel the one to the other.

Physcus gracilis n. sp.

Female: Length 0.918 mm.; expanse 1.97 mm.; greatest width of fore-
wing 0.289 mm. Body slender, thorax more than twice as long as broad;
mesoscutellum elongate, longer than broad, scapula impinging on a straight
line; fore-wings long, extending when closed very considerably beyond the
tip of the abdomen, the stigmal vein just about reaching the abdomen tip.
Mesoscutum very faintly longitudinally shagreened; stigmal vein very
slightly enlarged at tip. General color reddish yellow, lighter at tip of
abdomen and deeper and darker at front border of mesoscutum ; legs con-
colorous with body; scape, pedicel and funicle joints 2 and 3 of the antennse
white, first funicle joint and club dark brown.

Described from seven females from Perth, West Australia, Geo.
Compere (Compere's No. 981) and one from ,s \vau River, West
Australia (Compere's No. 810). Apparently reared from a
Lepidosaphes.

Type: No. 18318, U. S. N. M.

Physcus townsendi n. sp.

Female: Length 0.986 mm.; expanse 2.07 mm.; greatest width of fore-
wing 0.374 mm. A stout-bodied form with ovipositor well cxtnidrd.
Mesoscutellum wider than long, sharply angled against scapula? and scutum.
Mesonotum faintly longitudinally shagreened. Stigmal club largi-r than

84 PROCEEDINGS ENTOMOLOGICAL SOCIETY

with preceding species, no trace of a postmarginal. General color dark
brown, nearly black, opaque; hind coxae whitish; all femora and tibiae
dark brown, light at extremities, except middle tibiae of which the apical
half is yellowish; all tarsi yellowish except the brown terminal segments.
Wings hyaline, marginal vein distinctly yellow; antenna) white with first
funicle joint and club black.

Described from one female, reared by C. H. T. Townsend at
Lima, Peru (Townsend's No. 1145 degree 3a), December 31, 1909.
Type: No. 18319, U. S. N. M.

Physcus stanfordi n. sp.

Female: Length 1.1 mm.; expanse 2.07 mm.; greatest width of fore-wing
0.289 mm. A rather slender, elongate form with mesoscutellum rather
longer than broad and with the line of impingement of scapulae on scutellum
rounded at anal angle. Mesoscutum and mesoscutellum faintly longitu-
dinally reticulate. General color brown, the abdomen cross-banded with
darker brown. Antennal scape brown, pedicel brown above at base, light
yellow below; funicle joint one brown, remainder of flagellum, including
club somewhat dusky (no contrast between segments two and three and the
club such as occurs with other species). Legs colored as with preceding
species. Wings hyaline, veins slightly dusky, stigmal vein very slightly
enlarged at tip.

Described from one female specimen reared March 22, 1902, by
G. A. Coleman of Stanford University from his Leucaspis kelloggi.
Type: No. 18320, U. S. N. M.

GENUS AZOTUS Howard.

Azotus Howard. Proc. Ent. Soc. Washington, iv, 2, 1898, p. 138.
Type: A. marchali How., loc. cit., p. 139.

Since I described the genus Azotus in the Proceedings of this
Society in 1898, four species in addition to the type have been
found and described, viz.: A. capensis How., A. pinifolice Mercet,
A. pulchriceps Zehntner, and A. speciosissimus Gir. All have
been reared from Coccidae except the last which was captured.
The recorded distribution of the genus is France, Spain, Australia,
Java, South Africa and Japan. It is probably of oriental origin
and imported into Europe. Specimens of A. marchali have been
reared in the Bureau of Entomology by Mr. J. F. Zimmer from
Aspidiotus uvcc Comst. collected in the District of Columbia, so
that this species has probably become widely spread.

In a lot of reared parasites received a few years ago from Mr.
S. I. Kuwana, of Tokio, the following new species was found.

OF WASHINGTON, VOLUME XVI, 1!14

S.j

Fig. 1. Azotus chionaspidis, right fore-wing, greatly enlarged.

Azotus chionaspidis n. sp.

Female: Length, exclusive of ovipositor, 0.61 mm.; expanse 1.19 mm.;
greatest width of fore-wing 0.136 mm. General color dull light brown;
mesoscutum and scutellum lustrous metallic green, shagreened; head
from above lighter than rest of body; eyes bright red; funicle joints two
and four silvery white, rest of antennae dark brown; all legs brown, lighter
at knees, middle tibiae lighter towards tip, tarsi white with terminal joint
dusky. Fore-wings irregularly infuscated as in accompanying figure which
also shows the distribution of bristles and discal cilia; hind-wings slightly
infuscated for basal half.

Male: Unknown.

Described from a single female reared by Prof. S. I. Kuwana,
Tokio, Japan, August 17, 1909, from Chionaspis difficilis.
Type: No. 18323, U. S. N. M.

NEW PARASITIC HYMENOPTERA FROM BRITISH GUIANA.

BY J. C. CRAWFORD, U. S. National Museum.

(Telenomus) Prophanurus minutissimus Ashmead.

A large series of this species was bred from the eggs of Lycophotia
infecta, in British Guiana, by Mr. G. E. Bodkin. When the
species was originally described the host was given as Dactylopin*
species; this record is very probably erroneous as the species of
this group, so far as they have been bred, are egg parasites.

Prophanurus alecto n. sp.

Female: Length about 0.7 mm. Black, with flattened form, the vertex
horizontal, posterior orbits broad, not (-urinate; antenna- reddish-testaceous,
the pedicel about as long as the first two joints of the funicle combined,

86 PROCEEDINGS ENTOMOLOGICAL SOCIETY

the first three joints of funicle subquadrate, the fourth transverse, the club
five jointed; mesoscuturn rather coarsely and closely punctured; scutellum
similarly punctured but the disk smooth and polished; legs brown with the
bases and apices of femora and tibiae, and the tarsi entirely, lighter; first
abdominal segment striate at base, second with a basal row of pits and
beyond this a few short strise medially.

Male: Length about 0.7 mm. Similar to the female ; the antennae flavous,
pedicel longer than first joint of funicle; the first three joints of funicle
almost subequal in length, slightly longer than broad; the following joints
transverse, the last conical; legs, except coxae, flavous, the femora slightly
infuscated; striae on second abdominal segment beyond the basal pits,
longer and more numerous than in female.

Type-locality: Plantation La Bonne Intention, British Guiana.
Other locality: Plantation Oitvlugt, British Guiana.

Host: Eggs of Diatrcea saccharalis.

The series from the type locality contains six females and one
male with the date February 2, 1913; from the other locality one
female and eight males, with the date January 31, 1913, all col-
lected by Mr. G. E. Bodkin.

Type: Cat. No. 18170, U. S. N. M.

This species is near to (Telenomus) Prophanurus impressus
Ashmead to which it runs in his table 1 but differs in the flattened
head and the dark legs of the female, etc.

Prophanurus thais n. sp.

Female: Length about 0.9 mm. Black, the legs, except the dark front
coxae, testaceous; head transverse, the posterior orbits very narrow, cari-
nate; face reticulated; scape testaceous, funicle light brown, becoming
darker apically; club five-jointed, dark brown; pedicel and first joint of
funicle subequal in length, following joints of funicle subquadrate; meso-
scutum with coarse punctures, the extreme rear smooth, the scutellum
smooth; first abdominal segment rugose almost to apex, second segment
with basal row of pits but beyond them smooth.

Male: Length about 0.9 mm. Similar to the female, the antennae testa-
ceous shading into brown on apical half of funicle ; pedicel about as long as
third joint of funicle, distinctly shorter than the first, the first and second
subequal; fourth joint of funicle longer than broad, the following joints
subquadrate; the last twice as long as broad.

Type-locality: Georgetown, British Guiana. Described from
15 specimens bred July 7, 1912, from the eggs of a large pentatomid
by Mr. G. E. Bodkin.

Type: Cat. No. 18171, U. S. N. M.

1 Journ. Linn. Soc. Lond., 2, vol. xxv, 1894, pp. 201-203.

OF WASHINGTON, VOLUME XVI, 1914 87

Aphanurus bodkini n. sp.

Female: Length 2 mm. Black, the face finely reticulated and with
sparse large punctures; the antennal scrobes transversely rugose, the ver-
tex carinate, the carina on each side extending down the posterior orbits;
scape, pedicel, and first joint of funicle reddish honey-color, the rest of the
antennae dark brown, the club composed of six segments; first joint of funi-
cle longer than the pedicel; second joint subquadrate, the third transverse;
rnesoscutum and scutellum irregularly rugose; the scutellum with a row of
pits at apex; metanotum with a middle raised area extending over the pro-
podeum and carinate at apex; this area with three or four longitudinal cari-
inae; the legs, except the black coxa?, entirely reddish honey-color; first
abdominal segment with strong carina) extending to apex, the second seg-
ment slightly wider than long, at base with a row of pits, beyond finely
longitudinally rugose for about two-thirds its length.

Male: Length 1.75 mm. Similar to the female but the antennas and
legs more yellowish, third joint of antennas twice as long as pedicel, strongly
clavate, fourth and fifth joints also clavate, sixth and following joints
distinctly narrower than the fifth and successively narrowing making the
antennae distinctly attenuate.

Described from eighteen females and two males from British
Guiana, bred October 9, 1913, from the eggs of Empicoris variolo-
sus by Mr. G. E. Bodkin.

Type: Cat. No. 18174, U. S. N. M.

Chalcis pandora n. sp.

Female: Length about 5 mm. Black, head and dorsum of thorax
coarsely umbilicately punctured; carina at the front of the malar space
running direct to the eye; scutellum with the apical edge rather strongly
produced and flat, the plate covered by yellowish pubescence; tegulae
white; legs black; apical half front femora and front tibiae, except a spot
on middle of lower side, light yellowish; mid-femora at apex and the mid-
tibise, except an elongated black stripe on lower side, light yellowish; hind
femora with light yellowish spot at apex; hind tibiae above with a light
yellowish stripe narrowed medially; tarsi, except apices, light yellowish;
lower margin of hind femora near base with a large tooth and between this
and the apex about eight or nine small teeth; inner side of hind femora finely
punctured, the lower margin near the middle with a distinct tubercle;
hind coxae on inner side below with a distinct tubercle near middle; first
abdominal segment smooth, the following segments finely punctured anl
with sparse light yellowish hairs becoming more abundant toward apex
of abdomen.

Male: Length about 4.5 mm. Similar to the female except for secondary
sexual characters.

88 PROCEEDINGS ENTOMOLOGICAL SOCIETY

Described from six specimens from British Guiana, bred April
19, 1913, from larva of a hesperid by Mr. G. E. Bodkin.

Type: Cat. No. 18175, U. S. N. M.

Among the secondary sexual characters in this genus, are the
tubercles on the hind-coxae and on the lower inner margin of hind
femora, so these characters mentioned for the female will not be
found in the male.

Holcencyrtus calypso n. sp.

Female: Length about 0.87 mm. Face bronzy aeneous, frons greenish;
mesoscutum green, scutellum bronzy aeneous with the apex green; abdomen
aeneous; face and frons reticulate, vertex sharply carinate behind; lateral
ocelli about their own width from eye margin; face produced below, the
malar space being almost as long as the eye; antennae dark brown, clavate;
funicular joints subquadrate, the pedicel as long as joints one and two of
funicle combined; club about as long as the last three joints of funicle com-
bined; mesoscutum and scutellum reticulate, the former more distinctly
and coarsely so; scutellum with a distinct medial longitudinal depression
at base ; wings hyaline ; legs brown, knees, tibiae at apices and tarsi reddish-
testaceous.

Described from many specimens from British Guiana, bred
July 20, 1913, from the larvae" of Calpodes ethlius by Mr. G. E.
Bodkin.

Type: Cat. No. 18172, U. S. N. M.

Elachertus meridionalis n. sp.

Female: Length 1.75 mm. Black, the head with green and purplish
tints, the abdomen with a large whitish spot near base; frons finely
lineolate and with a few scattered, large punctures; scape testaceous, pedi-
cel light brown, rest of antennae dark brown; first joint of funicle longer
than pedicel; mesoscutum finely irregularly rugose, almost obscuring the
parapsidal furrows; axillae finely lineolate; scutellum finely longitudinally
aciculate; metanotum long, smooth; propodeum about twice as long as the
metanotum, with a strong median carina; legs whitish, the coxae almost
entirely brown, the hind femora and hind tibiae with about the apical half
brown.

Male: Length 1.5 mm. Similar to the female but with less intense brown
on the hind femora and tibiae.

Described from eighteen specimens from British Guiana, reared
August 20, 1913, from the larvae of Calpodes ethlius by G. A.
Bodkin.

Type: Cat. No. 18173, U. S. N. M.

OF WASHINGTON, VOLUME XVI, 1914

89

DESCRIPTION OF A NEW SPECIES OF AGROMYZA FROM PORTO

RICO.

BY J. R. MALLOCH.
Agromyza insequalis n. sp.

Mole: Black. Frons opaque, brown-black on center stripe, shining-
black on frontal triangle and orbits, the former subtriangular and n<.t reach-
ing to middle of frons; viewed from the side the frontal stripe shows slighl
signs of whitish pollen; the frontal lunule is distinctly white pollinose as
seen from above; antennae black, arista concolorous; proboscis yell.. \\ Hi
at apex, palpi black; cheeks black; mesonotum rather glossy black, with a
slight bluish tinge; pleurae and scutellum concolorous, the former very
slightly whitish pollinose. Abdomen glossy black, with a very decided blue-
green luster. Legs wholly black. Squamae whitish yellow, fringe concolor-
ous. Wings clear, veins black. Halteres whitish yellow, the stalk yellow.

Fig. 1. Agromyza incequalis n. sp.

Frons slightly over one-third the width of head, very slightly converg-
ing anteriorily; orbits distinct, each slightly less than half as wide as fron-
tal stripe; four pairs of orbital bristles present, the upper one in almost
transverse line with the anterior angle of frontal triangle, very weak, the
second about twice as long and very strong, the third much weaker, but
still stronger than the upper, and the anterior pair of about the same
strength as the upper, or posterior, pair; a few weak, scattered hairs present
on orbits between the bristles and the eye margin; vertical bristles strong;
antennae moderate in size, situated about middle of head in profile, third
joint rounded, the pubescence very short; arista thickened at base, taper-
ing, its length equal to from its base to the upper orbital bristle, pubescence
very indistinct; cheek very short and narrow, less than one-sixth the height
of eye and almost as high as long; marginal bristles dist met but not numer-

90 PROCEEDINGS ENTOMOLOGICAL SOCIETY

ous; vibrissa well differentiated; face in profile slightly retreating, mouth
margin not produced; mesonotum with two pairs of strong dorso-centrals,
the anterior pair placed far forward, generally about three-fourths of the
distance to the suture; sometimes there is a setula anterior to this bristle
but it cannot be considered as a dorso-central; the pair of bristles between
the posterior dorso-centrals is distinct but rather weak; discal hairs weak,
but numerous, about ten to twelve rows between the dorso-centrals. Abdo-
men ovate, tapering towards apex; surface hairs numerous but not bristle-
like; hypopygium small; legs rather stout; mid-tibia with the posterior
bristles well developed and rather closely placed, the upper one distinctly
the longest. Wings as figure. Length 2 to 2.5 mm.

Female: Similar to the male in all particulars except the ovipositor
which is rather short and of the normal form, not projecting further than
the length of last abdominal segment.

Type-locality: Rio Piedras, Porto Rico, December 2, 1913
(T. H. Jones), Porto Rico Sugar Growers' Association, Accession
No. 983, 1913. Three males and one female. Reared from Vigna
repens (?).

Type: Male, deposited in U. S. National Museum, Washing-
ton, D. C. This species will run down to viridula Coq. in the
synoptic table of this genus in my recent paper in the Annals
of the Entomological Society of America, but the very marked
difference in the size of the orbital bristles should readily separate
it from that species, and also from dubitata Malloch, which it also
resembles very closely. In general appearance this species re-
sembles closely the species belonging to the virens group, but the
pale halteres may be readily used as a means for separation.

FOUR NEW SPECIES OF TACHINID^ FROM NORTH AMERICA.

BY W. R. WALTON, Bureau of Entomology.

PoLYCHiETONEURA new genus.

Body with true macrochsetse, palpi normal, proboscis short fleshy, fir^t,
third and fifth veins all bearing closely set black setulae for at least two-
thirds their lengths. Ocellar bristles present normal, facial ridges bristly
on lowest fifth only. Arista pubescent, second joint slightly longer than
broad. Apical cell entering costa at extreme tip of wing, fourth vein
rounded in a circle of large radius, posterior cross vein straight, approxi-
mating 90 degrees of angle, entering fourth vein midway to bend. Costal
spine small. Head much shorter at vibrissse than at base of antennae.
Face on lower half of sides, bare. Third antennal joint broad, rounded at
apex. Eyes of female bare. Abdomen ovate, legs short.

OF WASHINGTON, VOLUME XVI, 1!U4 91

Type: Polychcetoneura elyii n. sp.

Polychaetoneura elyii n. sp.

Length 3 to 4 mm. Female, yellow, thorax gray pollinosc. Front
slightly wider than eye, yellow, parafrontals yellow, whitish pollinose.
Frontal vitta yellow, opaque, nearly twice as wide as either paraf rental.
Face yellowish -white fading into white on cheeks and epistoma, facial
depression very broad, sides of face narrow not more than one-eighth as
wide as depression. Vibrissa; black situated slightly below front edge of
oral margin. Palpi and proboscis whitish. Antenna; large, reaching
almost to oral margin, first, second and base of third joints pure yellow,
apical two-thirds of latter darker verging on brown. Arista incrassated
on basal third which part is yellow, remainder black. Arista pubescent,
almost to, but not reaching tip, hairs nearly as long as greatest diameter
of style. Cheeks whitish bearing a few short bristles on front portion of
disc and two or three forwardly curving macrochaeta; on their lower margins.

Two pairs of orbitals, frontals descending to lower edge of first antennal
joint. Entire occiput whitish thinly clothed with whitish bristles and
hairs. Thorax including scutellum, entirely opaque gray pollinose, only
the merest suggestion of vitta; on the anterior portion when viewed from
behind. Post sutural bristles four, sterno pleurals two with sometimes a
large bristle-like hair or two below them towards the middle of sterno
pleural plate. Abdomen ovate yellow, slightly darker toward apex. First
segment destitute of true macrochsetse, second, third and fourth, bearing
marginals, the latter two with a row of six or more. Genitalia concealed,
venter yellow. Legs including coxae yellow, middle tibia? on front side
slightly beyond middle with a single strong macrochseta. Hind tibia not
ciliate. Wings rather short and broad, veins mostly yellow, apical cell
open in tip of wing in female.

Described from three females reared from Schizura concinna
at East River, Connecticut, August 2, 1912, by Mr. C. R. Ely,
in honor of whom the species is named. This insect is remarkable
chiefly because of its having the fifth vein of the wings bearing
setulae, a character unique among the Tachinids of this country
so far as I am aware.

Dionea timberlakei n. sp.

Female: Rather slender, black and orange yellow. Wings slightly infus-
cated along costal margin. Length 5 to 7 mm. Female, frontal vitta opaque
velvety black, bordered on each side with bands of shining black which
occupy full width of parafrontals at vertex, but taper to a point at base
of antenna;, area outside of these also lower half of front and fascialia sil-
very pollinose. Antennae opaque black, about two-thirds length of fare,
third joint about twice length of second gently rounded at apex. Arista

92 PROCEEDINGS ENTOMOLOGICAL SOCIETY

incrassated on basal third: Two pairs of orbitals present. Cheeks black ;
thinly grayish pollinose not wider than one-sixth eye height, transverse
impression silvery. Inferior occiput swollen, superior linear, silvery, head
wider at vibrissse than at base of antennse. Paipi yellowish. Intermediate
third of proboscis cylindrical, black, chitinized, apical third fleshy, yel-
lowish, entire length slightly greater than height of head.

Thorax shining black, marked with three short, silvery, pollinose vittse
one over each humerus and one median in a similar manner to Morelia micans.
Scutellum triangular, shining black, bearing three pairs of marginals and a
strongly cruciate apical pair. Dorso-central bristles three, sternopleurals
two. Abdomen slender, shining, absolutely bare of pollen, five segments
visible, the first quite short and black. Second and third segments orange
yellow, bearing a median black vitta which does not reach the anterior or
posterior margins in the latter. Fourth segment somewhat wrinkled
transversely, dark yellow, marked with a broad black median vitta ex-
tending to the lateral margins at the apex of segment. Fifth segments
(figs. 3-4) shining black, wrinkled, with a triangular depression in the
center upon the margins of which are borne some short black spines, apex
provided with the usual stout forceps as shown in the figures.

Segments two to four inclusive, bearing stout median and lateral mar-
ginals. No discals present on any segment. Legs rather long and stout,
middle tibise bearing three strong macrochseta3 on front side near middle.
Posterior bearing two outside and two inside near middle, apical tibial spurs
unusually long and stout.

Wings narrow, slightly infuscated along costal margin. Costal spine
present but small. Veins yellowish at base, black at apex. Bend of fourth
vein very slightly angulated, apical cell barely open in margin. Hind cross
vein enters fourth vein much nearer to bend than to small cross vein. Angle
with fifth vein about 115 degrees. Calypters whitish.

Male: Differs from female as follows: larger, strongly resembles male
of Leucostoma. Orbital bristles absent, head (fig. 5) wider than thorax
and large in proportion to body. Front very narrow, bare excepting a
single row of f rentals. Third antennal joint about one and one-half times
longer than second. Palpi slender nearly black. Abdomen more ovate,
black, longitudinal median bands of second and third segments broader
and continuous. Fourth segment sometimes almost entirely black, showing
a mere line of yellow on lateral margins. Ordinary vestiture of the abdo-
men longer and more erect than in female. Venter yellow with a narrow
black median vitta. Hypopygium barely visible, black. The bend of the
fourth vein is subject to considerable variation in this species, in some
specimens it is gently rounded, others have it slightly angulated, one of
the latter, a male, bears a distinct short stump at the bend.

Described from seven specimens, male and female, collected at
Salt Lake, Utah, May 15 to 21, by P. H. Timberlake of the Bureau
of Entomology and in honor of whom this species is named. Two

OF WASHINGTON, VOLUME XVI, 1914 93

males standing in U. S. Museum collection under Leucostoma
undetermined specifically, bearing label Cache County, Utah,
J. M. Aldrich. Species belonging to this genus are said to be
parasitic on beetles of the genus Cassida in Europe.

Linnaemyia fulvicauda n. sp.

Resembles hcemorroidalis Fall, but differs as follows: Cheeks black,
palpi black, not flattened transversely when viewed from front. Fourth
segment of abdomen pure orange yellow, front and superior occiput usu-
ally golden pollinose. Third antennal joint rounded at apex. Length
8 to 9 mm. Female, frontal vitta dark brown to blackish, sides of front
thinly sprinkled with black hairs, and covered with golden pollen which
extends downwards on parafacials around border of eyes and also to supe-
rior occiput; remainder of face whitish pollinose excepting facial ridges
which are bordered on inner side with blackish. Antennae brown, basal
joints black. Third joint (fig. 6a) about twice length of second, straight
or slightly concave on anterior border; apex broadly rounded. Arista
rather slender, black, second joint about as long as broad. Eyes rather
densely hairy. Cheeks distinctly black, clothed with bristly hairs. Palpi
black, linear. Proboscis about as long as head height, blackish, chitinized
on intermediate third.

Thorax gray, marked with four distinct black vittse. Scutellum rounded,
black, a faint yellowish tinge at apex. Dorso-centrals three, sternopleu-
rals three. Abdomen ovate, three basal segments black pseudomaculate
with gray. Second and third bearing- discals and marginals. Fourth,
dorsally, pure orange yellow slightly yellow pollinose. Genitalia retracted,
yellow. Wings slightly grayish. Veins yellowish. Third vein bristly half
way to small cross vein. Bend of fourth appendiculate; apical cell open
in costa. Legs black including coxae, hind tibia? not ciliate, middle tibiae
bearing from two to five strong macrochaetse on front side. Angle of hind
crossvein 115 degrees in four specimens, enters fourth vein close to bend.

Male differs as follows: Third antennal joint distinctly convex on front
border (fig. 6), nearly two and one-half times length of second. Yellow
pollen of front does not usually extend to parafacials. Eyes more densely
hairj-. Palpi brownish. Hypopygium exerted, doubled forward, entirely
yellow. Apical cell more narrowly open in costa. Front in both sexes of
about same width, i.e., three-fourths that of eye.

Described from five specimens, male and female, reared from
Remigia repanda Fabr., by T. H. Jones from specimens taken at
Aibonito and Rio Piedras, Porto Rico. Issued February 3 to 23,
1912. Type a female.

Compsilura oppugnator n. sp.

Female: Black and gray, wings hyaline. Length 7 mm. Front about
two-thirds as wide as eye, vitta dark brown, parafrontals golden \vllo\v

Fig. 1. Azotus chionaspidis. Right fore-wing greatly enlarged.

Polychceloneura elyii: 1 lateral view of head; 2, wing of same.

Dionea timberlakei: 3, female, dorsal view of apical abdominal seg-
ments; 4> same lateral view; 5, head of male, lateral view.

Linncemyia fulvicauda: 6, male, lateral view of head; 6a, antenna^ of
female.

94

OF WASHINGTON, VOLUME XVI, 1914 95

pollinose. Two pairs of orbital bristles present, frontals descending to
apex of second antennal joint (fig. 7). Face including cheeks gray polli-
nose, parafacials not more than one-sixth as wide as facial depression;
fascialia bristly on nearly the lower half. Vibrissse on. oral margin not
strongly cruciate. Proboscis brown, short and fleshy, palpi dark yellow.
Cheeks about one-sixth height of eye. Ocellar bristles absent, eyes in the
type nearly bare. Posterior orbits yellowish, occiput gray, rather thinly
clothed with whitish hairs. Thorax gray pollinose, four distinct black vit in-
visible extending nearly to scutellum where each outer pair is approxi-
mated but not joined. Scutellum triangular, gray pollinose, bearing three
marginal pairs, also a discal pair; apicals absent. Dorso-central bristle
three, sternopleurals three. Abdomen elongate ovate, black, intermedi-
ate segments broadly gray pollinose on basal two-thirds extending almost t <>
posterior margins at center and on the extreme sides of segment . A narrow
med'.an vitta apparent on intermediate segments. Fourth segment black
and grayish pollinose at base, yellow on apical third, anal plate yellow.
First and second segments destitute of true median marginal or disr.-i!
macrochaetae, third bearing a median marginal pair but without diseaU.
fourth with both discals and the usual row of stout marginals.

The two intermediate segments each bearing on its ventral surf a >
median keel armed with backward curving short stout spines precisely as
in concinnaia; apical segment armed with a curved chitinized piercer. Legs
black, middle tibiae bearing a single stout macrochajta on the front side near
the middle, hind tibiae subciliate.

Wings hyaline, first posterior cell narrowly open in margin, distinctly
before tip of wing; fourth vein shortly rounded at bend; costal spine obso-
lete. Calypters whitish nearly transparent, edges yellowish.

Described from a single female reared from Cirphis latiuscula
H. S.,at Rio Piedras, Porto Rico, January 30, 1912, by Mr. T. H.
Jones.

The species described above resembles Compsilura concinnata
rather strongly, the chief differences are as follows: Front and
posterior orbits yellow pollinose; eyes nearty bare; apical pair
of scutellar bristles absent; discal macrochsetse of intermediate
abdominal segments absent; cheeks not more than one-sixth eye
height; tip of fourth abdominal segment and anal plate yellow.
The genus Compsilura has hitherto not been reported from this
country, except of course as artificially introduced into the Nc\\
England States, and some of the characters above enumerated
are by a few authors regarded as of generic value. But as the
proposed species is based upon a single reared female specimen,
the habitus and main structural characters of which agree exactly
with Compsilura, I think that it would better be referred hen-. ;tt
least until such time as the male becomes known.

96 PROCEEDINGS ENTOMOLOGICAL SOCIETY

THE EGG OF PSEUDOSERMYLE TRUNGATA CAUDELL.

BY A. N. CAUDELL, Bureau of Entomology.

Messrs. Schwarz and Barber brought from Sabino Canyon r
Arizona, a female of the above species which was taken by Mr.
F. I. Tucker. It was inclosed in a glass jar and before dying *it
deposited several eggs, one of which is here figured. This egg
is of considerable interest, not so much for the odd shape, for
extraordinary shapes are common in this family of Orthoptera,
but for the fact that they are not dropped at random by the
insect but fastened to some object. In nature, they are very
securely glued to the stems and branches of the food plant. The
common supposition has been that the eggs of Phasmids were

Fig. 1. Egg of Pseudosermyle truncata, greatly enlarged.

dropped free but just how far this is true is not at all certain.
The eggs of a goodly number of species have been described but
the habits of oviposition are but little recorded. Brunner and
Redtenbacher in their recent monograph of the family make no
mention of exceptions to the rule of free dropping of eggs, nor
does Sharp in the Cambridge Natural History. In fact, the only
mention I know of the fastening of the eggs of walking sticks is
by Shelford in Kept. Brit. Assoc. Adv. Sci., 1901, p. 689-691,
where it is stated that in Borneo the Phasmidae of the genera
Necroscia, Marmessoidea and Agondasoidea stick the eggs in rows
on the leaves of the food plant, not dropped at random as in others.

Actual date of publication, June 12, 1914-

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TABLE OF CONTENTS FOR THIS NUMBER

Page

BOVING, ADAM: On the abdominal structure of certain beetle larvae
of the campodeiform type. A study of the relation between the
structure of the integument and the muscles 55

BUSCK, AUGUST : On the classification of the Microlepidoptera. Annual
address of the President. 46

CAUDELL, A. N.: The egg of Pseudosermyle truncata Caudell. 96

CRAWFORD, J. C.: The species of Perilampidae of America north of
Mexico 69

CRAWFORD, J. C.: New parasitic Hymenoptera from British Guiana. . 85

CTJSHMAN, R. A.: A new species of the Braconid genus Phanerotoma
Wesmael 78

HEIDEMANN, OTTO: O. M. Renter. 76

HEINRICH, CARL: Notes on some forest Coleophora with descriptions
of two new species: 66

HOWARD, L. O. : Concerning some Aphelininae 79

KNAB, FREDERICK: Ceratopogoninae sucking the blood of caterpillars 63

MALLOCH, J. R. : Description of a new species of Agromyza from Porto
Rico 89

WALTON, W. R.: Four new species of Tachinidae from North America 90

PROCEEDINGS

OF THE

ENTOMOLOGICAL SOCIETY

OF

WASHINGTON

VOLUME XVI, No. 3
SEPTEMBER, 1914

PUBLISHED QUARTERLY BY THE SOCIETY
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EDITORIAL OFFICE
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Entered as second-class matter at the postoffice at Baltimore, Md., February 28. 1013,

under the Act of August 24, 1912

THE

ENTOMOLOGICAL SOCIETY

OF WASHINGTON

ORGANIZED MARCH 12, 1884.

The regular meetings of the Society are held on the first Thursday of
each month, from October to June inclusive, at 8 P. M.

Annual dues of active members, $3.00; of corresponding members $2.00;
initiation fee (for active members only), $1.00.

OFFICERS FOR THE YEAR 1914.

President.. W. D. HUNTER

First Vice-President A. N. CAUDELL

Second Vice-President E. R. SASSCER

Recording Secretary .'...' W. B. WOOD

Corresponding Secretary-Treasurer S. A. ROHWER

U. S. National Museum, Washington, D. C.

Editor , W. D. HUNTER

Representing the Society as a Vice-President of the

Washington Academy of Sciences A. L. QUAINTANCE

Executive Committee.

THE OFFICERS.
AUGUST BUSCK. E. A. SCHWARZ. L. O. HOWARD.

PROCEEDINGS

ENTOMOLOGICAL SOCIETY OF WASHINGTON.

Published quarterly by the Society at Baltimore, Md., and Wash-
ington, D. C. Terms of subscription: Domestic, $2.00 per annum;
foreign, $2.25 per annum; single numbers, 50 cents, foreign postage
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Authors of leading articles in the PROCEEDINGS will be entitled to 25
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had at 50 per cent more than cost by notifying the Editor before the final
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PROCEEDINGS

'

OF THE

ENTOMOLOGICAL SOCIETY

OF WASHINGTON
VOL. XVI 1914 Xo. 3

Two HUNDRED AND SEVENTY-FIFTH MEETIXC,
MARCH 5, 1914.

The following program was presented:

Variations in Insects and their Transmission Nathan Banks'

Method of Fumigating Imported Seed

E. R. Sasscer and Dr. Lou A. Hawkins 2

A new species of Callichroma from Texas W. S. Fisher

A Revision of the North American Species of the Braconid genus

Habrobracon R. A. Cushman

Secondary and Tertiary Sexual Characters in Muscoid Flies and their

Classificatory Value Charles H. T. Townsend

At the conclusion of the program Mr. C. P. Alexander of Cornell
University addressed the Society on his studies of the family
Tipulidse, and Mr. M. D. Mitzmain gave an account of his recent
work in the Philippine Islands on the insect transmission of surra
in stock animals.

A NEW SPECIES OF CALLICHROMA FROM TEXAS.

BY W. S. FISHER, Bureau of Entomol(n/.

Callichroma schwarzi n. sp.

Male: Rather dull in lustre and of a greenish-blue color throughout
above, same beneath but more shining; abdomen rufo-ferruginous; an-
tennae, all of the femora, tibiae and tarsi black. Prothorax as in ('. /<//-
cat urn Lee., with front deeply constricted, two elevated spaces just back
of the constriction and one long transverse elevated ridge on the poslc-

1 Withdrawn by author.

2 Withdrawn for publication elsewhere.

3 To be published later.

97

98 PROCEEDINGS ENTOMOLOGICAL SOCIETY

rior area; with unequally transverse rugse; densely and finely punctate,
with short inconspicuous black hairs. Prosternum concave and trans-
versely plicate. Antennae twice the length of the body. Elytra strongly
tapering from base to apex, tips separately rounded, sides slightly arcuate ;
clothed with short inconspicuous ashy grey pubescence; densely and finely
punctate except small space at base close to the suture with coarser punc-
tures. Under surface covered with ashy grey pubescence. Scutellum
triangular, longer than wide, grooved down the middle, irregularly coarsely
punctate. Femora of front and middle pair of legs short and thickened,
posterior femora long, reaching a little beyond the tips of the elytra, slightly
thickened externally. Posterior tibiae nearly as long as the femora, arcuate
and flattened. Xotch of the fifth ventral segment parabolic. Length 35
mm. ; width at base of elytra 9 mm.

Female: Differs from the male in being smaller, antenna; not reaching
the tips of the elytra, prothorax similar to that of C. splendidum Lee., not
transversely rugose at center but densely finely punctured, and slightly
rugose toward the sides. Elytra with two inconspicuous transverse bands
of a violet shade, one just in front and the other just back of the middle.
Posterior femora slightly arcuate. Posterior tibiee nearly straight. Length
28 mm.; width, 7 mm.

Habitat: McAllen, Texas.

Type and allotype Cat. No. 18237 U. S. N. M. Paratypes in
the author's collection.

Described from four specimens, two females and two males,
received from D. K. McMillan with the following note, "Col-
lected May 22, 1909, on the blossoms of Cissus incisa, rather com-
mon and a number of mating pairs were crawling among the
foliage."

This species is allied to C. plicatum Lee. but is distinguished
from that and the other species found in the United States by
having dull greenish-blue elytra and all of the femora black.
Named for E. A. Schwarz.

The following table will assist in the identification of the species
found north of Mexico.

All of the femora testaceous tipped with black 1

All of the femora entirely black 2

Front and middle femora black, the posterior ferrugineous tipped with
black, elytra blue : cobalt iimm Lee.

1. Thorax and elytra varying from blue to green, thorax with a cop-

pery hue splendidum Lee.

Thorax and elytra bright green, without coppery hue. Male with fifth

ventral deeply broadly emarginate smaragdinum Casey

Male with fifth ventral parabolic, not emarginate pliculttm Lee-.

2. Elytra velvety black melancholicum Bates

Elytra greenish-blue sclnrnrzi Fisher.

OF WASHINGTON, VOLUME XVI, I'M I {lit

A REVISION OF THE NORTH AMERICAN SPECIES OF THE
BRACONID GENUS HABROBRACON JOHNSON (ASHMEAD .

BY R. A. CUSHMAX, Bureau of En/mi,,,!, ,!/,/.

The name Habrobracon was given by Ashmead in his ( '1,-i
fication of the Ichneumon Flies (1900) to include those members
of the genus Bracon in which the second abscissa of the radiu-
is "not, or scarcely, longer than the first, usually a little shorter
than the first transverse cubitus, or no longer." Previous to this
date, however, W. G. Johnson published a note i Knt. \e\vs, IX'.O.
VI, p. 324-5) in which he used the name in connection with the
s; ecies hebetor Say and gelechice Ashmead. Ashnic:id (loc. cit.,
p. 173) gives as the first publication of the name the above note
by Johnson. This makes it necessary to credit the genus to John-
son. Viereck (Bull. 83. I". S. Nat, Mus., 1914, p. ii.'n credits the
genus to Ashmead and fixes Bracon yelcclt/<r A<hmead as the
type.

The following description of the genus is gleaned from Ash-
mead's table of the tribe Braconini:

Second abscissa of radius not, or scarcely, longer than the first, usually
shorter than the first transverse cubitus, or no longer. First discoidal cell
petiolate; head, thorax, and abdomen most frequently coriaceous or sha-
greened, rarely smooth and shining; antennal characters as in Bnn;,n i . , nsu
x/ricti); ovipositor short, rarely two-thirds the length of the abdomen,
most frequently much shorter; last joint of hind tarsi about the length of
the third, shorter than the second.

To the above may be added the following: Ivves more or less
completely surrounded by a yellow or testaceous ring which some-
times extends inward so as to embrace more or less of the fnce
and of the vertex; mandibles pale with black tips; first tergite
with two furrows which converge anteriorly and set off a nearly
equilateral, triangular, median area: second tergite subequal in
length with the first, longer than the third, sculptured usually
more coarsely than, and frequently differently from. tho<e
following.

The species of this genus show marked variations, not only
in intensity and arrangement of color, but in such structural
characters as the number of antennal joints, wing venation,
sculpture and proportionate lengths of the tergites, relative
length of ovipositor and abdomen, and even in the shape of the
first tergite. A misunderstanding of the range of these varia-
tions, through lack of sufficient material for study, has led to
the description of a number of species separated from others by
the use of one or more of these variable characters.

The following table will separate the seven North American
species referred to the genus. In the examination of the

100 PROCEEDINGS ENTOMOLOGICAL SOCIETY

mens a Zeiss binocular with objective a 3 and eyepiece 4, giving
a magnification of 61 diameters, was used. This high magnifi-
cation is necessary for the observation of the minute sculptural

characters used.

t

HABROBRACON JOHNSON (Ashmead).

TABLE OF SPECIES.

Antennse stout and tapering toward the tip, flagellar joints beyond the
second but little longer than wide; ocellar spot nearly or quite sepa-
rated from the occipital spot by inward extensions of the yellow orbital
ring behind the ocelli ; face largely or wholly yellowish 1

Antenna? slender not tapering toward the tip, flagellar joints much
longer than wide ; ocellar spot and occipital spot broadly confluent .

1. Body smooth or but very faintly sculptured throughout; antenna;

in female 13 to 15-jointed (17-jointed, according to Wesmael),
in male 20 to 22-jointed (20 to 26, according to Wesmael); ocellar
spot almost invariably entirely separated from occipital spot.

brevicornis (Wesm.) (= hebetor auct. not Say = juglandis Ashm.)
Body distinctly sculptured; antennae in female 20 to 22-jointed, in
male 23 to 25-jointed; ocellar spot except in very pale specimens
not entirely separated from occipital spot variabilis n. sp.

2. Second tergite with a median embossed area set off at least anteriorly

by crenulate grooves, its surface differently sculptured from the
rest of the tergite (in the male this character is less evident, the area
being more narrow and the grooves less distinct); rest of tergite
more or less finely, irregularly, longitudinally or reticulately

rugulose

Second tergite without an embossed area, granularly roughened, with-
out rugae though sometimes with very fine reticulation on the basal
middle ^

3. Furrows of first tergite narrow and not crenulate, the triangle with-

out large punctures apically, lateral areas shagreened; second ter-
gite reticulate platynotit. n. sp.

Furrows of first tergite broad and crenulate, the triangle with a few
large punctures apically, lateral areas much roughened; second
tergite longitudinally rugulose

4. Mesoscutum with a large quadrate testaceous spot in front of the scu-

tellum from which lines of the same color extend forward along the
positions of the notauli; face in female with broad inward exten-
sions of the yellow orbital rings below the antenna?; antennse tes-
taceous, infuscated beyond the middle, 23 to 24-jointed, in male
(lost, but from the description evidently a poorly developed speci-
men) 21-jointed; abdomen in female yellowish, darker laterally

xanthonolus (Ashm.)

OF WASHINGTON, VOLUME XVI, 1914 101

.Mi'soscutum entirely black or with the color pattern reduced to lines
indicating positions of notauli; face in female with the yellow re-
duced to a small spot beneath each antennal fossa, separated from
the orbital ring by a brownish stain; antennae black or occasionally
somewhat testaceous, with 24 or more joints in female and 25 or more
in male; abdomen in female with same color pattern as in xantfin/n,-
tus but darker throughout, in male with the second tergite pale and

the remaining tergites dark hopkinsi Vier. (= mali Vier.)

5. Abdomen in female much wider than half its length, wider than the
thorax, sixth and seventh tergites barely visible from above; female
black, male with abdomen, especially second and third tergites.
broadly margined with yellow, dark medially

gelechice Ashm. ( = notaticeps Ashm.)

Abdomen in female not much wider than half its length, not wider than
the thorax; tergites 6 and 7 distinctly visible from above; sexes simi-
larly colored johannseni Vier. (= tetralophtr Yicr. '

Habrobracon brevicornis (Wesmael).

Bracon brevicornis Wesmael, Nouv. Mem. AS.SC. Bruxelles, XI, 1838,
p. 23, fig. 2 (wing).
Brischke, Schr. Naturf. Ges. Danzig, (2) IV, 1882, p. 135. Host.-

Dioryctria abietella.

Kirby, Trans. Ent. Soc. Lond., 1884, Proc., p. xxxi. Host. Ephes-
tia elutella. _

Marshall, Trans. Ent. Soc. Lond., 1885, p. 24, PI. I, figs, la (wing)
and Ib (head and thorax). Redescription. Hosts. Myelois cera-
toniae. Galls of Andricus terminalis.
Geikie, Trans. County of Middlesex Nat. Hist, and Sci. Soc., Xov.

8, 1887. Host. Ephestia kuehniella.
Ichneumonid Klein, Trans. Ent. Soc. Lond., 1887, Proc. p. lii-Iiv.

Host. Ephestia kuehniella.

Bracon brevicornis Billups, Trans. Ent., Soc. Lond., 1888, Proc. p.
xxviii. Host. Ephestia kuehniella.

Marshall, Andre's Spec. Hym. Eur., IV, 1888, p. 139. Redescription.
Bracon juglandis Ashmead, Proc. U. S. Nat. Mus., 1890, p. 62. Host.

Tineid? infesting old walnuts.
Bracon brevicornis Danysz, Bull. Seances Soc. Ent. France, 1893,' p.

clxxviii.

Habrobracon hebetor Johnson, Ent. News, VI, 1895, p. 324. Host.
Ephestia kuehniella. Also mentions Klein's article using name
Bracon brevicornis.

Bracon (Habrobracon) honeslor Riley and Howard, Ins. Life, VII, 1895,
p. 428. Misprint in specific name corrected in general index. Host.
Plodia inter punctella.

Bracon brevicornis Schmiedeknecht, Illust. Wochenschr. f. Ent., I, 18C6,
p. 541.

102 PROCEEDINGS ENTOMOLOGICAL SOCIETY

Bracon (Habrobracon) hebetor Chittenden, U. S. Dept. Agr. Bur. Ent.
Bui. No. 8 (n.s.), 1897, pp. 38-40. Suggests possibility, according to
Ashmead. of synonymy with brcricornis. Hosts. Ephestia cahiritella,
Gallt-ria mellonella.

Bracon juglandis Chittenden, loc. cit. Referred to as variety of
hebetor. Hosts. Ephestia cahiritella, Plodia inter punctella.

Habiobracon hebetor Buchwald & Berliner, Zeitschr. f. d. gesamte
Getriedewesen, II, 1910, pp. 1-4, figs. 1 and 2. Host Ephestia
kuehniella.

Specimens in the National Museum determined by Ashmead
and others as hebetor Say and juglandis Ashm. agree with Marshall's
description of brevicornis Wesm. and are identical with a specimen
from Europe determined by Schmiedeknecht as brevicornis. Chit-
tenden (Bur. Ent. Bui. 8, p. 39) suggests, on the authority of Ash-
mead, that these two species are synonyms of brevicornis Wesm.,
All of the reared specimens of hebetor and juglandis in the col-
lection are reared from hosts that breed in stored products of
various sorts, principally from various species of the genus
Ephestia. This seems to be the normal host of the species as well
as of brevicornis in Europe. All the specimens in the National
Museum that can be construed as agreeing otherwise with hebe-
tor Say differ from the original description of that species in
having the coxa? largely black not "yellowish-white." Further-
more, Say makes no mention of the black occipital spot which
appears in all dark specimens. In the description of Bracon
dorsator on the page following that of hebetor, Say observes that
dorsator agrees with hebetor in that "the first cubital cellule is
wider by one-third than the second at their junction." In all
the specimens in the National Museum this difference is at least
one-half and usually more. It seems from these facts that the
specimens reared from such hosts as those mentioned above
are not the hebetor of Say. Such being the case the hebetor of
authors must sink into synonymy \vith brevicornis Wesm., while
the hebetor of Say must stand as an unknown species.

Specimens of this species in the National Museum, in addi-
tion to those which agree with Marshall's description of the
species, show variations of practically all grades from those
in which the dorsum of the thorax and abdomen is entirely black
except the apical tergite and faint traces of the thoracic markings,
and the ocellar and occipital spots narrowly joined, to those in
which the color is largely yellowish without the typical spots on
the head, the dark color of the mesonotum reduced to three small
spots and the abdomen nearly uniformly pale. In some specimens
the head is practically all black with only faint indications of
the color pattern. The number of antennal joints in females

OF WASHINGTON, VOLU.MK XVI, 1014 10o

varies from 13 to 15 and in males from 20 to 22. The si/e ;il>->
varies considerably, the smallest males being about 2 mm. long
and the largest females about 3 mm.

The material examined consists of nearly a hundred speci-
mens from Illinois, Massachusetts, California, Nevada, Florida,
West Virginia, Ohio, New York, and the District of Columbia
together with a number of unlabeled specimens and three from
Europe. Many of these were reared from such hosts as
kuehniella, E. elutella, Plodia interpundella, and (.'ulli-r/u
nella.

Habrobracon variabilis n.sp.

Female: Length 3 mm. Face and orbit yellow, this color triangularly
extended inward behind the ocelli from each side so that the dark spot in
which are located the ocelli is nearly separated from the dark occipital
spot; antenna? 21-jointed, black, stoiit, tapering toward the apex, the
joints of the flagellum except the first but little longer than thick; palpi
yellowish.

Thorax largely dark brown above, the scutellum laterally, posterior
middle of mesoscutum and the positions of the notauli testaceous; testa-
ceous below; all legs except hind coxae basally, hind tibiie apically, and basal
joints of hind tarsi, which are infuscated, testaceous; wings dusky, ,-ipical
third hyaline, veins except costa and anterior edge of stigma pale, a small
whitish spot on the base of the stigma.

Abdomen with the first tergite dark brown, pale apically, the second
testaceous except for a dark spot on the basal middle and a suffused spot
on each side, the third, fourth, and fifth dark brown except laterally and
medially where they are testaceous, the remaining visible tergitcs testa-
ceous; first tergite with the furrows crenulate, the triangle without lari:c
punctures apically, sides beyond spiracles arcuate; second tergite with a
median basal embossed area, coincident with the median dark spot set off
laterally by obscurely crenulate furrows, rest of tergite finely, irregularly,
longitudinally rugulose; third to fifth similarly sculptured but the sculp-
ture changing gradually until in the fifth it becomes reticulate rugulose;
remaining tergites barely visible; exserted portion of ovipositor slightly
less than half the length of abdomen.

Male: Length 2.5 mm. similar to female; antenna- 25-jointed, mmv
slender, all flagellar joints distinctly longer than thick; all coxae testaceous;
first tergite pale testaceous with the triangle somewhat darker and with its
sides straight; second tergite entirely yellowish.

Host. Canarsia hammondi.
Type locality. Siloarn Springs. Ark.
Type Cat, 'U. S. N. M. No. 182?:..

Allied to brevicornix Wesm. from which it is at once distin-
guished by the distinct abdominal sculpture, tin- larger nuin-

104 PROCEEDINGS ENTOMOLOGICAL SOCIETY

ber of antennal joints, the entirely yellow face, and the partial
coalescence of the ocellar and occipital spots.

Described from 3 females and 2 males (t'he type female, -male,
and paratypes a, b, and c) labeled Quaintance No. 5155, Siloam
Springs, Ark., 9.26.08, S. W. Foster, collector, parasite of Canar-
sia hammondi; 2 females (paratype d and 1 other) labeled 440 01 ,
issued Aug. 20, '90, Par. on Pempelia hammondi from Miss
Murtfeldt; 2 females (paratype e and 1 other) from Champaign,
111. ; 3 males (paratypes / and g and 1 other) labeled Quaint-
ance No. 5083, Siloam Springs, Ark., 6.26.08, S. W. Foster, par.
of Enarmonia prunivora; 5 females and 2 males (paratypes h-l
and 2 others) labeled Parasite of Desmia funeralis, Vienna, Va.,
Sept. 15, Quaintance No. 10622, J. F. Strauss, collector; 4 fe-
males (including paratypes m and n) Miclvale, Pa., Sept. 1,
1913, Quaintance No. 6126, F. L. Simanton, Coll., parasite of
Laetilia coccidivora.

This- species is extremely variable in color, although the color
within a series from an individual host is quite constant, vary-
ing, as a rule, only in minor details. The paratypes show all
grades of variation, e being much paler and k much darker than
the type female. In e the ocellar and occipital spots are en-
tirely separated; mesoscutum entirely yellowish-testaceous except
a narrow median line anteriorly and a suffused spot on each
hind angle; scutellum pale throughout; propodeum somewhat
lighter, especially laterally, where it is testaceous; legs pale,
hind coxae yellowish; stigmal spot occupying nearly half of the
stigma; first tergite testaceous except triangle basally, second
tergite yellow throughout; on the remaining tergites the light
markings are somewhat more extensive and paler. Paratype i
is smaller and much darker than the type, the thoracic markings
practically obsolete and the color pattern of the abdomen very
obscure, face with a median dark line which broadens out into
a spot on the clypeus. In paratype n the ocellar and occipital
spots are broadly joined.

Habrobracon platynotae n.sp.

Female: Length 3 mm. Head black with the face fuscous, the orbital
ring, gense, and a spot below each antenna yellowish; orbital ring broadly
interrupted behind the eye with a small pale spot immediately behind the
eye and not extending mesad behind the ocelli; mandibles colored like the
face with black tips; antennae black, long, 24-jointed, uniform in thickness,
the basal flagellar joints about l times as long as thick.

Thorax black, legs testaceous except that the apical joint of the front
tarsi, the rniddle and hind tibiee and tarsi, and the coxae basally are in-
fuscated; wings dusky with the apical third hyaline, the veins fuscous.

Abdomen testaceous somewhat infuscated especially beyond the second

OF WASHINGTON, VOLUME XVI, 1914 105

tergite; first tergite testaceous with the anterior angle of the triangle some-
what infuscated, the furrows not crenulate, the areas shagreened; second
tergite with the median embossed area distinct only basally its sides di-
verging rapidly, this and the base of the third tergite rcticulatoly rough-
ened, the third apically and the fourth and fifth entirely granulurly rough-
ened; exserted portion of ovipositor half as long as abdomen.

Male: Differs from female principally in its smaller size and in having
the four anterior coxae and femora largely blackish, and the embossed area
of the second tergite indistinct.

A single female paratype agrees in all respects with the type.
Host. -Platynota sp.
Type locality. Hollywood, Calif.
Type Cat. U. S. N. M. No. 18276.

Described from the above three specimens which were reared
May 12, 1913, by J. E. Graf of the Bureau of Entomology.

Habrobracon xanthonotus (Ashm.)

Bracon xanthonotus Ashmead, Proc. U. S. Nat. Mus., XI, 18SS, p. 618.

The only specimens of this species in the National Museum
are the 14 females of the type series and two others. The type
male is apparently lost. From its small size and the fact that
it had fewer antennal joints than the female it must have been a
dwarf and poorly developed specimen.

The only characters that I have been able to discover that
will separate this from the following species are variable, and I
believe that the two are conspecific, but hesitate to reduce hop-
kinsi Vier. to synonymy because of the paucity of intergrades
between the two types. One of the specimens agrees with
hopkinsi in facial markings.

Habrobracon hopkinsi Vier.

Habrobracon hopkinsi Vier., Proc. U. S. Nat. Mus., vol. 38, 1910, p. 380.
Habrobracon mali Vier., Proc. U. S. Nat. Mus., vol. 44, 1913, p. 641.

The character in which Viereck considered his mali to be allied
with xanthonotus, as indicated in his description of mali, and
in which it differs from hopkinsi, is found in a manuscript table
to the species, and consists in the possession of testaceous mark-
ings on the mesoscutum. His description of the species con-
sists of a statement of- the differences between it and xantho-
notus. All of the characters used are those which an examination
of a large number of specimens of several of the other species
of the genus shows to be subject to extreme variation. This is
especially true of the color patterns of the thorax and abdomen
and the number of antennal joints.

106 PROCEEDINGS ENTOMOLOGICAL SOCIETY

H. hopkinsi was described from a series of 18 specimens reared
from Notolophus oslari. It is described as having the mesono-
tum entirely black, and yet, in the type series, there is one female
that shows the testaceous markings in the position of the notauli
quite distinctly. A careful examination of every specimen of
the type material in both hopkinsi and mali together with another
series of mali, reared by the writer from the same host and locality,
and a large series of specimens mostly reared from Clisiocampa
phivialis and C. constrida in California, some of which resemble
hopkinsi and some mali, has convinced me that the two are but
variants of the same species. Aside from the mesonotal mark-
ings there is comparatively little variation in color in the species
as at present limited, but in the number of antenna! joints there
is considerable variation. In the hopkinsi series the females have
24 to 25 antennal joints and the single male with complete antennae
has 25 joints; in the Clisiocampa series the females have 24 and the
males 28 to 29 joints; and in the mali series the females 27 and the
males 28 to 29 joints. Some of the specimens of the Clisiocampa
series show a tendency toward xanthonotus in the color of the
antennae. In addition to the material mentioned above there are
in the National Museum specimens from New Hampshire, Cali-
fornia, Maiden (Mass.?), and a series of 5 specimens from Yosem-
ite, Cal., reared from a Noctuid (?) larva. The last differ from
the type in being somewhat larger and in having the markings
somewhat paler and more extensive, and agree with the type of
mali in the number of antennal joints.

The Bracon n. sp. of Ins. Life, II, p. 349, parasitic on Clisio-
campa constrida belongs here and is a part of the material
examined.

The Bracon gelechice of New Hampshire Exp. Sta. Bui. 6, Tech.
Ser., is undoubtedly this species.

Habrobracdn gelechiae Ashm.

Bracon gelechice Ashmead, Proc. U. S. Nat. AIus., 1888, p. 623.

Bracon notaticeps Ashmead, loc. cit., p. 624.

Habrobracon gelechice Johnson, Ent. News, VI, 1895, p. 324.

The female of this species can at once be distinguished from
johannseni Vier. by the greater width of the abdomen as com-
pared to its length and to the width of the thorax and by the
retraction of the terminal tergites. The male is at once distin-
guished by the color pattern of the abdomen, black bordered
with yellow which extends nearly to the middle on the second
tergite.

Comparison of the types of notaticeps (Ashm.) with those of
gelechice proves the two species to be the same, the differentiating

OF WASHINGTON, VOLUME XVI, 1914 107

characters as given by Ashmead in his description of the latter
species, that is, the color of the leg* and the number of antennal
joints, being both very variable characters.

The only female of this species in the type series lacks entirely
the yellow tergal color ascribed to the species by Ashmead in
his description. Unfortunately also the head is missing. It i-
possible that the female and the males are of different specie-,
the opposite sex of each of which has not been identified. The
exact status in this respect can not be satisfactorily determined
except by the rearing of more material under careful observation.

One female from Kansas collected by C. L. Marlatt and labeled
by Ashmead Bracon notaticeps, which differs from the type in
having the abdomen brown on the sides, has been provisionally
referred to this species.

The Bracon n. sp. of Ins. Life, II, p. 349, parasitic on Geleclifn
roseosuffusella Clem, belongs here and is a part of the material
examined.

Habrobracon johannseni Vier.

Bracon sp. Johannsen and Patch, Bui. 195, Maine Agr. Kxp. Sta., 101 _'.
Habrobracon johannseni Viereck, Proc. U. S. Nat. Mus., vol. !_, 1913,

p. 622.
Habrobracon letralophce Viereck, loc. cit., p. G23.

Redescription of type female. Length 2 mm. Head black with a nar-
row interrupted line above and in front of the eyes dark testaceous ; mandi-
bles testaceous, black at tips; antennae black, slender, uniform in thickness,
22-jointed.

Thorax black throughout, delicately shagreened; legs blackish, testa-
ceous at the articulations, hind tibia* and tarsi largely testaceous; win Li-
hyaline with the veins brownish and the pubescence blackish, paler toward
base of wing.

Abdomen black above narrowly bordered with testaceous posteriorly,
about half as wide as long and about as wide as thorax, the sixth and seventh
tergites extended; first tergite with the furrows narrow and not civnulate.
its surface shagreened, sides beyond the spiracles straight and parallel:
second tergite granularly and slightly reticulately roughened; tergites :!.
4, and base of 5 shagreened, 5 apically and (i and 7 snmot h ; exserted purl ion
of ovipositor half as long as abdomen.

This species was originally described from two specimci -
reared from an undetermined Tineid in pine cones at < n>no. Me.
In the same paper Yiereck described //. tflr<ilu/>fnr from two fe-
males and a male reared at Lafayette, hid., from 7Y/m/o/'/<"
baptixn ll<i. The description of the latter species consists of a
comparison with julnmn^m. The only characters used, length.

108 PROCEEDINGS ENTOMOLOGICAL SOCIETY

number of antennal joints, and color of hind femora, are all very
subject to variation throughout the genus. The types of the two
species differ also in the shape of the first tergite. In johannseni
the sides of this segment beyond the spiracles are straight and
parallel while in tetralophce they are curved and slightly divergent.
Examination of a large series of specimens from other sources
shows that the shape of this tergite varies from the form shown
in johannseni to those showing even more curvature and diver-
gence than in the type of tetralophce. In all of the males the first
tergite is of the form exhibited by the type of johannseni.

Besides one of the type specimens of johannseni and three
of tetralophce the following material was examined: a large series
reared by J. E. Graf at Los Angeles and El Monte, Calif., from
Phthorimea operculeUa under Chittenden No. 2229; 3 specimens
from the same host at Norfolk, Va,, Chittenden No. 2721 a ; 12
females and 1 male from Desmia funeralis in Fairfax Co., Va.,
Quaintance No. 5569, J. F. Strauss; 2 females from the same host
from the Ashmead collection; 1 female from Riley Co., Kans.,
Marlatt; 2 females from Champaign, 111., 2 females from Oswego,
N. Y.; 2 females from Salineville, Ohio; 1 female from Franklin
Co., Ark., Webster; and 1 female from Agr. Coll.. Mich. All the
California parasites of Phthorimea resemble the type of johannseni
in color except that the light margin of the abdomen is somewhat
more distinct. In this series nearly all gradations in the shape of
the first tergite are found. The Virginia parasites of Desmia agree
in color of the legs with tetralophce and show some variation in the
shape of the first tergite, but are mostly somewhat larger than the
tyoes. The New York specimens agree with tetralophce except
that the orbital ring is somewhat paler and more distinctly de-
fined. In the Kansas specimen the black color of the abdomen is
replaced by brown, and the border is yellow, while all of the legs
are pale. In the two specimens reared from Desmia without
locality and the two Illinois specimens the reduction of the abdomi-
nal color is carried still further, while the mesopleurae and prono-
tum laterally are more or less testaceous to yellowish. The num-
ber of antennal joints in the female varies from 19 to 36, the
smaller specimens having the smaller numbers. In the males of
the Phthorimea series the antennae are from 23 to 27 jointed;
neither of the other males has the antennae entire.

OF WASHINGTON, VOLUME XVI, 1914 109

Two HUNDRED AND SEVENTY-SIXTH MEETING, APRIL 2, 1914.
The following program was presented:

Notes on Some jNIicrolepidoptera on Forest Trees with Descriptions of

New Species . .August Busck 1

Descriptions of two Parasitic Hymenoptera. . . . .S. A. Rohwer 2

Aquatic Insect Life at Castle Hot Springs, Arizona E. A. Schwarz 1

Notes on some Beetle Larvae from Arizona .... Dr. Adam Bciving 1

Concerning some Aphelininse . L. O. Howard 3

Descriptions of New Chalcid-flies A. A. Girault

DESCRIPTIONS OF NEW CHALCID-FLIES.

BY A. A. GIRAULT.
GENUS ANAPHOIDEA Girault.

Anaphoidea luna new species.

Female: Length, 0.50 mm. Black, the scape, pedicel and proximal three
tarsal joints dusk} r lemon yellow, the trochanters and knees pallid; 'wings
obscurely, slightly fumated. subhyaline; cephalic tibiae lighter.

Differs from the other European species, diana Girault, in being black
instead of brown, in having the second funicle joint more than twice the
length of the first and only slightly shorter than the third. In regard to the
three North American species, it is most similar to pullicrura with which it
may be confused; however, upon comparison of specimens, pullicrura is
seen to differ in that the fore wings are more deeply infuscated and not
quite so broad, their caudal margin more concavely curved and the scape
and pedicel are darker. Also in luna the midlongitudinal line of discal
cilia is longer and may include as many as eleven cilia. Otherwise I can-
not distinguish between the two. It is distinct from other North American
species. Of the Australian species (harveyi, galtoni, linmri) it is distinct
from all excepting linnan, which it resembles closely. However, linncci dif-
fers in that the proximal tarsal joints are longer, the legs lighter, the fore
wings more deeply infuscated, the scape and pedicel dark. The Australian
linnoci is thus allied with the North American pullicrura (from which it
differs mostly in bearing longer proximal tarsal joints) and this European
species, the three distinguishable only on very slight differences ami yet
undoubtedly distinct species.

From three specimens, two-third-inch objective, 1-inch optic,
Bausch & Lomb.

1 Will be published later.

2 See page 141.

8 Published in these Proceedings Vol. XVI, No. L'.

110 PROCEEDINGS ENTOMOLOGICAL SOCIETY

Male: The same but the scape and pedicel still lighter; antenna? nearly
similar to those of male pullicrura but the flagellar joints lengthen slightly
distad instead of shortening, funiclar joints 3-6 subequal, each about a
sixth longer than either joint 1 or 2.

From three specimens, similarly magnified.

Described from three specimens of each sex mounted together
on a slide received for study from Prof. F. M. Webster through
the kindness of Dr. L. 0. Howard, the slide labelled "6655.
Mymarid parasites of Phytonomus (from shipment from Italy
by Fiske). Salt Lake City, April 8, 1911. T. H. Parkcs."

Habitat: Europe, Italy (Portici); North America (imported)
-Utah (Salt Lake City and Murray).

Host: Phytonomus posticus Gyll.

Types: Cat. No. 15452, United States National Museum,
Washington, D. C., the above specimens three males and three
females.

My attention was drawn to the existence of this species by look-
ing over Bull. No. 112, Bureau of Entomology, U. S. Department
of Agriculture, where on page 35 it is stated that a Mymarid
egg-parasite, Anaphes species, was found in seven shipments of
the Phytonomus from Italy. On the preceding page (fig. 15) an
enlarged figure of the male and the female antenna is given. At
the time, the figure looked to me like Anaphes pratensis Foerster,
the only European Mymarid recorded from North America. I
was therefore anxious to receive specimens, and my application
to Professor Webster, the author of the bulletin mentioned,
resulted in the receipt of a slide bearing the six specimens of the
foregoing species of Anaphoidea. Thus, if the figure is correct,
there must be two distinct species of egg-parasites concerned.
Having a North American (Urbana, Illinois, May 7, 1911) speci-
men of the Anaphes pratensis I compared it with the figure given
in the bulletin and though I cannot be certain, the agreement of
the figure of the female antenna with my specimen is perfect.
The tarsi and wings, however, do not agree and if there has been
no error in the figure, the latter represents a species of Anaphes
different from pratensis.

GENUS ALAPTUS Haliday.

Alaptus animus new species.

l''i-itmle: Length, 0.24 mm. Black suffused with dark brown, the legs and
antennae pale but touched in places with dusky, the antennal club black,
contrasting. Fore wings subhyaline, dusky under the venation; posterior
wings dusky, maculate with whitish. Fore wings narrow, with a mid-
longitudinal lino of from four to five discal cilia, the line rather short and

OF WASHINGTON, VOLU.MK XVI, 1914. Ill

somewhat distad of the mid-distance bet ween apex of \eiiaihm and apex
of wing. Antennae with the proximal funiclar joints more or less cylindrical,
joint 1 short, barely longer than wide, somewhat shorter ili:m funirlar joint
3; joint 2 nearly longest, twice longer than wide hut suhc,|ua! to joint- 1
and 5 which are cylindrical ovate; club long, slender.- conic-ovate, sub-
equal in length to the funicle. Pedicel somewhat longer than any of the
funiclar joints.

Of the Australian species, closes! to newtoni < lira nil , from which it may he
distinguished by its darker body coloration, the pale antennal funicle
contrasting with the dark club and the comparatively great length of the
latter.

Xot known.

Described from two females captured on windows in ;i private
residence at Nelson, North Queensland, November '2'2. ! ( .H 2.
I6th-inch objective, 1-inch optic, Bausch & Lomb.

Habitat: Australia, Nelson (Cairns), Queensland.

Types: No. Hy. 1289, Queensland Mu-euin. Brisbane, the fore-
going specimen on a slide in xyiol-balsam.

Alaptus maccabei new species.

Ahi/iliis immaturus Perkins, ]><>/-tim.

Fondle: Length, 0.33 mm. Black suffused with some brown, the legs
either pallid or dusky, the scape and pedicel pale yellowish. Like imi
turns Perkins, as identified in the paper on Australian Mymarida- !( iirault,
1912) l but the body much darker and the line of ciliation in the disc of the
wing is much longer, extending from apex to the venation. The thorax is
somewhat paler.

Male: Not known.

Described from the two females from Nelson and Herbert on,
Queensland, identified as immaturus Perkins in my paper on
Australian Mymaridse (Part II, Australian Hymenoptera Chal-
cidoidea). 1 The species may be merely a variety of immufuriix;
the specimen of the latter, as identified by myself, had the he:id
and abdomen dark brown, the thorax pale lemon yellow.

Habitat: Australia, Nelson and Herberton, North Queensland.

Tfipe: No. Hy. 1290, Queensland Museum, Brisbane, one fe-
male in balsam (Herberton, Q., 28 Dec., 1911) mounted with tin-
type female of Litus schleideni Girault.

Respectfully dedicated to Joseph McCabe, the former Roman
Catholic priest, now writer on the philosophical questions of the
time.

1 Memoirs Queensland .Museum. Brisbane, I.

112 PROCEEDINGS ENTOMOLOGICAL SOCIETY

PARANAPHOIDEA new genus.

This genus, captured quite accidentally, appears to me to be
quite remarkable in its family, since it bears one or two unique
characteristics. The venation is like that of Stethynium, the
antennae like those of Anaphoidea but the posterior wings are very
broad for the family, neafly like those in the Eulophidse yet
distinctly pedicellate at base. The abdomen bears a distinctly
exserted ovipositor. This genus, for the present, I consider allied
with Anaphoidea.

Female: Head normal, the lateral ocelli distant from the eyes, the an-
tennse inserted about in the middle of the face, 10-jointed, the club obliquely
divided, the pedicel as long as any of the funiclar joints which, excepting
the small first, are all subequal and oval. Tarsi 4-jointed, the first joint
long, the tibial spurs single, those of the cephalic legs, longest, long and very
slenderly acute, straight, not forming a strigil. Fore wings shaped as in
narrow-winged species of Gonatocerus but nearly truncate at apex, the
venation like that in Stethynium, there being a foot-shaped stigmal vein,
quite half as long as the marginal; marginal cilia very short. Abdomen as
long as the thorax, oval, sessile but the phragma apparently absent; ovi-
positor very long, exceedingly fine and slender, inserted at extreme base
of abdomen, exserted with 'its valves for a length equal to half that of the
abdomen and curved. Posterior wings broad and knife-shaped, bearing
about seven lines of sparse discal cilia, the blade over a third the width
of the fore wings, before venation with a slender petiole. Parapsidal fur-
rows complete; scutellum wider than long; axillae not noticeably advanced,
widely separated; pronotum not extending back to the tegulse; meso-
postscutellum as long as the scutum.
Male: Not known.

Type: The following new species.

Paranaphoidea egregia new species.

Female: Length, 0.70 mm., excluding ovipositor. Black, uniquely
marked with golden yellow as follows: The mesopostscutellum golden
yellow with the exception of a prominent, long, elliptical black marking on
each side of the median line and an oblique dash laterad; caudad, the scu-
tum at the caudal margin and mesad with a V-shaped golden yellow mark-
ing; the face; on the vertex, a slender line of yellow runs over the cephalic
ocellus from eye to eye, laterad widening caudad and cephalad, leaving in
the centre of the vertex, two subrectangular areas, before and behind the
cephalic ocellus; the margins of the axillse; lateral portions of each parap-
side, irregular. Legs golden yellow, the tarsi dusky, also the middle of the
caudal femora; antenna? yellow washed with black, the club darker. \Yings
hyaline; fore wings bearing about twenty-six lines of discal cilia, the cili:i-
tion dense, abruptly disappearing some distance out from the venation.

OF WASHINGTON, VOLUME XVI, 1914 113

Posterior marginal cilia of caudal wings not as long as the blade's width
but yet over twice longer than the longest cilia of the fore wing; distal club
joint much longer than proximal.

From one specimen, f-inch objective, 1-inch optic, Bausch and
Lomb.

Male: Not known.

Described from a single female specimen captured from a
window pane in a private residence at Nelson, North Queensland,
December 6, 1912 by Mr. Alan P. Dodd to whom I am indebted
for the specimen.

Habitat: Australia, Nelson (Cairns), Queensland.

Type: No. Hy. 1291, Queensland Museum, Brisbane, the above
described specimen on a slide in xylol-balsam.

GENUS PODAGRION Spinola.

Podagrion beneficium new species.

Female: Length, 2.5 mm.; with ovipositor, 5.2") mm. Dark metallic
green with aeneous and bright bluish tinges; the face brighter green; ex-
serted portion of ovipositor black; antenna; black, excepting the dark
metallic scape which is rufous laterad and centrad but sometimes wholly
black; trochanters, knees, tibia; and tarsi rufous, the coxae and femora con-
colorous with the body, the caudal tibiae blackish for distal four-fifths;
distal tarsal joint black, the posterior tarsi often pallid yellowish. Oral
area black. Wings hyaline, the venation dusky. Teeth of posterior fem-
ora black; immediate base of abdomen more or less slightly rufous espe-
cially ventrad at proximal half. Eyes and ocelli concolorous, garnet.
Mandibles black at tip. Bright metallic blue especially on the abdoin> a
and legs.

Lateral ocelli their own diameter from the eye margin. Head all over
and dorsal thorax densely polygonally sculptured or punctate, the punc-
tures moderate to fine, the abdomen, coxa; and femora polygonally reticu-
lated, the sides of the pro- and meso-thorax more roughly so. Genal suture
fine but distinct. Head, antenna? and thorax bearing short, greyish, moder-
ate pubescence; also on the posterior segments of the abdomen and the leg-;.
Posterior femora with six large teeth and a seventh minute one just proxi-
mad of the fifth tooth. Metathorax with a conspicuous v-shaped median
carina whose apex is at the meson cephalad; the large area cephalo-laterad
of each branch of the carina is densely punctuate nearly like the scutel-
lum while the mesal area included by the two branches of I lie carina is tin-
same but also traversed by an irregular, narrow median carina which sends
off oblique shoots making the area rugose. Laterad there are no carina-
excepting a thin longitudinal one a slight distance laterad of the spiracle.
The metathoracic spiracle is elliptical and slightly curved at one end.
thus subreniform. A fovoa is just caudad of it.

Marginal vein of fore wing long but shorter than the submarginal, tin-

114 PROCEEDINGS ENTOMOLOGICAL SOCIETY

post-marginal vein short but longer than the stigmal. Antennae 13-jointed,
with one ring-joint which is distinct; funiclar joints shortening distad, the
distal two distinctly wider than long, the first two subequal, a fourth longer
than wide, each slightly longer than the pedicel; joint 3 quadrate; joints
4 and 5 subequal, slightly wider than long, while joints 6 and 7 are sub-
equal, each slightly shorter than joint 5; club long, ovate, much wider than
the funicle, its three joints subequal in length and as long as the proximal
joint of the funicle. Mandibles dentate.

From many specimens, f-inch objective, 1-inch, optic, Bausch and
Lomb.

Male: The same but the funiclar joints are all distinctly longer, the club
shorter, not wider, or scarcely, than the funicle, its distal joint short;
antenna lighter distad and the abdomen differs as it should for this sex in
this genus. The proximal funiclar joint is nearly twice longer than wide,
longer than the second joint and none of the joints of the funicle are wider
than long.

From many specimens, the same magnification.

Described from twenty-seven pairs reared at the same time from
two common large mantid egg masses taken from trees in a forest
near Nelson, N. Q., June 25, 1912. The young mantids and the
parasites issued on July 4. The hosts were of the same species
and the egg masses were of the usual form.

Habitat: Australia, Nelson near Cairns, North Queensland.

Types: No. Hy. 1170, Queensland Museum, Brisbane, two males,
two females, on cardpoints, four pins. Cotypes C&t. No. 15361,
United States National Museum, Washington, D. C., two pairs
on cardpoints.

This species is allied to olenus Walker but has a lateral carina
on the propodeum and the median carina is divided at the imme-
diate base of the segment. 1

GENUS ASAPHES Walker.
Asaphes americana, new species.

Female: Length, 2.00 mm. Dark metallic green, the coxa) concolorous,
tjie legs yellow, pallid yellow at the tarsi; wings hyaline; antenna) black;

1 The following notes comparing this species with P. olcim* Walker are
added at the request of the author. The cotypes sent were shipped in a
vial together with a ball of cotton, just the size to roll back and forth in
the vial so that the specimens were almost completely dismembered when
they arrived.

In P. olenus Walker the antennae are rufous with the pedicel much longer
than the first joint of the funicle, there are usually six teeth (counting the
apical one which is bidentate at apex, as two) on the hind femora and all
about equal in size (in beneficium some of the medial teeth are much smaller
than the rest); front and middle legs brown with no greenish tinge.

In the male cotypes sent the hind femora have only three teeth larger
than in the female and so in this respect are not similar to the female.

J. C. CRAWFORD.

OF WASHINGTON, VOLUME XVI, 11)11 115

femora suffused with fuscous. Venation smoky brown. Marginal vein
subequal to the Ions stiginal, the post-marginal vein somewhat longer.
Cephalic tibial spur forming a strigil. Antenna; 13-jointcd with 'J ring-
joints the second of which is rather large, twice the size of the first, which is
larger than the usual ring-joint; the funiclar joints widening dislad, all
wider than long and shorter than the pedicel; joints 1-3 of the funicle sub-
equal, each twice the size of the second ring-joint; funiclar joints 1 and ">
subequal, somewhat larger, 6 still somewhat larger; club ovate, not wider
than the last funiclar joint, the 3 joints subequal, each somewhat longer
than joint 6 of the funicle. Scape long and slender. Body polygonally
sculptured.

From four specimens, f-inch objective, 1-inch optic, Bausch and
Lomb.

Male: Length, 1.75 mm. The same but the abdomen is rounded and
depressed, the antennal club more thickened and stouter, wider than the
distal funiclar joint; the flagellum is yellowish white, the pedicel dark, the
ring-joints more or less dusky.

From one specimen, the same magnification.

Described from one male and four females mounted singly in
balsam.

Received for identification from R, L. Webster of the Iowa
Agricultural Experiment Station and labeled as follow.-: 'Exp.
101, 12 and 13 June, 1912. From Hampton, la. R, L. Webster,"
2 slides 1 cf, 1 9; "Exp. 102. June 12, 1912. From Hampton,
Iowa, R. L. Webster," 1 9; "Exp. 147, 27 June, 1912. Ames,
Iowa. R. L. W.," 1 9; and "Exp. 164, 26 June, 1912. Ames,
la. R, L. W."

Habitat: North America Ames and Hampton, Iowa ( I". S. A.J.

Types: Cat, No. 15655, United States National Museum, Wash-
ington, D. C., the five slides as above.

This species differs from vulgaris Walker in having the legs
light yellow instead of ferruginous with darker femora, and in
having the pedicel shorter.

GENUS ELASMUS WESTWOOD.

Elasmus proserpinensis new species.

Female: Length, 2.00mm. lAke flavipostscutellum (the postscutellum
whitish except along extreme base) but the abdomen is wholly shining black,
the legs distinctly more colored, only the articulations and tibia- pallid yel-
low; and the teguhr and scape are pale yellow. \Yrtex rather densely
umbilicately punctate; femora and coxa- sculptured. Antenna- 10-jointed,
with the first ring-joint very short, hidden; differing from those of flavi-
postscutellum in that tin- proximal funiclar joint is distinctly longer than
the pedicel and the joints are all somewhat longer; the proximal club joint
forms nearly half of that region. The mandibles bear seven teeth, three

116 PROCEEDINGS ENTOMOLOGICAL SOCIETY

outer (lateral) large ones and four small inner ones. Occiput wholly black.
Wings hyaline.

From one specimen, f-inch objective, 1-inch optic, Bausch and Lomb.

Male: Not known.

Described from a single female specimen captured while sweep-
ing foliage and grass on a forest-meadow near the town of Pro-
serpine, Q., November 2, 1912.

Habitat: Australia, Proserpine, Queensland.

Type: No. Hy. 1278, Queensland Museum, Brisbane, the fore-
going female on a tag, plus the head crushed in xylol-balsam.

In my table of the Australian species of the genus, this species
falls in with its ally, flavipostscutellum.

Elasmus cyanella new species.

Male: Length, 1.50 mm. Like cyaneus but the postscutellum has a trans-
verse yellowish line across it and the cephalic femora are as dark as the
others, as are also the proximal tarsal joints. The fourth antennal joint
of the female is very long, about twice the length of the club; the proxi-
mal club-joint forms half of the club. The mandibles are 5-dentate, three
small inner teeth, two larger, unequal, outer ones, the second tooth longest.

From one specimen, magnified as above.

One male captured by sweeping grass in a forest near Proser-
pine, Q., November 3, 1912. This species may be the male
either of cyaneus or else of proserpinensis. It nearly agrees with
cyaneus in all excepting the yellow on the postscutellum and
minor mandibular characters; it differs from proserpinensis in
general body coloration and in bearing two less mandibular teeth.

Habitat: Australia, Proserpine, Queensland.

Type: No. Hy. 1279, Queensland Museum, Brisbane, the above
male on a tag plus the head crushed on a slide in xylol-balsam.

Elasmus flavipostscutellum Girault.

This species was captured at Proserpine, Queensland, by sweep-
ing grass in a forest, November 3, 1912; a female, also a male at
the same time. On this male the band of the abdomen was lemon
yellowish with a silvery tinge and the postscutellum had only a
lemon yellow stripe across it near base, the caudal coxa j dark
only along dorsal margins.

Elasmus mimiehaha new species.

Mule: Length, 1.20mm. Dark metallic green the abdomen with a yel-
lowish band around it just out from the base; cephalic legs pale yellow,
including coxa;; all of tibiae the same color; intermediate and caudal coxa;
black except at tips; intermediate femora black except for some distance
from each end; caudal femora black at distal half except at tip, pale yel-

OF WASHINGTON*, VOLUME XVI, 1914 1 1 7

low at proximal half or nearly, the proximal margin of the black cuneately
scooped out. Tarsi dusky. Wings subhyaline. Fourth funiclar joint
longer than the club. Mandibles 5-dentate.

From one specimen, similarly magnified.

Female: Not known.

Described from a male captured by sweeping foliage and grass
in an open forest at Proserpine, Queensland, November 3, 1912.
Like impudens but differing in the coloration of the legs and abdo-
men, the band of the latter much broader; also somewhat like
minor but differing in the coloration of the legs, especially the
femora.

Habitat: Australia, Proserpine, Queensland.

Type: No. Hy. 1280, Queensland Museum, Brisbane, the above
male mounted in xylol-balsam.

Later, a second male was found, collected at the same time; in
this specimen the femora were nearly wholly black.

Elasmus fasciativentris new species.

Female: Length, 2.5 mm. Metallic green but very dark, the proximal
two-thirds of the abdomen orange yellow, immaculate and extending farther
caudad on the venter but along the dorsum crossed by four conspicuous
broad blackish bands, the widest of which is at the base of the abdomen
and is metallic ; there are thus in the centre of the dorsum three broad black
bands of about equal width and not extending into the dorso-lateral aspects.
Tip of abdomen black for some distance (about distal third) . TegukE, post-
seutellum, oral area broadly, scape and legs pale lemon yellow, the latter
still paler, including the coxse, the tarsi blackish, the caudal coxa with its
proximal two-thirds metallic green, the caudal tibia with the usual arrange-
ment of black spines. Flagellum blackish, the pedicel lighter. Wings
subhyaline, the venation dark. Funiclar joints subequal, longer than wide,
the first somewhat longest, longer and stouter than the pedicel. Face with
thimble punctures.

From one specimen, similarly magnified.

Male: Not known.

Described from a single female captured by sweeping grass and
foliage in a forest at Nelson, N. Q., November 28, 1912 (Alan P.
Dodd).

Habitat: Australia, Nelson (Cairns), N. Q.

Type: No. Hy. 1292, Queensland Museum, Brisbane, the above
specimen on a tag.

Elasmus australiensis has the postscutellum wholly lemon
yellow; also vicinus; the latter should therefore be grouped with
flavipostscutellum; insularis has a narrow transverse yellow band
across the base of the same sclerite.

V

118 PROCEEDINGS ENTOMOLOGICAL SOCIETY

UFENSIA new genus.

Female: The same as Ufens in all structures, but the abdomen is longer,
pointed conic-ovate, longer than the thorax, the ovipositor long, inserted
at base of abdomen and distinctly exserted, the valves projecting beyond
the tip of the abdomen for a length equal to about a third or somewhat
less, the abdomen's length. Marginal and stigmal veins short, the former
nearly a third shorter than the latter which is well-developed. Strigils
absent. Mandibles apparently tridentate. The funicle twisted, the
club 3-jointed.

Male: Not known.

This genus is omitted from my table of Australian genera of
the family now (October, 1912) in course of publication; it would
fall near Neobrachistella Girault because of the exserted ovipositor.

Type: The following species.

Ufensia pretiosa new species.

Female: Length, 1 .00 mm . , including the ovipositor which is about 0.20 mm .
long. Similar to the Australian species of Ufens (more nearly to herculcs)
but differing in specific details. Black, the head except occiput and the
base of the abdomen in the centre of the dorsum, orange yellow. Antennae
dusky pallid, the club more or less obscurely banded by two pallid bars.
Legs black, the articulations, knees, tips of tibia? and proximal two tarsal
joints white, the posterior tibia? nearly all white, the proximal two-thirds
obscurely dusky. Wings hyaline, the venation black. Ovipositor black.

Posterior wings with three long lines of discal ciliation, the fore wings
bearing about nineteen lines. Marginal cilia of fore wing very short.
Distal tarsal joint longest.

From a single specimen, -inch objective, 1-inch optic, Bausch and
Lomb.

Male: Not known.

Described from a single female captured by sweeping grass in a
forest near Nelson, N. Q., October 10, 1912.

Habitat: Australia, Nelson near Cairns, Queensland.

Type: No. Hy. 1173, Queensland Museum, Brisbane, the fore-
going female in xylol-balsam mounted with an OUgosita.

GENUS PROSPALTELLA Ashmead.

Prospaltella bears an oblique, short but nonsessile stigmal vein ;
Coccophagus bears usually a short sessile one, at right angles to
the marginal vein as in the Entedonini.

Prospaltella nigrifemur new species.

Female: Length, 0.75 mm., including ovipositor. Sooty black, the wings
hyaline, the ovipositor exserted for a fourth (more or less) the length of the

OF WASHINGTON, VOLUME XVI, 1914 119

abdomen. Legs pale whitish except cox;v, hind knees and femora and proxi-
mal portions of other femora. Antennae dusky pallid, the funiclar joints
all about twice longer than wide, the club-joints a little shorter, the flagel-
lum filiform; pedicel distinctly shorter than the funiclar joints taken sepa-
rately. Thorax finely reticulated. Hind wings with six lines of discal
cilia, the lines in pairs middle, caudal and cephalic the booklets distad
of the middle of the blade, the caudal marginal cilia slightly shorter than
the greatest width (at the hooklets). Fore wings with about fifteen lines
of discal cilia, the longest marginal cilia distinctly shorter than the same
cilia of the hind wing. Ovipositor white, the valves black. Terminal
segment of abdomen shortly conical, the valves of the ovipositor extruded
beyond it for about its own length (that is, the length of the terminal
segment.)

Male: Not known.

Described from fifteen females "from Aleurodes sp. on Ficus,
June 13, 1913."

Habitat: Passoeroean, Java.

Types: Seven females on a slide (Queensland Museum).

GENUS TRICHOGRAMMA Westwood

Trichogramma australicum Girault.

A female agreeing with the description of this species from
the eggs of Grapholita schistaceana, Passoeroean, Java, Sept. 15,
1913 (P. van der Goot). Also many specimens from Diatrcea
striatalis, Passoeroean, August 25, 1913 and from the eggs of
Chilo infuscatellus, Passoeroean, August 20, 1913 (P. van d<r
Goot).

In regard to some of these specimens van der Goot wrote:
"These I am mainly sending you, because I can't make sure
myself whether they ought to be ranged under Trichogramma
or Trichogrammatoidea. I find very minute, little knoblike
appendages on the funiculus and the four last antennal joints of
all." In the specimens of auxtmliriim from Chilo, I also observed
these organs quite as they occur in Trichogrammatoidea; they were
on the female funicle. Trichogrammatoidea, thus, is not charac-
terized by bearing these minute organs but solely by the differ-
ent male antenna and the longer marginal fringes on the fore
wing.

It strikes me that the occurrence of these organs is very rare
Trichogramma, since I have never seen them before. Are they
conidial spores of fungi?

120 PROCEEDINGS ENTOMOLOGICAL SOCIETY

TWO HUNDEED AND SEVENTY-SEVENTH MEETING,

MAY 7, 1914.

The following program was presented:

On Parthenogenesis A. C. Baker 1

The Cotton Boll Weevil in Cuba G. N. Wolcott

Classification of Cerambycid Larvae Subfamily Prioninse. . .F. C. Craighead 1
The Present Status of Muscoid Taxonomy on the Basis of Reproductive

Characters.. ..J. M. Aldrich 1

THE COTTON BOLL WEEVIL IN CUBA.

BY G. N. WOLCOTT, Porto Rico Board of Agriculture.

The earliest record of the boll weevil in Cuba was made by
Suffrian 2 in 1871, at which time he recorded it from Cardenas and
San Cristobal.

It was next recorded from the island by Gundlach 3 in 1891.

After the American occupation of Cuba the boll weevil began
to attract considerable attention. In 1902 it became quite in-
jurious to cotton at Cayamas. Mr. Schwarz visited this locality
in 1903 and published his report in the Proceedings of this
Society. 4

The next notice of the insect's occurrence in the island was
published by Mr. Cook 5 in 1906, at which time he reported it
from Santiago de las Vegas, in addition to places previously
reported.

While in Cuba during the winter of 1911-12 a few observations
were made on the presence, or rather the absence of the cotton
boll weevil. I was fortunate in meeting Mr. H. A. Van Hermann
on the occasion of the visit and he told me that when he came to
Cuba about a dozen years ago, there was a great increase in the
acreage devoted to the cultivation of cotton, but that the boom
was suddenly checked by a plague of boll weevils which entirely
destroyed the crop for a series of years. His observations were
made at the grounds of Estacioii Agronomica at Santiago de las

1 Withdrawn for publication elsewhere.

2 E. Suffrian. Verzeichniss der von Dr. Gundlach auf der Insel Cuba
gesammelten Rlisselkafer. Archiv. f. Naturg., vol. 37, Jahrg. 13, pt. 1,
pp. 130-131.

3 Juan Gundlach. Contribucion a la entomologia Cubana, vol. 3, pt.
5, p. 285.

4 E. A. Schwarz. The cotton boll weevil in Cuba. Proc. Ent. Soc.
Wash., vol. 6, pp. 13-17. January 15, 1904.

5 Mel T. Cook. Insectos y enfermedades del algodon. Primer Informe
Anual de la Estacion Central Agronomica de Cuba, pp. 178-180, 1 fig. 1906.

OF WASHINGTON, VOLUME XVI, 11)11 121

Vegas, and at other points in Havana and Pinar del Rio province-.
Immediately following this serious outbreak of the boll weevil,
the production of cotton became so unprofitable that none at all
was planted, except for a few small plots at the K<tacion.. This
alone would not have caused the extermination of the boll weevil,
as numerous tree cotton plants remained, growing wild or in
dooryards, which would furnish* a constant food supply. A scries
of violent hurricanes, however, subsequently destroyed all tin-
large cotton trees in western Cub;i.

When Mr. P. P. Cardin arrived at the Estacion Agronomica in
1908 or 1909, he found no boll weevils on the cotton growing
there and he has collected none in all the time he has been ento-
mologist there. When I arrived in November, 1911, a thorough
search was made for the weevil in the plants at the Mstacimi
and they were examined every month thereafter until my depar-
ture in May, 1912, without success.

Mr. Van Hermann also told me of Sr. Lorenzo Sane-hex who was
attempting to grow cotton at Artemisa, Pinar del Rio Province
and seemed to be having considerable success. I visited Mr.
Sanchez' place, Finca Consolacion, a plantation of the Artemisa
Tobacco Co., about a mile west of Artemisa, on May 3, 1912.
Mr. Sanchez has been growing cotton for three years, each year
putting in an increased acreage, and had never seen any boll wee-
vils in his cotton. I was unable to find any, although a careful
search was made. He said he knew of no tree cotton anywhere for
miles around which might serve as food plants for the weevil
during the years when no cultivated cotton had been grown in
western Cuba. He stated that one of the errors of those who
grew cotton years ago was to plant in May or June, with the
beginning of the rainy season and to attempt to harvest the crop
in the early months of the dry season, December or January.
He had adopted an entirely different plan of cropping, as the
cotton was planted towards the end of the rainy season, October
or November, and harvested in the spring before the rains began.
At the time I was there, most of the cotton had been picked out,
his plants had dropped most of their leaves, had turned brown and
there were very few immature bolls.

During January and February, 1914, I visited Cuba and again
examined the cotton at Estacion Agronomica but found 110 boll
weevils. On January 13th, I visited the Harvard Experiment
Station, conducted by Mr. Robert M. Grey of Central Soledad,
Cienfuegos, Santa Clara Province. Mr. Grey staled positively
that he had known the boll weevil as long as he had been in ( 'uba
(20 years) and that it was undoubtedly present in the vicinity of
Cienfuegos at the present time. Neither of us were able to find
any weevils, or any indications of their presence, on several bushe-

122 PROCEEDINGS ENTOMOLOGICAL SOCIETY

of tree cotton and plants of cultivated (similar to Sea Island)
cotton.

On February 13, 1914, at a scattering collection of houses and a
"tienda" (country store) called Bejuquero, Central Chaparra,
Oriente, I found in the dooryard of one of the houses, three
cotton plants (similar to Sea Island) which had matured quite a
number of bolls, but would probably mature very few more, as
most of the squares had been punctured by the boll weevil. I
collected eight adults, all but two of which were destroyed by
"hormiga brava," Solenopsis geminata, a few days later. One
cotton plant at Vedado, Central Chaparra, only about five miles
from Bejuquero, examined February 20, showed no injury by
the weevil and no adults were found. Some cotton plants in a
dooryard in the village of Chaparra showed no injury by weevil
and I found no adults. No cotton is grown commercially at
Chaparra, so far as I was able to learn, although I enquired spe-
cifically regarding this point of Mr. Pupo, who has charge of all
the sugar cane field inspection work, and I saw no other volunteer
cotton plants during my stay of over three w r eeks at Central
Chaparra.

I also visited the island of Jamaica during March, 1914. I found
no boll weevils on any of the varieties of cotton grown at Hope
Gardens, Kingston. Haytian cotton was most abundant, although
I examined plants of Sea Island, or what was possibly Cuban
commercial cotton, and of the ordinary upland variety of the
South. I was informed that this was the only cotton on the island
of Jamaica.

NOTES ON THE CHALCIDOID FAMILY CALLIMOMIDAE.

BY J. C. CRAWFORD, U. S. National Museum.

Since a new subfamily is described I have given, to locate this
as well as two others characterized since the publication of Dr.
Ashmead's monograph, a table based on his but much abbre-
viated. For additional characteristics his table should be con-
sulted. Attention is again called to the fact that the Megastig-
minae possess two well developed apical spurs on the hind tibiae.
No specimens of either the Pulvilligerinse or the Eutanycorminse
have been seen and they are placed in this table solely from the
original descriptions.

OF WASHINGTON, VOLUME XVI, nil ]_'.;

TABLE OF SUBFAMILIK>.

1. Mesothoracic furrows not well defined, the scapula' scarcely or indis-

tinctly separated; abdomen in female conically pointed, ovipositor

not exserted Ormyrina-

Mesothoracic furrows well defined 2

2. Hind tibia? with one apical spur Kriim'rina- ni-\\- siibf.

Hind tibiae with two apical spurs .3

3. Stigmal knob greatly dilated 4

Stigmal knob not greatly dilated 5

4. Male antennas with whorls of hair Pulvilligerina-

Male antenna; without whorls of hair Megastigmina-

5. Antenna? densely pilose; no postmarginal vein Kutanyconnina-

Antenna? not densely pilose; postmarginal vein developed 6

6. Posterior margin of mesepisternum incised .7

Posterior margin of mesepisternum straight 8

7. Stigmal vein long Idarninae

Stigmal vein short, the stigmal knob subsessile Callimomina?

8. Hind femora not much swollen, their tibia? not arcuate.

,\ 1 ( modontomerina?
Hind femora much swollen, their tibia? arcuate Podagrionina?

ERIMERINAE NEW SUBFAMILY.
ERIMERUS new genus.

Hind tibia? with only one apical spur, this very well developed; antenna' 13
jointed, the ring joint distinctly longer than broad, but narrower than the
first joint of the funicle; parapsidal furrows well defined; mesepisternum
not excised on posterior margin; scutellum without a cross furrow; propo-
deum longitudinally rugulose; the postmarginal vein almost as long as the
marginal which is short; stigmal knob subsessile, with two appendicula-
tions; basal abdominal segment not excised medially at apex.

Type of the genus: Torymus wickhami Ashmead.

In addition to the two type specimens there are in the collection
three females from Central, Utah, bred, July 13. 1911, by Mr. ( '. X.
Ainslie [under Webster no. 5010 (Bureau of Entomology, I. S.
Department of Agriculture)] from galls on Hilarhi.

TABLE OF GENERA OF THE MONODONTOMERIN^E.

1. Antenna? with 2 ring joints

Antenna? with only 1 ring joint 4

2. Front femora much swollen, pronotuni very lon.n

l'l> sioi i ''!> "/' 8 \>!im.
Xot as above. .

124 PROCEEDINGS ENTOMOLOGICAL SOCIETY

3. Spiracles at extreme base of propodeum Dimeromicrus Cwfd.

Spiracles about their own length eaudad of base of propodeum

Idiomacromerus new genus

4. Scutellum with a cross-furrow before apex 5

Scutellum without a cross-furrow before apex 8

5. Apical margin of first abdominal segment deeply incised medially. . 6
Apical margin of first abdominal segment not deeply incised medially 7

6. Spurs on hind tibia? apical Monodontomerus \Vest\v.

Spurs on hind tibia? much before apex Perissocentrus Cwfd.

7. Hind femora with 2 large teeth Physothurax Mayr

Hind femora with 1 large tooth Plesiostigma Mayr

8. Metathorax with spiraclar sulci Hemitorymus Ashrn.

Metathorax without spiraclar sulci 9

9. Occipital foramen surrounded by a carina. 12

Occipital foramen not surrounded by a carina 10

10. First abdominal segment deeply incised medially at apex 11

First abdominal segment not incised medially at apex; propodeum

not with 2 medial carina? Microdontomerus Cwfd.

11. Propodeum medially bicarinate Ditropinotus Cwfd.

Propodeum medially not carinate Antistrophoplex new genus

12. Apical margin of first abdominal segment not incised medially 13

Apical margin of first segment incised medially 14

13. Eyes conspicuously hairy Oligosthenus Forst

Eyes not conspicuously hairy Cryptopristus Forst. cf

14. Wings without a stigmal cloud 15

\Yings with a stigmal cloud Cryptopristus Forst. 9

15. Hind femora *vith a large tooth or prominent dentiform angle;

metathorax not with two medial carinse 16

Hind femora without a large tooth or dentiform angle; metathorax
with two medial carinse 9 , in cf obsolete Eridontomerus Cwfd.

16. Propodeum with a medial carina Zaglyptonotus new genus

Propodeum not carinate medially 17

17. Hind femora basad of large tooth distinctly serrate. Websterellus Ashm.
Hind femora basad of large tooth not with small teeth or serrations

Holaspis Mayr.

IDIOMACROMERUS new genus.

Occipital foramen margined, first abdominal segment incised medially
at apex; hind femora on lower margin excised at apex; marginal vein much
shorter than submarginal; postmarginal vein about half as long as marginal;
stigma knob not subsessile, the stigmal vein almost as long as postmarginal;
eyes hairy.

Type of the genus: Idiomacromerus bimaculipennis Crawford.

Idiomacromerus bimaculipennis n. sp.

Female: Length about 3.5 mm. ; ovipositor 1.75 mm. Brilliant coppery
with greenish in places, head and thorax rugoso-punctate, antennae brown,

OF WASHINGTON, VOLUME XVI, 1!>14 125

the scape and pedicel testaceous; first ring joint subquadrate, second trans-
verse; funiclar joints subquadrate; propodeum hasally with short ruga?
so the base appears as if with a row of pits; wings hyaline, with an irregu-
lar ovoid fumated spot at base of marginal vein and a fumation at post-
marginal vein, this extending almost half way across wing and, turning
centrad extends with decreasing intensity as far contrad as the base of
the other spot, there being a narrow subhyaline space between them; !
soppery with the tips of femora, the tibia? and tarsi, entirely testaceous.

One specimen labelled "23.6" (June 23). Type specimen Cat.
No. 18168 U. S. N. M. Type locality: American Fork Canyon,
Utah.

ANTISTROPHOPLEX new genus.

Eyes bare; marginal vein short, the stigmal knob almost subsessile.
postmarginal vein about half as long as marginal; hind tibial spui-s rather
short, the longer not half as long as the first joint of the tarsi.

Type: Antistrophopkx bicoloripes Crawford.

Antistrophoplex bicoloripes n. sp.

Female: Length about 3 mm..; ovipositor about 2.5 mm. Head and
thorax bronzy-green, finely rugoso-punctate, antenme brown, the scape
reddish-testaceous, the pedicel greenish with the apex testaceous; pedicel
longer than the first joint of the funicle, the funiclar joints subquadrate;
propodeum faintly reticulately aciculate; wings hyaline, marginal vein
short, the postmarginal vein almost as'long as the marginal, the stigmal
shorter than postmarginal; coxse and about the basal half of all femora
greenish, apical half of femora and all of tibia? reddish-testaceous; tarsi
more whitish; abdomen greenish, dorsallv and basally brown with a greenish
reflection.

Type locality: Garden City, Kansas. Bred from galls of ' Anli-
slrophus species. Type-specimen, Cat. No. 18169 U. S. N. M.

Described from six females received from the Bureau of Knto-
mology, U. S. Department of Agriculture, under Chittenden No.
84, with the additional record, "bred from galls on a composite,
collected September 14, 1913, by C. H. Popenoe.'

ZAGLYPTONOTUS new genus.

Marginal vein about two-thirds as long as submarginal, stigmal knob
subsessile; postmarginal short, hardly one-third as long as marginal:
posterior tarsi about one-third longer than hind tibia-, the first tarsal joint
not quite as long as 2-5 combined; hind tibial spurs long, tin- lomier as
long as the first joint of the tarsus; hind femora with a minute tooth on
lower margin near apex and excised beyond this.

126 PROCEEDINGS ENTOMOLOGICAL SOCIETY

Type: Zaglijptonotus schwarz-i Crawford.

Zaglyptonotus schwarzi new species.

Female: Length about 3 mm.; ovipositor about 3.5 mm. Green with a
brassy tinge; antennae brown, the scape and pedicel green; vertex and
dorsum of mesothorax rugoso-punctate on front of mesoscutum and para-
sidal areas the sculpture aciculate in somewhat diamond shapes as in
many species of Monodontomerus ; wings hyaline; legs green, the tibise
brown, with only a slight greenish tinge, the tarsi testaceous.

Type locality: San Diego, Texas. Type specimen, Cat, No.
18178 U. S. N. M. Described from three females labelled "24.4"
(April 24) E. A. Schwarz, collector.

DESCRIPTIONS OF TWO NEW SPECIES OF STREPSIPTERA
PARASITIC ON SUGAR CANE INSECTS.

BY W. DWIGHT PIERCE, Bureau of Entomology.

Although the order Strepsiptera is composed entirely of parasitic
insects, the majority of the species of which the hosts are known
attack insects of no great economic importance. For a number of
years the entomologists of Hawaii sought in various parts of the
world parasites of the sugar cane leaf hoppers, including the
Strepsiptera in their searches. They brought to light several
interesting species, parasitic on different leaf hoppers (Homop-
tera) .

I am now able to describe two additional species of Halictop-
hagidse important as enemies B of sugar cane leaf hoppers from the
two hemispheres. One was 'obtained in very large numbers by
Mr. Thomas H. Jones of Porto Rico at Rio Piedras, as a parasite of
the destructive Stenucranus saccharivorus Westwood, the other was
found by Mr. C. S. Misra, at Pusa, India, as a parasite of the sugar
cane fly of India, Pyrilla sp. The sugar cane leaf hopper of Fiji,
Perkins iela vitiensis Kirkaldy has already been recorded as com-
monly parasitized by an Elenchid, Elenchoides perkinsi Pierce.

The genus Stenocramis belongs to the Fulgorid family Delpha-
cidse, and the genus Pyrilla belongs to the Fulgorid family
Lophopidae..

Family Halictophagidae.

SUBFAMILY ANTHERICOMMINAE.
STENOCRANOPHILUS new genus.

Male: Head excavated behind, seen from above consisting of a narrow
arcuate rim supporting the eyes and produced considerably in front of these

OF WASHINGTON, VOLUMK XVI, KU4 1_'7

to form the tip of the sulcate frontal projection, at the sides of which the
antennae are inserted. Eyes very large, convex, reaching and touching
the base of the elytra. Mandibles very short, broad and blunt, not reach-
ing within their own length of each other. Maxilla- a little longer, two
jointed, cylindrical, the first joint almost twice as thick as the second, and
neither quite as long as the mandibles. Antenna? elongate, seven jointed,
flattened foliaceous, with large sensory pits; first two joints simple, third to
sixth moderately elongate, each produced just before the attachment of the
succeeding joint into a broad flattened lamina not much more than twice as
long as the main stem; seventh joint also produced, laminate. Pronotum
subquadrate, cut off at sides by -head. Mcsonotum band-like, also in-
cluded within the cavity of the head. Elytra elongate. Mefanolmn with
prsescutum elongate, convex at base, sides roundingly approximate toward
apex, where they almost meet; scuti narrow, elongate, only a little longer
than prsescutum; scutellum broad, quadrate, basally convex, apically
bisinuate, not much longer than postlumbium; postlumbium at least two-
thirds as long as wide; postscutellum long, broad; femoralia reaching to
middle of postscutellum. Wings with radial vein meeting the costal mar-
gin beyond the middle, a small detached cloudy vein behind the tip of tin-
radius, medius strong, with a long anterior cloudy branch, cubitus missing,
first anal merely a cloudy vein, second anal strong, third anal missing.
Tarsi three-jointed, the first joint of different shape from the following;
claws absent. (Edeagus strongly bent ; the under side being twice bent and
the upper thrice ; the last bend being a very strong reflexion at apical fourt h ;
apex very acute.

The generic name is derived from Stenocranus (the host genus)
+ <tXos (loving), signifying a parasite of Stenocranus.
Type of genus, quadratus n. sp.

Stenocranophilus quadratus new species.

Described from one type and five paratype males bred by
T. H. Jones, October 19, 1912 from two female and four iiymphal
Stenocranus saccharivorus Westwood collected October 14, and 16,
1912 from sugarcane at Rio Piedras, Porto Rico, and bearing the
Porto Rico Sugar Planter's Association accession number "847-
1912." One paratype was returned to the association. The
specific name is intended to draw attention to the quadrate form
of the pronotum and the scutellum. This form of scutellum lias
not heretofore been found in the Halictophagidae.

Mule: Length 0.9 mm., wing expanse 2 mm. Color golden brown. Ver\
few points not mentioned in the generic description remain to be noted.
The first tarsal joint is broad, apically broadest and somewhat acute on
outer angle, the point of attachment of the second is subapical at the inner
angle; the point of attachment on the second joint is dorsal and very near

128 PROCEEDINGS ENTOMOLOGICAL SOCIETY

its base, this joint and the third are both slender at base, gradually en-
larged, pulvillate beneath, apically truncate. The antennae are quite
long, the stem portions of the joints being longer than usual. The last
joint reaches as far back as the scutellum. The length of the praescutum
and scutellum about equals that of the postlumbium and postscutellum.

Female: Cephalothorax about 0.2 mm. long, golden yellow, not much
darker behind the opening of the brood canal; almost one quarter longer
than wide; sides constricted at base, parallel at middle, angulate and
convergent from anterior third, sinuate at apex. Mandibles large, obtuse
with outer edges marginal; front convex extending beyond mandibles and
separating them by a little more than their width. Opening of brood
canal broad, trapezoidal. Spiracles ventral, close to margin.

Type, four paratype males, and allotype female in U. S. Nat.
Mus., Cat. No. 18813.

SUBFAMILY HALICTOPHAGINAE.
PYRILLOXENOS new genus.

Male: Head not conspicuously excavated behind. Eyes large, convex
with very large facets. Mandibles short, triangular, glabrous. Antenna?
short, seven-jointed, flattened foliaceous, with large sensory pits; first
two joints simple, the second shorter; the remaining five joints crowded,
each broadened laterally in a broad lamina, the apices of which are about
even with each other, the entire antennae not longer than width of head.

Pronotum very short, transverse bandlike. Mesonotum a little longer,
also bandlike. Elytra pedunculate, spatulate, sensitive, pubescent.
Metanotum with prsescutum rounded, keystone-shape, truncate, sinuate
at apex, longer than scutellum and postlumbium together; scuti oblique,
considerably surpassing prsescutum at outer angles and supporting it by
a tiny projection at inner angles; scutellum broad, irregular in outline,
narrower at base than praescutum, broadening in a concave line behind scuti,
with anterior angles rounded, almost rectangular, and posterior angles
diagonally produced as quadrate peduncles, apex otherwise truncate;
postlumbium short, transverse, fitting in between and scarcely surpassing
the posterior peduncles of the scutellum; postscutellum large, convex,
broadly rounded.

Tarsi three-jointed, the first joint mucronate; claws absent. Eighth
ventral segment acutely produced beneath ninth. Anal segment small,
flaplike. CEdeagus strongly bent, broad near base, rectangularly bent near
apex, apical process slender and very acute.

The generic name is derived from Pyrilla (the host genus) +
Xenos (the typical Strepsipterous genus), signifying a Strepsip-
terous parasite of Pyrilla.

Type of genus, compactus n. sp.

OF WASHINGTON, VOLUME XVI, 1914 129

Pyrilloxenos compactus new species.

Described from a type female, and allotype male, and two
paratype females from Pusa, Behar, India, collected by C. S.
Misra.

The material was collected in August, 1907, March 15, 1913 and
May 23, 1914. The host is an undetermined species of Pyrilla.
The specimens collected in August, 1907 consist of allotype male,
male pupa cephalotheca, and three paratype females with tri-
ungulinids. This material is the property of the Entomological
Section, Agricultural Research Institute, Pusa. The type is
deposited in the United States National Museum, and a paratype
female is in the author's collection. The author is indebted to
Mr. T. Bainbridge Fletcher, Imperial Entomologist, for the
material. The specific name is intended to draw attention to the
compact appearance of the antennae.

Male: Length 1.5 mm. The tarsi are very small. The anterior tibiae
are very robust and shorter than on the other legs. The antennae are
much more compact than is usual in this family. The mandibles can not
meet. The remainder of the description is to be drawn from the generic
description. The specimen was unfortunately boiled in caustic potash
and is therefore very hard to study.

Female: Cephalothorax, golden yellow to brownish, broader than long;
constricted behind spiracles; sides quite evenly rounded; apex sinuate.
Mandibles obtuse, separated by almost three times their width. Front
convex. Spiracles just touching margin.

Type in U. S. Nat. Mus. Cat. No. 18814.

A NEW TACHINID PARASITE OF DIAPHEROMERA
FEMORATA SAY.

BY W. R. WALTON, Bureau of Entomology.

Two species of Tachinidse parasitic upon the Phasmidse are
at present known to science. The first species was described by
Pantel 1 in 1898 as having been reared from Leptynia hispanica
Bal. in Europe. The second has been recently described by Mr.
C. H. T. Townsend 2 reared by the brothers Severin from Diaphero-
mera femorata Say. in Wisconsin. A third parasite of this same
host is herewith described. It is generic-ally closely related to
Hallidaya Egger, but is apparently distinct because of the posi-
tion of the antenna above the center of the eye and of the greater

1 La Cellule XV-290.

2 Annals Ent. Soc. Am. Vol. II, p. 243.

130 PROCEEDINGS ENTOMOLOGICAL SOCIETY

length of the same in Euhallidaya. It seems remarkable that the
three known parasites of the Phasmidae should prove to be widely
separated generically.

EUHALLIDAYA new genus.

Palpi present, well developed, proboscis short, fleshy. First longitu-
dinal vein bare, sides of face on lower half bare. Apical cell ending close
to wing tip, fourth vein without trace of appendage at its bend, beyond
bend curving distinctly inward. Second aristal joint about as long as
broad. Arista incrassated on its basal third, eyes bare. Lowest frontal
bristles about opposite apex of second antennal joint. Ocellar bristles
present pointing obliquely forward. Posterior orbit and occiput linear,
cheeks nearly so, bearing on the lower edge a row of strong bristles point-
ing obliquely forward. Orbital bristles in both sexes consisting of six or
more pairs of .strong, proclinate, curved macrochsetae reaching nearly to
the apex of second antennal joint. Lowest frontal bristles nearly perpen-
dicular to front, upper f rentals curving backward. Anterior claws short
in both sexes. Type Euhallidaya severinii n. sp.

Euhallidaya severinii new species.

Length 4 mm., brownish, compact, wings hyaline. Female: Frontal
vitta opaque dark brown, scarcely distinguishable from parafrontals,
occupying two thirds width of front. Parafrontals slightly silvery polli-
nose, more apparent near base of antenna?. Ocellar triangle somewhat
shining, ocellar bristles strong, placed slightly in advance of anterior
ocellus being about as far removed therefrom as it is from the posterior
ocelli. Parafacials fuscous, slightly gray pollinose. Antennae blackish,
thinly pollinose, third joint a little more than twice as long as second,
sides straight nearly parallel, anterior apical corner right angled, poste-
rior corner gently rounded. Palpi and proboscis clear, yellowish. Occiput,
viewed from side, linear, thinly clothed with black hairs. Dorsum of
thorax thinly silvery pollinose, more pronounced anterior to suture. Four
dorsal vittse, wide, indistinct posterior to suture. Dorso-central bristles
three, sterno-pleurals three. Scutellum dark brown, thinly pollinose,
marginal macrochsetae long, in three pairs, apicals vestigial. Discals
irregular in number and position. Abdomen ovate, black, pseudomacu-
late on bases of second, third and fourth segments, pollen bordering spots
and on lateral margins of segments silvery, remainder of pollen brownish.
Posterior margins of segments black, shining, marginal macrochaetae borne
somewhat before posterior edge of all segments. No true discal macro-
chaetaj present. Abdomen clothed with coarse, black, reclinate hairs.
Calypters yellowish. Wings hyaline. A line of three bristles at base of
third vein. First posterior cell barely closed in margin of wing. Legs
black, middle tibiae bearing a single stout macrochaeta, on the front side
near the middle. Hind tibiae, subciliate on post-exterior edge.

EXPLANATION OK PLATE.

'Fig. 1. Eiifnilliihinii severinii, head of female, lateral view.

Fig. 2. Head of female, front view.

Fig. 3. Wing of female.

Fig. 4. Wing of male.

Fig. 5. Right hind tibia.

Fig. 6. Phasun>i>ltti<i<i unli-tinnlin, head of male.

131

132 PROCEEDINGS ENTOMOLOGICAL SOCIETY

Male: Very similar to female differing as follows: Front distinctly
narrower, third joint of antennae slightly shorter, about twice the length
of second and slightly rounded on front apical corner. Several pairs of
short bristles borne below true vibrissse at lower edge of oral margin.
Apical cell widely open in margin and bend of fourth vein consequently
nearer posterior margin of wing.

Described from two specimens male and female reared from the
common walking "stick Diapheromera femorata Say by H. H.
Severin, Milwaukee, Wisconsin, 1912, in honor of whom the
species is named.

Type: A female deposited in the U. S. National Museum, Wash-
ington, D. C.

THE EARLY STAGES OF METRIOCNEMUS LUNDBECKI

JOHANNSEN.

BY J. R. MALLOCH, Urbana, Illinois.

The genus Metriocnemus of the Chironominae is represented in
the North American fauna by 11 species which with one excep-
tion are undescribed in either larval or pupal stages. The only
previously described species, M. knabi Coquillett, has been taken
in the larva stage in flowers of Sarracenia. It is represented in
the collection of the Illinois State Laboratory of Natural History
by a number of larvae from Wisconsin. A drawing of the labial
plate of this species is given herewith, fig. 9, to indicate the dis-
tinctions between it and that of lundbecki and also to correct
some slight errors in the original figure.

The genus Metriocnemus may be distinguished from all other
Chironomidae by its possession of the following characters : Anten-
na3 of male 2-13 jointed, of female 2-6; palpi, 4 jointed; pro-
boscis poorly developed. Thorax projecting anteriorly, the head
half hidden under its anterior portion; no strong thoracic bristles.
Hypopygium without well developed superior and inferior proc-
esses in the male, the apical portion of lateral arm generally
slipper-shaped, recurved. Fore tarsus with tarsal joint shorter
than fore tibia; empodium present; claws of males generally
digitate apically, of female simple. Wings without the medio-
cubital cross vein; surface hairs distinct.

This paper is published by permission of Dr. S. A. Forlx^,
State Entomologist of Illinois.

Metriocnemus lundbecki Johannsen.

Chironomus nanus Lundbeck (nee Meigen), Vidensk. Meddel., l>!s,
]). 285.

OF WASHINGTON, VOLUME XVI, 1014 133

Metriocnemus lundbecki Johannscn, Bull. 85, X. Y. State Mus., 1895,
p. 302.

Larva: Length, 4-5 mm. Yellow, or buff-colored. Head deep yellow,
slightly longer than broad, tapering slightly on anterior half; antenna
rather slender, its entire length about equal to one-half the width of head
(fig. 1); mandibles stout (fig. 2), heavily chitinized, yellow at base, be-
coming gradually darker towards middle, the apical half, including all the
teeth, almost black, 4 weaker, rounded, almost equal-sized teeth along
inner margin; two long and rather strong hairs at base of mandiblo on
ventral surface; two slightly weaker hairs on under surface of mandible
near middle; lateral arm of epipharynx long, ending in three or four in-
curved teeth; labium with its anterior half blackened, marginal teeth MS
in fig. 3; two long hairs situated near to eye spots. Anterior pseudopods
armed at apices with weak hairs; a weak lateral hair on each of the thoracic
segments; posterior pseudopods with strong apical claws which have pro-
duced bases; no ventral respiratory organs on eleventh segment, the two
dorsal pairs on twelfth short; anal tuft consisting of six sensory hairs, the
basal process about twice as long as its diameter.

Pupa: Length, 3 mm. Greenish yellow. Frontal tubercles indistin-
guishable; 2-3 hairs on the anterior margin of thorax on each side; respi-
ratory organs shaped as in fig. 4; anterior to and in line with these organs
are four hairs, a pair on each side; abdominal segments, except segment
one, covered on the dorsum with very minute stout seta? which become
much stronger posteriorly and form a distinct comblike transverse row on
the posterior margin of each segment, as indicated in fig. 5; the mem-
branous portion of segment between the setulose margin and apex of the
succeeding segment presents a distinctly reticulated or honeycombed ap-
pearance, the intersecting lines clear, the central portions fuscous; ventral
segments very similar to those of the dorsum; anal appendages as in fig. 5,

Male: Yellow, slightly shining; mesonotum trivittate, the central vitta
divided longitudinally by a distinct yellow line, and posteriorly abbrevi-
ated, the lateral vitta? abbreviated anteriorly; color of vittrc reddish;
pleura? brownish on lower half; scutellum yellow; postnotum brown.
Abdomen yellow, the apical 2-3 segments obscurely brownish. Lci;s
yellow, the apices of tarsi slightly infuscated. Wings clear, veins yellow.
Halteres yellow.

Antenna slightly longer than head and thorax together, last joint sub-
equal in length to the remainder, distinctly cleft, as shown in fig. (i, the
other joints of flagellum also cleft, but not so distinctly. Apical portion
of lateral arm of hypopygium slipper-shaped, turned back on inner side of
basal portion, its apex with a short thornlike bristle which is directed al
right angles to the long axis of the arm (fig. 7). Fore metatarsus nearly
three-fourths as long as fore tibia; no long hairs on tarsi, those on mid and
hind legs barely longer than diameter of the joints upon which they arc
situated; fourth joint of fore tarsus one and a half times as lung as fifth.
fourth and fifth joints of mid and hind legs subequal; empodium present

134 PROCEEDINGS ENTOMOLOGICAL SOCIETY

(fig. 8), the claws of male distinctly divided at apices as shown in the figure,
base sharply produced. Posterior branch of cubitus distinctly deflected
near its apex, then running straight to margin of wing; posterior margin of
wing with a distinct fringe, which is very long at anal angle but becomes
gradually shorter as it nears the apex; the cubitus forks very slightly
beyond the vertical line of the cross vein. Length, 2.5-3 mm.

Three larva? of this species were taken March 16, 1914, in a small
stream which enters Salt Fork near St. Joseph, 111. They were
placed in glasses containing water from the city supply, mixed
with a little creek water in which they had been brought to the
office. They were for some time unable to accustom themselves
to the new conditions, there being evidently an excess of oxygen
in the city water, 1 and, along with some larvae of Orthodadius
nivoriundus Fitch, they repeatedly came to the surface, where they
remained partly above the water film. I considered that this
coming to the surface was due to an abnormal buoyancy caused
by the formation of air bubbles on parts of the bodies of the
larvae which made it impossible for them to remain below water.
This was undoubtedly partly the reason, since whenever the body
became coated with a number of the bubbles the specimen came
to the surface without any apparent effort on its part, and seldom
succeeded in diving below upon being touched, as they very
readily do under normal circumstances. Even when the surplus
oxygen was no longer visible in the form of bubbles the larvae
were restless and almost as often at the surface as beneath the
water; but gradually they either became accustomed to the con-
ditions or the conditions changed sufficiently to suit them, for
they settled down in the mud and dead leaves which had been
placed in the glasses. Here they formed burrows which they never
left unless disturbed. They fed upon the decaying leaf tissue,
generally, by protruding the anterior half of the body from either
end of the burrow, evidently being able to turn around within it.
Pupation took place within the burrow, but soon after the trans-
formation the anterior half of the pupa was protruded, and thus
remained until shortly before the emergence of the imago, when it
was released entirely and, coming to the surface, after a few
quick jerky motions the fly rapidly emerged. One specimen of
lundbecki remained from Monday till Thursday morning in the
larval stage, emerging from the pupa on Saturday morning.
Emergence took place very quickly, occupying not more than
three seconds. The other specimen which I succeeded in rearing
was rather longer in the pupal stage, pupating on Friday and
emerging on Monday morning. Both the specimens reared are

1 This is, I believe, abnormal, as this water is generally deficient in
oxygen.

\

EXPLANATION OF FIGURES.

Fig. 1. Metriocnemus lundbecki, antenna of larva.

Fig. 2. Metriocnemus lundbecki, mandible of larva.

Fig. 3. Melriocnemus lundbecki, labium of larva.

Fig. 4. Metriocnemus lundbecki, thoracic respiratory organ of pupa.

Fig. 5. Metriocnemus lundbecki, apical 3 segments of pupa.

Fig. 6. Metriocnemus lundbecki, apical 3 joints of antenna of male.

Fig. 7. Metriocnemus lundbecki, one side of hypopyninm <>f male, dorsal
view.

Fig. 8. Metriocnemus lundbecki, tarsal claw <>f male.

Fig. 9. Metriocnemus l;mil>i, labial plat* 1 of larva.

135

136

PROCEEDINGS ENTOMOLOGICAL SOCIETY

males and are in the collection of the Illinois State Laboratory
of Natural History under No. 45690, one mounted on card point,
the other, with the cast larval and pupal skins, on a slide in Can-
ada balsam. The larval skin of the dry-mounted specimen was
not found, but the pupal skin is mounted on a separate slide under
the above number.

A NEW SPECIES OF NORTH AMERICAN TINGITID^E.

BY OTTO HEIDEMANN, Bureau of Entomology.

Gargaphia solani new species

Body rather flat, dark brown; the angulated, yellow rim of the rostral
groove very distinct at base of metasternum. Head dark, deeply punc-
tured; at the frontal part three small, slender spines, the upper one more
prominent, two others near to the eyes a little longer. Antennas quite
long, hairy; basal joint comparatively thick, black and somewhat longer
than the terminal joint, which is fusciform and black at the apex; second
joint the shortest, testaceous; third more than four times as long as the
fourth joint, yellowish-white; bucculae moderately expanded, yellowish,
with one row of minute areoles.

Fig. 1.

Pronotum feebly convex, black, with three low ; yellowish carime, the
median one a little higher before the middle, tapering toward the pale
apex of the triangular, posterior portion of pronotum; the lateral mem-
branous part of the pronotum angularly expanded, with two to five series
of irregular areoles, the edge somewhat broadly reflexed, some of the
nervures exteriorly blackish. Head, pronotum and the edge of the membra-

OF WASHINGTON, VOLUME XVI, 1914 137

nous dilation densely covered with very fine, soft hairs; pronotal hood
rather large, much longer than wide, covering the hind part of the head,
leaving the eyes free; surface yellowish-white, opaque, with a few minute
areoles. Hemelytra extending about one third beyond the abdomen;
oblong-oval, broadly rounded at the end, feebly sinuate toward the base;
the discoidal areas pyriform, reaching to about the middle of the elytra,
reticulated, blackish at base and at apex, a pale stripe across the middle;
the subcostal biseriate, yellow; costal margin yellowish-white, trans-
lucent, with four or five series of medium sized areoles at the widest part,
those toward the base smaller; five transverse oblique nervures black at the
costal area and all nervures at the apex more or less blackish. Legs pale,
yellow. Length, 4 mm. ; width, 2 mm.

Described from several specimens, males and females. Kirk-
wood, Mo., August 10 (Riley, Pergande) found on Solanum caro-
linense and Solanum ei&agnifolium; Lavaca Co., Texas, June 21;
Columbus, Texas, July 29, 1879 (Riley collection) on, coffee weed
and Solanum; El Reno, Okla., July 12, 1909; Norfolk, Va..
June 12, 1914 (Fink). It is recorded as found on egg-plants and
potatoes in great abundance.

Type: No. 18810 U. S. National Museum.

This new species resembles Gargaphia angulata Heid. in the gen-
eral outline, but differs considerably by the larger size and by the
prominence of the hood, being much longer. It belongs to a group
of Gargaphia species which have the membranous dilation of the
pronotum angularly expanded instead of roundly dilated, as in
G. tilia Walsh; G. patricia Stal; G. opacula Uhler and others.
Judging from the localities already known, this species seems to
have a wide range of distribution, from the Atlantic coast to the
Southwestern States.

FORCIPOMYIA PROPINQUUS WILLISTON, A CORRECTION.

BY J. R. MALLOCH, Urban a, Illinois.

In a footnote hi an article on Ceratopogonince ante p. 63 of these
Proceedings it is stated that the figures of the tarsus and the wing
of Fordpomyia propinquus -given by Williston are those of the
female and not the male. I considered that the statement was an
error because the single specimen described by Williston, hi addi-
tion to being indicated as a male, is from the description obviously
of that sex. The figure of the tarsus is also clearly that of a male.
possibly of eriophorus, though the wing is drawn too blunt and
short. ' The description of eriophorus is that of the female, an
error being made in the insertion of the sex symbol.

138 PROCEEDINGS ENTOMOLOGICAL SOCIETY

I have received, in reply to an inquiry, a letter from E. E.
Austen who has charge of the collections in the British Museum,
and who is qualified to give authentic information, stating that
the above facts as to type are correct.

NEOCELATORIA FEROX WALTON A SYNONYM OF CHAETO-

PHLEPS SETOSA COQ.

BY W. R. WALTON, Bureau of Entomology.

I am indebted to Dr. J. M. Aldrich for calling my attention to
the probability of the above mentioned synonymy. A comparison
of the types shows them to be identical. Mr. Coquillett did not
describe the peculiar armature of the female abdomen in his
original description of the genus or species.

A NEW ORTALID FLY.

BY NATHAN BANKS, Bureau of Entomology.

Pseudotephritis appoximata new species.

Similar to P. van Say, but larger and marks on the wings different. Head
and thorax marked as in P. vau, the same large brown spots, but on thorax
the minute brown marks are rather more numerous. On abdomen the third
segment is mostly pale, with only minute dark spots, the following seg-
ments wholly dark; legs marked as in P. vau. In wings the marks on costa
and at tip are black, the others fainter, more yellowish brown; the clouds
over cross-veins not connected, that over posterior cross-vein extending
toward the cloud below preapical costal spot; and that over the discal
cross-vein extending to the middle costal spot, the outer margin of the
broad sub-basal cloud is much interrupted at the fourth vein. The pos-
terior cross-vein is as near the outer margin as to the anterior cross-vein.
The macrochsetse of head and thorax are as in P. vau. Length, 7.5 mm.

From Falls Church, Virginia, July 15.

NOTE ON A CLASSIFICATION OF SEXUAL CHARACTERS.

BY CHARLES H. T. TOWNSEND.

Sexual characters have long been distinguished as either primary
or secondary. The writer believes that the so-called "secondary
sexual characters" may profitably be classed as secondary and

OF WASHINGTON, VOLUME XVI, 1914

tertiary, and hereby proposes these terms with definitions of tin-
three resulting classes.

Primary sexual characters are those which relate to the true organ ~
of generation: the internal reproductive system and the external
genitals.

Secondary sexual characters are those which relate to the external
structures immediately accessory to the true organs of generation.
They include in the muscoid flies the hypopygium of both sexes in
its widest sense, being such structures as the ovipositor, piercer,
ventral carina, hypopygial clasping organs all extra-primary
structures directly functional in copulation, oviposition and larvi-
position, or specially designed for the reception of such structure-
during rest.

Tertiary sexual characters include all others that are ever distinc-
tive of sex and may be defined as those which pertain to struct tires
not directly functional in either copulation, oviposition or larvi-
position, nor adapted for reception of organs directly concerned in
these functions. For example, the elongated claws of certain male
flies are indirectly functional in copulation, but so are the legs and
the whole body for that matter. Neither is to be considered as
immediately accessory to the true organs of generation.

The mass of sexual characters in the muscoid flies are to be classed
as tertiary. A great number of external anatomical structures are
here involved, representing nearly all parts of the body. The
tertiary sexual characters are not at all uniform as to the structures
that they affect, but vary greatly in different groups of these flies.
A detailed enumeration of them is already in manuscript, and will
be published in due time.

CERATOPOGONIN/E SUCKING THE BLOOD OF OTHER INSECTS.

BY FREDERICK KNAB, Bureau of

In discussing Ceratopogoninse as enemies of other insects in a
recent number of this journal, 1 observations by two different authors
were cited of these midges sucking the body-Quids of Anopheles
mosquitoes. I find that I overloooked a third note on this subject
by Dr. A. T. Stanton, which calls attention to an earlier record by
Capt. C. J. Feamside and adds observations made by himself in
the Malay Peninsula. 2

1 Ceratopogoninae sucking the blood of caterpillars. Proc. Knf. Soc.
Wash., vol. 16, p. 63-66, 1914.

2 A Ceratopogon parasitic upon anopheline mosquitos. P;iludisni, no. 5,
p. 64, 1912.

140 PROCEEDINGS ENTOMOLOGICAL SOCIETY

Captain Feamside gives a figure of one of the flies observed
attacking mosquitoes and this shows that the insect belongs to the
genus Culicoides. In this case the midges were found attached to
common house mosquitoes, presumably Culex quinqiiefasciatus
( = fatigans) .

If blood-fed mosquitos (i.e., culex) are collected from the dark corners of
rooms, godowns, &c., one occasionally meets with a small fly fixed to the
undersurface of the abdomen of the host .... When it has fed, there
is an oval brown mass in the centre which is decomposed blood extracted
from the mosquito's stomach. 1

Dr. Stanton's observation is as follows :

During the past year I have been engaged in the examination of anopheline
mosquitos taken in the Pudoh Gaol, Kuala Lumpur. On six occasions I
have found a species of Ceratopogon with its proboscis, as shown in the
specimen, deeply embedded in the abdomen of female anophelines which had
previously fed on blood, presumably that of prisoners. The anophelines
were of the following species N '. fuliginosus , N. karwari and M. sinensis.
The flies were in every case attached to the under surface of the abdomen,
generally about the fourth or fifth segment. Twice the anopheline carried
two specimens of the fly. In every case the stomach of the Ceratopogon
contained blood.

Recently the writer has examined a preparation sent by Mr. A.
Rutherford of Paradeniya, Ceylon, in which there is a specimen of
Culicoides attached to a female Anopheles. In this case the midge
has its proboscis inserted in the anterior thoracic region of the
mosquito, just above the fore coxae, and there is nothing to indicate
that it might have been extracting the contents of the mosquito's
digestive tract. The reference given in my previous article, on
p. 64, for F. H. Gravely 's note is incorrect; the article appeared
in vol. 6, p. 45, of the Records of the Indian Museum.

It appears that the statement made by myself on p. 65, that
blood is absent from the wings of mature Lepidoptera, is erroneous.
In this I was only sharing a common impression that there is no
circulation in the hardened wings of most insects. I need hardly
add that I was perfectly familiar with the more obvious cases, such
as certain Coleoptera, in which there is a plain and abundant cir-
culation during life. The question has been very ably discussed
recently by Mr. R. Bervoets and his careful investigations have
resulted in the demonstration of an active circulation in the wings

1 Parasites found on mosquitos. Indian Med. Gazette, vol. 35, p. 129-
130, 1900.

OF WASHINGTON, VOLUME XVI, 1914 141

of representatives of the more important orders of insects. 1 Re-
garding the Lepidoptera, he gives the following observation.

The hind wing of a pierid, examined with a hand lens, shows all its veins
filled with a pale green liquid; if one sections this wing, one sees this liquid
issue in abundance, above all if one exercises a gentle pressure.

It follows, then, that the Ceratopogon observed by Mr. Kryger
could have obtained blood from the wings of the moth in any case
and that it was quite unnecessary to assume that the latter was
immature.

DESCRIPTIONS OF TWO PARASITIC HYMENOPTERA. 2

BY S. A. ROHWER, Bureau of Entomology.
Sympherta mnemonicae n. sp.

This species is readilj r distinguished from the other species
which have been referred to the genus, by the color. It differs
from the genus according to the characters given in the generic
tables by the shorter tergites.

Female : Length 3 mm. ; length of antennae 2.5 mm. The anterior margin
of the clypeus truncate, ventrally convex, front finely granular and with
a number of widely separated, distinct punctures; area immediately below
the antennae slightly convex, vertex and occiput sculptured like the face;
intra-ocellar area slightly raised, the surface without any punctures, with
fi-ne granulations and parted posteriorly by a median furrow; antennae
28-jointed, the third joint sub-equal with the fourth; mesoscutum rather
coarsely granular posteriorly, anteriorly more finely granular and with
separate punctures; scutellum more finely sculptured than the scutum:
dorsal aspect of the propodeum similar to the scutellum, with a median
triangular areola which is petiolate; posterior face completely areolated:
mesepisternum except the shining fovea; and middle dorsal margin, finely
granular; first tergite with a short petiole broadening beyond the spiracles,
it and the second with coarse granulations; second tergite decidedly wider
than long; relative width and length of the tergites becomes greater poste-
riorly; third and following tergites shining, finely coriaceous; nervellus
broken decidedly below the middle. Black; anterior margin of the clypi
mandibles except the piceous apices, scape and most of the flagellar joints
beneath, tegulse and legs tcl<ii-<'(>n.< or nif<>-l( xtm-i <>ux : \\iny.s hyaline, irides-
cent, venation dark brown; cost a tetaceous.

1 Notes sur la circulation du sang dans les ailes des insertes. Ann. Soc.
Ent. Belg., vol. 57, p. 184-190, 1913.

2 Contribution from the Branch of Forest Insects. Bur. of Ent., U. S.
Dept. of Agric.

142 PROCEEDINGS ENTOMOLOGICAL SOCIETY

Male: Length 4 mm. Antennae 26-jointed. Differs from the female in
having the face below the antennas, the inner margins of the eyes to the
level of the anterior ocellus, cheeks, two spots on the scutum, small lateral
spot on the first and third tergites, yellow; the third antenna! joint is slightly
shorter than the fourth.

Falls Church, Virginia. Described from three females, one
type, and one male, allotype, recorded under Bureau of Ento-
mology Number Hopk. U. S. 11133e and /, which refer to notes
stating that these are primary parasites on Mnemonica auricyanea
Walsingham, feeding on chestnut and oak. Material collected
and reared (March 7, 1914) by Carl Heinrich.

Type: Cat. No. 18316, U. S. N. M.

The material was collected in the larval condition and kept
in the rearing cages so oviposition must occur within the feeding
larva, or the egg.

The parasite is referred to the genus Sympherta but the type
of this genus is not available for comparison, and it is not unlikely
that when the genera belonging to this group are more properly
classified the above new species will be referred to a new genus.

Podogaster evetrivorus n. sp.

Female: Length 7.5 mm. Head below the antenn.se shining, with only
setigerous punctures, above the antennae shining, but with distinct well
denned, well separated punctures; postocellar line twice as long as the
ocellocular line; occiput deeply emarginate, strongly margined; mesoscutum
with distinct, well defined punctures which in the region of the notauli
become confluent; in the posterior middle the punctures are closer; scutellurn
sculptured similarly to the scutum; propodeum with a median row of hexa-
gonal fovese which become smaller posteriorly, laterally coarsely reticulate;
abdomen shining, impunctate. Black; head below the antennse and the
orbits to the vertex, posterior orbits broadly, scape beneath, dorsal posterior
angles of the pronotum, tegulse, four anterior legs (femora and tibiae
reddish) yellow; abdomen piceous and the third and fourth segments rufous;
posterior legs black with the base of the tibiae and the second trochanter
yellow; wings hyaline, venation dark brown.

Male: Length 8 mm. Agrees with the above characters of the female.

Fort Bayard, New Mexico. Described from one female, type,
one male allotype and three female paratypes recorded under
Bureau of Entomology Number Hopk. U. S. 12101c which refers to
a note stating that this is a parasite of Evetria species working in
Pinus ponderosa, material reared by Carl Heinrich, adults emerging
November and December.

Type: Cat, No. 18997, U. S. N. M.

Actual date of publication, September 26, 19L

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OF SPECIAL INTEREST

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TABLE OF CONTENTS FOR THIS NUMBER

Page

BANKS, NATHAN : A new Ortalid fly 138

CRAWFORD, J. C.: Notes on the chalcidoid family Callimomidae 122

CtrsHMAN, R. A. ; A revision of the North American species of the genus
Habrobracon Johnson (Ashmead) 99

FISHER, W. S. : A new species of Callichroma from Texas 97

GIRAULT, A. A. : Descriptions of new chalcid flies 109

HEIDEMANN, OTTO: A new species of North American Tingitidse 136

KNAB, FREDERICK: Ceratopogoninae sucking the blood of other insects . 139

MALLOCH, J. R. : The early stages of Metriocnemus lundbecki Johannsen . 132

MALLOCH, J. R. : Forcipomyia propinquus Williston, a correction 137

PIERCE, W. DWIGHT: Descriptions of two new species of Strepsiptera
parasitic on sugar cane insects 126

ROHWER, S. A. : Descriptions of two parasitic Hymenoptera , 141

TOWNSEND, CHARLES H. T. : Note on a classification of sexual char-
acters. 138

WALTON, W. R, : A new tachinid parasite of Diapheromerafemorata Say . 129

-*

WALTON, W. R. : Neocelatoriaferox a synonym of Choetophleps setosa Coq. 138
WOLCOTT, G. N. : The cotton boll weevil in Cuba. . . ,120

PROCEEDINGS

OF THF

ENTOMOLOGICAL SOCIETY

WASHINGTON

VOLUME XVI, No. 4
DECEMBER, 1914

PUBLISHED QUARTERLY BY THE SOCIETY
OFFICE OF PUBLICATION

2419-21 GREENMOTJiNT AYR.
BALTIMORE, MD.

EDITORIAL OFFICE

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Entered aa second-class matter at the poatoffice at Baltimore, Md., February :'S. 1913,
under the Act of August 24. 1913

THE

ENTOMOLOGICAL SOCIETY

OF WASHINGTON

ORGANIZED MARCH 12, 1884.

The regular meetings of the Society are held on the first Thursday of
each month, from October to June inclusive, at 8 P. M.

Annual dues of active members, $3.00; of corresponding members $2.00;
initiation fee (for active members only), $1.00.

OFFICERS FOR THE YEAR 1914.

President , .W. D. HUNTER

First Vice-President. A. N. CAUDELL

Second Vice-President .E. R. SASSCER

Recording Secretary W. B. WOOD

Corresponding Secretary-Treasurer S. A. ROHWER

U. S. National Museum, Washington, D. C.

Editor W. D. HUNTER

Representing the Society as a Vice-President of the

Washington Academy of Sciences A. L. QUAINTANCE

Executive Committee.

THE OFFICERS.
AUGUST BUSCK. E. A. SCHWARZ. L. O. HOWARD.

PROCEEDINGS
ENTOMOLOGICAL SOCIETY OF WASHINGTON.

Published quarterly by the Society at Baltimore, Md., and Wash-
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PROCEEDINGS

OF THE

ENTOMOLOGICAL SOCIETY

OF WASHINGTON

VOL. XVI 1914

DESCRIPTIONS OF NEW MICROLEPIDOPTERA OF FOREST

TREES. 1

(With Plates VII and VIII)

BY AUGUST BUSCK, Bureau of Entomoloyi/.
Sesia brunneri n. sp.

Labial palpi orange red with a broad black lateral streak exteriorly.
Face dark metallic blue. Head deep black. Antennae bluish black. Col-
lar metallic blue. Thorax bluish black with the anterior sides sprinkled
with red and with patagia dark orange red. Forewings alike in both sexes,
transparent with broad purplish blue edges and a broad, perpendicular
streak at the end of the cell; extreme costal edge narrowly orange; under-
side of the apical and especially of the costal edging sprinkled with orange
red. Hindwings transparent, with narrow blackish blue edges and veins;
costal edge dusted with red, especially on the underside. Abdomen dark
metallic blue with distinct, red, transverse streaks on second and on fourth
segments and sometimes with traces of red also between the other -
ments. Anal tuft with dark metallic blue center, edged with brick n-.l;
under side red. Legs dark metallic blue, liberally sprinkled and banded
with red; tarsi blue. Alar expanse: male, 24-25 mm. ; female. '_>(> '11 mm.

Food plant: Pinus ponder osa.

Habitat: Camas, Montana, Josef Brunner, collector.

Type: Cat. No. 18238, U. S. N. M.

This species is named in honor of Mr. Bnumer whose ohservM-
tions of the life history enabled the differentiation of this species
from the very similar Sesia novarcensis Hy. Ed\v., which lives in
Douglas fir.

This species differs from the somewhat more rol>ust Si.^/n no-
varcensis in the blue, not black, ground color and in the much
less extensive red abdominal coloration.

1 Presented at meeting of April 2, 1914.

143

144 PROCEEDINGS ENTOMOLOGICAL SOCIETY

Sesia picece Dyar, a third species of this group may be differ-
entiated by the entirely black abdomen.

Recurvaria milleri n. sp.

Labial palpi white, second joint with two black bars externally; terminal
joint with an incomplete black annulation at base. Antenna white annu-
lated with black. Face white. Head white sparsely sprinkled with dark
fuscous. Thorax white strongly suffused with dark fuscous. Forewings
white, strongly and irregularly suffused with black, especially on costal
and apical parts; a large, poorly defined, black spot on costa beyond the
middle and a smaller one just before the middle; opposite the former is an
even less well defined dorsal black spot; four small tufts of raised black
scales, one on the middle of the cell, one at the end of the cell and two
below these on the fold; scattered black dots around apical edge; all of
the black markings are fugitive and easily lost in flown specimens. Cilia
ochreous white, dusted with black. Hindwings whitish fuscous; cilia
slightly ochreous. Abdomen silvery white with a large, bluish black poorly
defined spot on the upper side and shaded with black on the under side ;
the males have a large, conspicuous, ochreous hair pencil on thorax un-
derneath the base of the hindwings. Legs white, barred and annulated with
black. Alar expanse : 12-15 mm.

Habitat: Yosemite National Park, California, John M. Miller,
collector.

Foodplant: Pinus murrayana.

Type: Cat. No. 18438, U. S. N. M. /

The species is named in honor of the collector. The larva is
a needle miner like that of Recurvaria pinella Busck, in Colorado,
and that of Paralechia pinifoliella Chambers, in the East.

Mr. Miller found this species exceedingly abundant, in the
larval state, on June 26. From a shipment of needles from him,
received on July 16, about a hundred moths issued en route and
many more the following days.

Evetria bushnelli n. sp.

Labial palpi whitish dusted with fuscous; terminal joint fuscous. Face
and head white, strongly mottled with fuscous, each scale being white at
base and tip, with a dark fuscous median part. Antenna; white, irregularl}-
annulated with dark brown. Thorax light gray, mottled with white and
fuscous; base of patagia light reddish brown. Forewing deep reddish
brown graduating into light ochreous on outer two-thirds of dorsal part of
the wing. A blunt, triangular, ochreous spur runs up into the costal darker
color. Beyond the cell and on apical third of dorsum is a small round spot
of the dark brown ground color. Entire basal third of the wing brown with
a superimposed, poorly defined, transverse fascia of silvery iridescent
scales. At basal third, terminating this basal area is a broad, straight,
transverse fascia of silvery or hyaline scales. This fascia begins in the

OF WASHINGTON 7 , VOLUME XVI, 1914 145

costal edge in two, small, indistinct, geminate, white streaks. From two
similar costal streaks just beyond the middle of the wing runs a narrow,
outwardly angulated, fascia of shiny hyaline scales across the wing. At
apical third is a similar, but nearly straight, transverse fascia. The two
latter fascia? contain on the middle of the wing a few black scales. Before
the apex are two small, silvery, costal streaks and the terminal edge is
rather broadly suffused with similar silvery scales. All of the silvery mark-
ings appear to be slightly raised. Cilia bluish white with two transverse,
blackish lines. Hindwing light fuscous; cilia whitish with a fuscous basal
line. Abdomen silvery fuscous. Legs silvery fuscous; tarsi with indis-
tinct, blackish brown annulations. Alar expanse: 12-19 mm.

Habitat: Fort Bayard, New Mexico, G. E. Bushnell, collector-

Foodplant: Pinus ponderosa and other pines.

Type: Cat. No. 18439, U. S. N. M.

This species is named in honor of the collector, Colonel G. E.
Bushnell, to whom is due credit for all the information we have
on its biology.

The larvae feed gregariously in the terminal twigs of Finn*
ponderosa and other pines and appear to be severely injurious to
these trees.

The full grown larva is 14 mm. long; body of a reddish yellow
color; tubercles not distinguishable; hairs short, white. Head
light yellowish brown with black eyespots; thoracic shield small,
darker brown. Feet normal, abdominal feet small with a single,
complete circlet of uniform hooks.

The moths from overwintering pupae produce an early summer
generation, the adults of which issue about July first.

The species, which may have been introduced into New Mexico
with the trees, is very close to the eastern Evetria frustrana Coin-
stock, but averages considerably larger and differs in the details
of ornamentation, and in the character of its work. It is the
same species which for several years has been excessively injuri-
ous to the pine plantations of the U. S. Forest Service at Halsey,
Nebraska. (See Forestry Quarterly, Dec. 1910.)

Evetria virginiana n. sp.

Labial palpi, face and head light whitish yellow. Antenna- reddish white
with a thin, longitudinal, black line anteriorly. Thorax reddish brown,
with a central transverse band suffused with white scales and wit lc t he pos-
terior tip and the tips of the patagia white. Forewings broad and ample,
rich reddish brown with a number of irregular, pearly white, transverse,
forked and anastomizing lines with violet sheen, which terminate in five
small, geminate, white costal streaks. The narrow areas surrounded by
these transverse lines arc of a somewhat lighter yellowish brown. This is
particularly the case with one on the middle of the wing and one near tor-

146 PROCEEDINGS ENTOMOLOGICAL SOCIETY

nus. Cilia whitish brown. Hindwing very light, nearly white, slightly
suffused with brown, especially toward tip; cilia white. Abdomen light
brown, each joint edged with white. Legs white, suffused with brown;
anterior tibise reddish brown. Alar expanse: 23 mm.

Foodplant: Pinus virginiana.

Habitat: Falls Church, Virginia. Reared by Carl Heinrich.

Type: Cat. No. 19036, U. S. N. M.

A very distinct, large, broadwinged species, nearest to E. com-
stockiana Fernald, but larger, more simple in its pattern, with
darker thorax and more whitish hindwings. The species feeds in
the young branches of Pinus virginiana and makes a large globu-
lar pitch-nodule (pi. VII, fig. 1), from which the imago issues early
in May.

Evetria taxifoliella n. sp.

Labial palpi brown, mottled with fuscous. Terminal joint blackish.
Face, head and thorax black, liberally dusted with white. - Forewings gray-
ish brown, transversely striated with white and black atoms, at basal third
there is a poorly denned, dark brown, black edged, zigzag band across the
wing, followed by a light gray and white area. Through the middle of the
wing from the base runs a poorly denned, brown streak, enlarged into an
irregular blotch at the end of the cell. On the costal edge there is a series
of blackish spots with white dusted intervals, at tornus an oval, white,
black dusted spot, with a short perpendicular, black line in the center.
Apical and terminal edge dark golden brown with a black line along the
extreme edge before the dark fuscous cilia. Hindwing blackish fuscous.
Abdomen dark fuscous. Legs fuscous; anterior tarsi annulated with black.
Alar expanse : 13-14 mm.

Habitat: Missoula, Montana, Josef Brunner, collector.

Foodplant: Pseudotsuga taxifolia. Reared by Mr. Brimncr
from cones.

Type: Cat. No. 18440, U. S. N. M.

This species is nearest and very similar to Evetria siskiyouana,
Kearfott, but is only about half the size of that form.

Evetria metallica n. sp.

Second joint of labial palpi dirty white sprinkled exteriorly with black;
terminal joints blackish fuscous. Face, head, and thorax bluish fuscous
irrorated with white, each scale being tipped with dirty white so as to pro-
duce a rather light gray effect. Forewing strongly overlaid with bluish
metallic scales in many broad, transverse, wavy lines, the intervals between
the metallic scaling is rich dark brown liberally sprinkled with black scales.
The metallic lines on the outer half of the wing originate in small whitish
geminate costal spots. Cilia dark blue, whitish at the base and with a
dark basal line. Hind wing dark fuscous. Abdomen dark blue, each joint
broadly tipped with silvery fuscous; anal tuft silvery with blue center.

OF WASHINGTON, VOLUME XVI, 1914 147

Legs dark silvery fuscous; tarsal joints with narrow dirty white annula-
tions. Alar expanse: 20mm.

Habitat: Missoula, Montana, Josef Brunner, collector.

Type: Cat. No. 18443.

The following note is by Mr. Brunner: " Larvae on yellow pine,
Pinus ponderosa, on which it makes a pitch tube on tip branch-
lets. Pupated April second, imago issued May seventh."

Evetria niontana n. sp.

Labial palpi dark fuscous mixed with reddish brown exteriorly. Face
and head light reddish ochreous. Thorax dark fuscous; base of patagia
reddish brown. Forewings dark fuscous; base, abroad, transverse fascia
just before the middle of the wing, and a narrower fascia beyond the middle,
irrorated with white, each scale being broadly white-tipped. Outer half of
the wing overlaid with brown and brownish ochreous and violaceous scales,
more intensely so towards the very oblique terminal edge. Cilia fuscous,
tipped with red. Hindwings shiny dark fuscous with lighter cilia. Ab-
domen and legs dark fuscous; tarsal joints with narrow, lighter annulations.
Alar expanse: 20 mm.

Habitat: Elliston, Montana, Josef Brunner, collector.

Food plant: Pinus conforfa.

Type: Cat. No. 18442, U. S. N. M.

The following note is by Mr. Brunner: "The larva is found in
buds which would be the terminals the succeeding season if not
infested and destroyed by this insect. Adult moth issued in cap-
tivity December 10, from larva collected July 29."

The species is nearest and very similar to E. neomexicana Dyar,
which, however, differs in the more uniform coloration of both
the basal and apical part of the wing, and by having a longitudi-
nal black streak to the middle of the termen.

Evetria albicapitana n. sp.

Labial palpi ochreous white, second joint shaded externally with light
reddish brown; terminal joint sprinkled with black. Face and head white.
Antennae gray with narrow black annulations. Thorax reddish gray with
a reddish brown, transverse band and with brown posterior tip. Patagia
light reddish brown. Forewing light reddish brown with sparse black dust-
ing and with silvery metallic cross-lines. Extreme costal edge blackish
with three small, geminate, white spots on basal half and with four similar
white spots on outer half; from each of these geminate costal spots origi-
nates a broken, transverse, silvery line which runs in an irregular zigzag
course across the wing, without, however, reaching the dorsal edge. The
three basal lines run in an outwardly oblique direction and nearly unite
on the fold; the fourth line is quite short and leaves a large circle at the
end of the cell without metallic scales; the fifth silvery line is nearly trans-
verse and straight with but a single small interruption. Three, small,

148 PROCEEDINGS ENTOMOLOGICAL SOCIETY

yellowish white dashes on the terminal edge. Cilia gray with a black
basal line. Hindwing dark fuscous with whitish cilia. Abdomen dark
fuscous, each joint edged with white. Male claspers very large, covered
on the outside with whitish scales, on the inside with long light brown
hairs. Legs silvery white with broad blue bars and annulations. Alar
expanse: 16-19 mm.

Habitat: MacDowell, Saskatchewan, Canada, J. C. Blumer,
collector; Boulder Junction, Wisconsin, S. A. Rohwer, collector.

Foodplant: Pinus divaricata. '

Type: Cat. No. 18444, U. S. N. M.

The larvae bore in the young branches and make small, round
resin nodes about two-thirds of an inch in diameter, (pi. VII, fig. 2).
When full-grown the larva is about one-half inch long, of reddish
color with a light brown head and thoracic shield; tubercles small,
shiny.

Imago issued in captivity at Falls Church, Virginia, in early
March, undoubtedly considerably earlier than is the case iii
nature.

Swammerdamia castaneae n. sp.

Labial palpi dark fuscous with base and extreme tip white. Face and
head white. Antennae dark fuscous annulated with white and with white
basal joint. Thorax white, sometimes slightly dusted with fuscous and
with posterior tip suffused with fuscous. Forewings dark fuscous with
strong bluish sheen, irregularly sprinkled with white and black scales, the
latter tending to form indistinct, interrupted rows of black dots; a blackish
costal dash just above apex; apical edge and cilia strongly dark golden
cupreous. Hindwings dark fuscous; cilia lighter ochreous fuscous. Abdo-
men dark fuscous with ochreous anal tuft. Legs fuscous, tarsi annulated
with white. Alar expanse: 11-12 mm.

Habitat: East River, Connecticut, Chas. R. Ely, collector,
and Charter Oak, Pennsylvania, W. S. Fisher, collector.

Foodplant: Castanea dentata.

Type: Cat. No. 18441, U. S. N. M.

The species is close to the European S. pyrella and was wrongly
identified by the writer as that species from New Hampshire
(Proc. Ent. Soc. Wash, xm, p. 80, 1911), but is somewhat larger
ar>d at once distinguishable by the white thorax.

The following are Dr. Ely's notes, which he with his usual
liberality has asked me to utilize:

"Larva green, 10 mm. long. Forms a very loose, open web,
much like that of a spider, on the upper side of chestnut leaf.
The larva appears to the naked eye to be marked by transverse
bands of darker green by reason of the darker shade at the points
of the segments. Each segment has an indistinct dorsal streak

OF WASHINGTON, VOLUME XVI, 1914 . 149

darker than the ground color. The tubercles are very dark sur-
rounded by pale yellowish. The first two tubercles on the side
of each segment are in a line, thus giving the appearance of a
narrow, broken, subdorsal band. The head is yellowish and the
cervical shield is pale spotted with the same color as the abdomi-
nal tubercles. The first larva spun its cocoon by July 17. The
cocoon is white, silky, spindle-shaped and is suspended within
the web. The larva eats off the tip of the leaf under the web.
Adults emerged August 6."

Ectcedemia heinrichi n. sp.

Face and head deep black; mouthparts yellowish; antennal eye-caps
large, creamy white; remainder of the antennae black with narrow yellow
annulations. Thorax light yellow sprinkled with black scales. Forewings
light ochreous profusely and irregularly sprinkled with blackish fuscous
scales; there are two, faint, poorly denned transverse fasciae on which the
dark scaling is less pronounced, one at basal third and one at apical third.
Apical cilia creamy white with a black basal line. Hindwing and underside
of all wings dark steely fuscous; cilia yellowish. Abdomen dark yellowish
fuscous, underside silvery. Legs golden yellow, posterior tibiae with strong
golden spines above. Alar expanse: 9-10 mm.

Habitat: Falls Church, Virginia.

Foodplant: Quercus palustris.

Type: Cat. No. 19039, U. S. N. M.

Named in honor of my friend and assistant Carl Heinrich, who
has ascertained the life history of this interesting species, which
makes a characteristic mine in the bark of young branches of
Quercus palustris. The mine is a narrow linear track, winding
closely upon itself in an oval spiral much like a compressed watch
spring, and showing very plainly in the bark (fig. 4). Old work
cracks and leaves the inner bark exposed. The work was found
only in this species of oak and mostly in the young saplings, al-
though a few mines were found on the outer branches of larger
trees.

The larva is very similar to Ectcedemia cas/aneotBusck, but
rather larger and with more pronounced ventral processes. These
larvae become mature in late fall and were observed leaving their
mines from October 24 to November 5; they fall to the ground
and spin a small reddish brown, oval, flattened cocoon 2-2 1 mm.
broad and 3-4 mm. long; forced cocoons yielded moths in the lat-
ter part of March.

The imagoes are very near to E. obrutella Zeller, but with much
darker dusting and with darker hind wings.

150 PROCEEDINGS ENTOMOLOGICAL SOCIETY

EXPLANATION OF PLATES.

PLATE VII. Fig. 1, pitch nodule on Pinus virginiana caused by Evelria
virginiana Busck; fig. 2, pitch nodules on Pinus divaricata caused by Evetria
albicapitana Busck.

PLATE VIII. Fig. 3, chestnut leaves injured by Eucosma haracana Kear-
fott; fig. 4, twigs of Quercus palustris showing spiral mines of Ectoedemia
heinrichi, Busck.

LIFE HISTORY OF EUGOSMA HARACANA KEARFOTT. 1

BY AUGUST BUSCK, Bureau of Entomology.

Protopteryx haracana Kearfott, Trans. Am. Ent. Soc. Phila., vol. 33, p. 44,

1907.
Protopteryx resoluta Meyrick, Ent. Mo. Mag., vol. 23, p. 34, 1912.

During May and early June many leaves of the chestnut in
the vicinity of Washington, D. C., are found to be rolled inwards
and downwards, as shown in the accompanying photograph,
(pi. VIII, fig. 3) . These very common and conspicuous rolls are pro-
duced by the larvae of the above species, the life-history of which
has hitherto been unknown.

The young larvae of this species are .yellowish white with jet
black head and thoracic shield and with black thoracic feet;
tubercles small and inconspicuous, hardly darker than the rest
of the body and with short white hairs; prolegs normal with a
complete circle of small hooks. The full grown larvae have light
yellow head with black eyespots, yellow thoracic shield and feet;
length 14 mm. When full grown the larvae leave the rolls and
let themselves down to the ground, into which they burrow and
make a tough, parchment-like oval cocoon, in which they remain
as larvae until late fall. In a warm room the moths began to
issue early in February; outdoors under natural conditions issu-
ance does not take place before April.

Presented at meeting of April 2, 1914.

PROC. KNT. SOC. WASH., VOL. XVI.

HLATE Vll.

IM.ATK VIII.

I'KOC. EXT. SUC. XVAISH., VOL. XVI.

Fig. 3.

Fig. 4.

OF WASHINGTON, VOLUME XVI, 1914 151

ON MNEMONICA AURICYANEA WALSINGHAM. 1

(With Plates IX-XVI)
BY AUGUST BUSCK AND ADAM BOVING, Bureau of Entomology.

Micropteryxauricyanea Walsingham, Trans. Am. Ent. Soc. Phila., p. 204, 1882.
Eriocrania auricyanea Walsingham, Entom. Record, London, x, p. 162, 1898.
Eriocephala auricyanea Dyar, List N. A. Lep. no. 6018, 1903.
Mnemonica auricyanea Meyrick, Genera Insectorum fasc. 132, p. 5, 1912.

The only published note on the biology of any American species
of the superfamily Micropterygidoidea is by Wm. D. Kearfott
(Entom. News, p. 129, 1902). He discovered the mine and the
larva of what was presumably this species in the leaves of chest-
nut, and obtained pupae, but did not succeed in rearing the imago.

One of the authors (Busck) for several years has collected and
si udied these larva? and succeeded last spring in the rearing of a
large number of the exquisite "moths. As the American literature
on this group is so scant, it is deemed worth while to give the
following notes on the life-history, and on the remarkable struc-
ture of this American species, although most of the facts have long
been known from closely allied European species.

Mnemonica auricyanea is a small (12-14 mm. alar expanse)
strongly iridescent, golden bronze moth, sprinkled with scintil-
lating, bright metallic purple scales. The entire life of this little
insect above ground, covers but a few weeks. All the rest of its
life, more than eleven months, is passed under ground confined
within its cocoon.

The imago issues in April and lays its eggs singly on the open-
ing leaves of the Cupuliferse, (chestnut, oak and chinquapin).
In May the larva makes a large, bulgy blotch mine in the leaf.
It feeds up rapidly, within a week or ten days, falls to the ground
:md burrows down into the soil to a remarkable depth in propor-
tion to the size of the insect, sometimes as deep as a foot.' It
spins a small, very tough, oval cocoon of silk, within which it
]( 'mains curled up as a larva during the summer and fall. During
the winter the larva transforms into a most remarkable pupa,
which possesses long, arm-like, toothed, movable mandibles, with
which it cuts the tough cocoon in early spring and with which it
digs its way like a mole up to the surface of the ground, where the
imago issues.

The egg is rather large, oblong, 0.5 mm. by 0.2 mm., soft, white,
finely sculptured with minute dots. The female has a short,
horny ovipositor and inserts the eggs singly into the young leaf
near the edge, generally on the outer half. Dissection of the

1 Presented at meeting of April 2, 1914.

152 PROCEEDINGS ENTOMOLOGICAL SOCIETY

female abdomen shows that the number of eggs laid by a single
female is about forty.

The mine, (figs. 38-39), begins as a narrow line which runs out
towards the edge of the leaf. This early part of the mine is nor-
mally obliterated and makes a fissure in the leaf as this grows.
This fissure is a very characteristic feature of infested leaves.
After this short linear part the mine broadens out into a large
bulgy blotch, which always runs out to the edge of the leaf, and
normally involves the tip or one or more of the lobes. The mine
is suggestive of a beetle or a sawfly mine. The entire parenchyma
of the leaf is eaten out and the mine is equally visible from both
sides of the leaf. It is semi-transparent, so as to show plainly
the larva and the black frass, which is voided in long, irregularly
curled threads, lying loosely within the mine.

The full grown larva (fig. 1), is 9-10 mm. long, apodal, whitish
in color, somewhat flattened. Head small, flat, horizontal, light
yellow with dark brown trophi. Thoracic segments large and
bulging, first segment with lightly chitinized but rather strongly
pigmented, dark brown thoracic shield and sternal plate. Abdom-
inal segments evenly tapering to the last joint. The skin is sha-
greened, due to numerous minute, closely set, spine-like projec-
tions (fig. 3), all directed backward and probably used in the
locomotion. One pair of thoracic and eight pairs of abdominal
spiracles.

In the head (figs. 6-7), the two halves of the epicranium are
dorsally strongly prolonged backwards, separated by the very
deep upper portion of the occipital foramen; ventrally also they
are prolonged backwards, but only half as far as on the upper
side. Ventrally on the inner margin of each side of the epicran-
ium is a large triangular piece, the hypostoma, 1 which supports
the transverse bridge-shaped part of the tentorium.

On the upper side of the epicranium is found one long anterior
seta, three minute setae and several sensorial punctures, some-
what asymmetrically arranged. On the under side are found one
large and five small seta?. No true ocelli, but only a large, strongly
pigmented, ventral eyespot on each side near the antennal base.

The front 2 is nearly triangular, but the converging edges do not
quite meet posteriorly at the occipital foramen. These edges are
strongly chitinized and interiorly developed into the endoskeletal
frontal ridges. The front contains two pairs of sensorial punc-
tures but bears no setae.

1 This is probably the post-gena of Kellogg. Kansas Univ. Quarterly, vol.
n, p. 53, 1894.

2 We employ this term which was first used by Lyonet, (Traite anatomiquc
de la chenille qui ronge le bois de saule, p. 34, 1762), and which has been
adopted by \Vm. T. T. Forbes, (A Structural Study of Some Caterpillars,
Ann. Ent. Soc. America, vol. in, p. 96, 1910).

OF WASHINGTON, VOLUME XVI, 1914 153

From the posterior end of the front runs on each side a curved
translucent line to the outside of the antennal base, limiting a
large, triangular area which may be homologous to the so-called
adfront of Forbes; each of these areas contains two small setae
posteriorly.

The epistoma 1 is well developed and bears two pairs of minute
setae.

The epistoma is connected with the labrum by a large soft-
skinned part, the post-labrum of Lyonet, (the "clypeus" or "an-
teclypeus" of Packard, Sharp and others). 2

The labrum (fig. 4) is large and well chitinized, bilobed, the
anterior edge rounded and slightly emarginate; on the upper side
it bears one central pair of strong setae and along the edge five
pairs of smaller setae. On the under side of labrum and slightly
projecting in front of it, is the fleshy epipharynx (fig. 5) armed
along the anterior margin with a series of spines and bearing on
each side a large tuft of long hairs. It also has a pair of sensory
pits, and two pairs of small, symmetrically arranged, elongate,
elliptical, chitinous plates, 3 the proximal ones with a little tooth.
The margin of the epipharynx is strengthened by lateral rod-
shaped sclerites.

The antennae (fig. 11), are short, three-jointed; 4 the basal joint
is large, membranous, without spines. The second joint is well
developed and well chitinized. It bears two large spines and two
sensory processes. The third joint is much smaller and bears one
seta and two sensory processes, the larger one of which is slightly
chitinized around its base.

The mandibles (fig. 10), are strong and placed horizontally.
They have three, large, pointed teeth, and a fourth, small rudi-
mentary tooth, indicated only on the ventral side. The large,
bluntly terminating cutting edge is separated from the teeth by
a small incision. The outer edge bears two strong seise, the api-
cal one of which is on the base of the fourth rudimentary tooth.
At the base of the cutting edge is a bunch of long branched hairs.

1 Epistoma is the chitinized marginal area between the two processes
on which the fossse of the mandibles articulate. This part Forbes calls
"clypeus," (I.e. p. 96, footnote), on the supposition "that this name agrees
better with its homology in other orders."

2 Forbes does not give it any name at all, and applies, as mentioned, the
term "clypeus" to the epistoma.

3 Compare the similar structure in Coleopterous larva; mentioned by
Geo. H. Carpenter and Mabel C. MacDowell in, "TheMouthparts of Some
Beetle Larvae, WithEspecial Reference toTheMaxilluloe and Hypopharynx,"
The Quarterly Journal of Microscopical Science, vol. 57, 1912, pp. 373-393,
figs. 10, 191, 24, and 25.

4 We accept with reservations, Trscgaardh's interpretations, (in his val-
uable paper, Arkiv. for zoologi, vol. 8, 1913. Stockholm). Possibly his
first joint is but a basal membrane and the terminal sensory process a true
joint.

154 PROCEEDINGS ENTOMOLOGICAL SOCIETY

The maxillae, labium, mentum and submentum 1 are inserted in
the deeply curved hypostoma.

The maxillae (figs. 8-9), are large. The cardo is separated from
the lower part of the stipes by a transverse separating line which
can be seen by a careful examination. The cardo is without any
setae but terminates basally in a more strongly chitinized part.
The stipes is large and bears one strong and one small seta. The
palpiger is free and bears a long seta. It is fused with the sub-
galea and the maxillary lobes : the flat lacinia and the more joint-like
galea. 2 The lacinia on the dorsal side is furnished with long stiff
spines and soft hairs. The maxillary palpus is two-jointed, the
basal joint having a fine transverse line and four strong spines on
the dorsal side, and the terminal joint several small sensory proc-
esses.

Along the margin towards the labium the palpiger has a rod-like
chitinization, which at the base is connected with a similar struc-
ture along the margin of the hypopharynx. From the connecting
point starts first a staff -like thickening along the stipes, second, a
similar thickening around the lateral border of the- epipharynx
and third, a free, rod-like prolongation to the carinated frontal
suture.

The labium is somewhat broader than long with two pairs of
sensory punctures; the labial stipites form an incomplete chitinous
basal ring. The labial palpi have a broad short basal joint, an
elongated, narrow second joint with a single seta and a minute
apical joint also bearing a seta. The spinneret (the fused labial
lobes) protrudes beyond the palpi and is placed ventrally, well
within the anterior margin of the labium. The mentum (fig. 9),
is large and unchitinized, at the base separated from a short sub-
mentum by a bow-shaped transverse line. It has a single pair of
sensory punctures. The submentum is also unchitinized. On
the dorsal side of the labium towards the mouth cavity, the hypo-
pharynx is provided with a series of long branched hairs. Further
down is found a chitinized plate with the rudimentary third pair
of maxillae, the socalled maxillulae (fig. 8). They are provided
with short spines and correspond exactly to homologous elements
described in the beetle larvae by Carpenter and Mabel MacDowell,
(1. c. p. 375).

The body tubercles (figs. 2-3) are only discernible by their
setae, which are themselves rather small. The arrangement

1 Forbes, (I.e. p. 96), states, "The lower lip in caterpillars is formed of
the maxillae as well as the labium," but this is a confusion of terms, as the
term labium and lower lip hitherto have been regarded as synonyms.

- This may be more correctly interpreted as the digitus laciniac figured
by Comstock in a Coleopterous maxilla, fig. 605, in his Manual, 1895. If
so, the galea is absent.

OF WASHINGTON, VOLUME XVI, 1914 155-

is primitive. Utilizing Dyar's numbers, these setae may be in-
terpreted as follows: I, II, IV, V, and VII, nearly in a line on the
posterior annulet of the segment; VI small and a little in front of
this line; III obliquely above and behind the spiracle, with a mi-
nute IIIA obliquely before the spiracle. Besides these, there are
two minute spines (x) on the dorsal half of each joint. Thoracic
legs and abdominal prolegs are wanting.

The larva is full grown about ten days after the hatching of the
egg. It then cuts a small semi-circular slit in the upper epider-
mis of the leaf, and leaves the mine, dropping to the ground,
where it at once digs down until it finds a suitable place in which
to make its cocoon. Normally this is attained within a few inches
or even less from the surface of the ground, often next to a stone.
but in the breeding jars 1 some went down six to eight inches and
there are records of even greater depths, depending presumably
upon the nature and humidity of the soil. There the larva bends
itself into a circle and pushes the soil aside to make a small firm
cell in which it then spins its oval cocoon.

The cocoon is so tight fitting around the larva and is made of
so closely woven tough silk that it is difficult to cut it open with
dissecting needles without injuring the larva within. The cocoon
is about 2 mm. by 4 mm., of whitish silk and with small grains
of earth and sand firmly incorporated in its surface. The larva
remains within this cocoon apparently unchanged during summer
and fall, and not before sometime during the winter does it trans-
form into a pupa, which also very nearly fills out the cocoon.

The pupa (figs. 19-20-21) is most extraordinary, unlike any
other Lepidopterous pupa, and reminding one much more of those
of Trichoptera. It has all appendages free and unfused and all
the body segments movable. The head especially can be moved
up and down and sideways. There is, of course, no room within
the narrow confines of the cocoon for these movements, but if a
pupa is taken out and lightly touched with a brush, it responds
with the most grotesque nodding of its head and with the swing-
ing out of the enormous mandibles in a deliberate manner. AVhile
all of the other appendages are loose, not glued together as is nor-
mal in a Lepidopterous pupa, it is mainly the head and the
mandibles and abdominal segments, which are movable and which

1 Common large flower pots were used. These were filled with clean
sand and sifted soil, liberally mixed with small pieces of rock, and the
mined leaves were laid on top thereof. As soon as the larva? had left the
leaves, these were taken away, The pots were then buried flush with the
ground, inside an unheated breeding house, where they were sheltered from
sun and rain, but still exposed to nearly outdoor temperature during the
winter. The pots were watered half a dozen times from May to the follow-
ing January, and were then placed within breeding cases for the emergence
of the moths.

156 PROCEEDINGS ENTOMOLOGICAL SOCIETY

are utilized in locomotion, when the pupa digs up through the
earth. The legs are rather feeble and immovable and are not
used for this purpose as has been asserted. 1

The pupal skin is very thin and transparent, so that the imagi-
nal hairs and scales, as well as the eyes and ocelli can be plainly
seen through it. The only part of the pupa which is strongly
chitinized, besides the large mandibles, is the supporting mouth-
frame (figs. 14-18) formed by epistoma, pleurostoma and hypos-
toma.

From the front projects downwardly a large, peculiar, beak-
like, soft process, reaching above and beyond the base of the
labrum. On the upper part of the front are two pairs of long,
curved, stiff hairs, the same which persist on the head of most
Lepidopterous pupae (fig. 16).

The eyes are large. The antennae are free throughout their
entire length and run in a broad curve over the base of the wings
and rest on the costal edge of the wings, reaching nearly to their
tips. The first joint is large and elongate, four times as long as
the succeeding joints. The tufts of hairs on the imaginal joints
are plainly visible through the pupal sheath.

The labrum is large, subquadrate, with incurved front margin.
It is rather firm and bears six pairs of long stiff bristles.

The most conspicuous of the mouth parts are the very long,
stout, curved, armlike mandibles (fig. 15). These are strongly
chitinized and dark brown in color. Their fossa and condylus
are strongly developed and firmly jointed to the mouth frame.
Their inner edge is sharply serrated nearly to the end and the
apex is broadened out into a formidable club, which is abruptly
cut off with a flattened, somewhat hollow end, the edges of which
are armed with several strong teeth. They are capable of a strong-
outward swinging movement, which is used to tear the tough
cocoon and afterwards to dig up through the soil.

The mandibles are moved by strong muscles (fig. 18), identical
with the abductor and adductor mandibulse found in insects with
biting mouthparts, and the minute imaginal mandibles can be
found within their base by dissection (fig. 14). In this connection
we refer to Chapman's peculiar statement in his otherwise very
lucid account of an "Eriocranid" pupa. 2

1 Sharp, in his textbook, p. 327, 1909.

'That a Lepidopterous pupa should have jaws is remarkable enough;
that they should be of such immense size proportionately to the insect and
should be functionally active seems at first sight incredible; but the still
more remarkable fact remains, that active and powerful as they are, there
are no visible means of working them, as they are pupal structures, used
only immediately before the emergence of the imago and have no corre-
sponding imaginal parts attached to them.

"The whole question, how these jaws are worked, will form an intorestin-j;

OF WASHINGTON, VOLUME XVI, 1914 157

The maxillary palpi (fig. 17), are bent upon themselves in five
sharp curves, with the last joint pointed downwards and forwards.

The two halves of the proboscis are widely separated and out-
wardly curved, with their tips nearly meeting in the middle line
forming a heart-shaped figure.

The labium and its three-jointed palpi are pointed downwards
in two straight, divergent staffs, reaching beyond the curved pro-
boscis.

The strongly angulated patagia, 1 (fig. 19), overlap the base of
the wings behind.

The legs are folded loosely along the body, the posterior tarsi
reaching beyond, and curved around the tip of the abdomen.

On the back of the pupa is a peculiar structure, the morphology
and function of which is not clear to us. It consists of an un-
paired, thin-walled, strap-like, longitudinal band (fig. 21, x), made
up of three separate appendages in prolongation of each other and
attached to the middle line of respectively the second and third
thoracic and the first abdominal segments.

Each abdominal segment bears two lateral pairs of strong stiff
spines. The spiracles are small and circular.

In early spring when the pupa is mature and ready for the
emergence of the adult, the cocoon is split open by an outward
movement of the mandibles which tears through the tough silk.
The pupa then wriggles out of the cocoon and laboriously digs up-
ward through the earth by the help of the mandibles, swung from
the exceedingly movable head and pushed on by the movements
of the abdomen. When it finally has made its way to the sur-
face, it lies immovable for some time, during which the last acts
of the transformation to adult take place. The mandibles be-
come immovable through the withdrawal of the imaginal skin and
mandibles, together with the strong muscles which remain in the
imaginal head. The pupal skin now splits open on the median
line of the first and second thoracic segments. The long-haired
head and thorax of the imago appear in the slit and the fully
developed moth issues. It at once seeks some support from which
to hang with backwardly extended wing, as is usual with freshly
emerged moths, but it is very quickly in condition for active
flight. It is interesting to note that if the cocoon is taken out of
the sand and placed on the surface for observation, as was done

research for some microanatomist. I fear my own training leaves me un-
equal to carry the matter much further. I am however, thoroughly satis-
fied on two points: first, that there are no muscles attached to these jaws,
second, that there are no imaginal jaws within them, whose movements
compel those of the pupal ones." Chapman, Trans. Knl. Soc. Lond. 1893,
pp. 255-263.

1 The patagina of Busck, by mistake.

158 PKOCEEDINGS ENTOMOLOGICAL SOCIETY

with several, the pupa has a period of rest after emergence from
the cocoon, during which the mandibles and the head work fu-
riously at the least irritation with a hair-pencil, or even without
such. This period evidently corresponds to the time it normally
takes the pupa to work its way through the soil to the surface.
Later on comes the period of immovability of the mandibles,
which fail to respond even if sharply irritated. This corresponds
to the resting period when the pupa under normal conditions has
reached the surface.

The imago has the head (fig. 22) and face strongly tufted with
long gray, brown and white hairs, which obscure the eyes and
mouthparts. The antenna? are simple, dark brown, with two
longitudinal light yellow lines throughout their length. Thorax
strongly haired, the long brown and gray hairs arranged in three
large whorled tufts, two over the patagia and one posteriorly.
Fore wings elongate elliptical, thickly covered with large golden
scales, evenly interspersed with numerous single purplish blue
metallic scales: cilia light golden brown Hind wing dark golden
brown, with a purple sheen, semitransparent at base; cilia gray.
Abdomen brownish gray, in the female terminating in a short,
stout, brown, horny ovipositor. Legs dark gray sprinkled with
purple scales; posterior tibiae with long, sparse thin hairs on the
upper side and with two pairs of well developed spurs. Alar
expanse 10-13 mm. The venation is given in figures 12-13.

From the several clearly primitive characters which they pos-
sess in common, more especially in the neuration and the mode
of keeping the wings together by the so-called jugum (the clavus
of Spuler), there can be no doubt that the Eriocranidve and the
Micropterygidse represent the most ancestral group of Lepidop-
tera. This has been generally recognized by all modern Lepidop-
terists, but there has been considerable difference of opinion as to
the relative systematic value of these groups. Some authors have
considered the active biting mouth parts of the adult Microp-
terygidaB of sufficient systematic value to separate this group as a
distinct superfamily or even subclass. On the other hand, Mey-
rick regards the passage to sucking mouth parts in the Eriocrani-
da3 as a purely biological change of structure of much less system-
atic significance, and he treats the two groups as closely allied
subfamilies.

The actual presence of rudimentary but unmistakable mandi-
bles also in the Eriocranidse tends to support Meyrick's opinion of
close correlation, but his. description (Genera Insectorum), con-
tains some misstatements and omissions in the anatomy of the
head structures in the two groups. We consider that the differ-
ences both in the mouth parts and in the venation, as well as of

OF WASHINGTON, VOLUME XVI, 1914 159

the larvae, justify separate family rank for the Eriocranidae and
the Micropterygidae of which the latter are by far the more ances-
tral, as shown in the following comparison of their head structure.

The adult Micropterygid (Micropteryx ammanella Hlibner, is
used in this comparison), has true, well developed, strongly chi-
tinized, functional mandibles (fig. 35). These are in a general
way similar to those just described in the Eriocranid pupa, but
are much contracted. They have well developed fossa and con-
dylus, jointed on the mouth-frame and are moved by strong ab-
ductor and adductor muscles. Their outer end is sharply cut off
and palmate as in the Eriocranid pupa and toothed on the edges.
The upper one of the outer teeth is more pointed and larger than
the rest.

In the adult Eriocranid (Mnemonica auricyanea Walsingham)
are found by dissection similar but rudimentary and unchitinized
mandibles (figs. 27, 31, 33). These have not the palmate apex,
and the fossa and condylus are hardly discernible, while the liga-
ment connecting frhem to the mouth frame is large and cushion-
like. In the pupa these mandibles are plainly visible within the
base of the pupal mandibles (fig. 14), and they possess strongly
developed abductor and adductor muscles (fig. 31), identical with
those in the pupa. These muscles and the development within
the corresponding pupal structure definitely prove the mandibu-
lar nature of these organs. 1 The presence of true biting mandibles
in the Micropterygidse is therefore not of such fundamental im-
portance as Sharp, Tutt, and others have assigned to it, the less
so as rudimentary mandibles may be distinguished in certain
much higher Lepidoptera. 2 But the further presence of all the

1 Compare Chapman's statement, above quoted, in footnote, page 15(i-7,
which has been accepted by subsequent writers, as Sharp and Meyrick.
The former states, page 308 in his textbook, (The Cambridge Natural His-
tory, vol. vi, Insects, part n, 1899), "The opinion entertained by \Valter
that Micropteryx proper, (his 'hohere Micropteryginen,' Meyrick's 'Erio-
cranianaV) also possesses rudimentary mandibles is considered by Chap-
man, no doubt with reason, to be erroneous." Further in the same man-
ual, p. 437; "All the information we possess points to profound distinctions
between Micropteryx, (our 'Eriocranidse'), and Erioccphala, (our 'Microp-
terygidae,' Walter's 'niedere Micropteryginen') for whereas, in the former
the mandibles drop off from the pupa, so that the imago has no mandibles,
in the latter, the mandibles exist." Meyrick, in his monograph of tlm
Micropterygidae (Genera Insectorum, 912, p. 3), simply states in the diag-
nosis of his subfamily Eriocranince, "No mandibles." On the other hand,
it should be noted that Alfred Walter in his excellent work on the morphol-
ogy of the Lepidoptera, (Jenaische Zeitschrift fur Nalurwisscns., Bd. 18,
1884, neue Folge Bd. u, p. 751-807, 2 plates), has correct!}' interpreted these
structures in what he calls the "hohere Micropterygidae."

2 The weak and functionless mandibles have been recognized later by
Kellogg, (The Mouthparts of the Lepidoptera, Am. Nat. vol. 29, p. 546,
1895), by Packard, (On a new Classification of the Lepidoptera, Am. Natur.

160 PROCEEDINGS ENTOMOLOGICAL SOCIETY

other trophi also identical with those found in insects with biting
mouth parts, and even maxillulse lobes on hypopharynx (fig. 37),
proves the Micropterygidse a much more ancient group than the
Eriocranidse, which possess none of these characteristics but has
a true sucking mouth.

In the Micropterygidse the maxillae consist of a well developed
cardo and stipes (figs. 36-37), a palpiger which carries the six-
jointed palpus, and a subgalea which carries a distinct, well chiti-
nized lacinia with a few setae, and a two-jointed galea, the basal
joint of which is short and well chitinized, while the terminal
joint is soft and leaf-shaped, with a longitudinal series of seise.

The Eriocranidse (figs. 29-30), also possess distinct cardo and
stipes, as well as a six-jointed palpus, and the galea is also two-
jointed, but they lack altogether the lacinia, and the terminal
joint of the galea is developed into one of the hollow sheaths of a
true proboscis, is curved, has the typical serrations (figs. 25-26),
which serve to connect it with the other half of the proboscis,
and has the usual parallel ring structure and surface cilia placed
in transverse lines.

Both the Micropterygidse and the Eriocranidse possess a labium
with a well developed, three-jointed palpus, the apical joint with
the usual sensitive groove, 1 represented merely by a depression
containing the rows of sensitive cones. But in tlie Microptery-
gidse is found a setae-bearing lobe, corresponding to the galea of
the maxillae, issuing from the so-called basal joint of the palpus,
which should rather be interpreted as stipes labii. Of this setae-
bearing lobe there is no vestige in the Eriocranidse. Finally,
only the Micropterygidse, as already mentioned possess the two
maxillulae lobes, lateral to the hypopharynx. 2

The authors are under great obligations to their friend Rev. -I.
DeGryse, for the several excellent figures (1, 2, 3, 4, '5, 6, 7, S.
9, 10, 11, 15, 19, and 21), of the larval and pupal structures, which
he has studied most diligently and carefully, thus contributing
very considerably to the value of this paper.

The other figures, except the venation, were drawn by Adam
Boving.

vol. 29, p. 636, 1895) and by Francis X.Williams, (A New Eriocrania from
the Pacific Coast, Ent. News, p. 14, 1908).

1 Pointed out by O. Von Rath: Zool. Anzeiger 1887, p. 627; Zeitschrift
f. Wissench. Zoolpgie, Bd. 46, 1888.

2 These investigations of the maxillary, labial, and maxillulary struc-
tures fully substantiate the writings of Dr. Walter, who has already pointed
out most of the above mentioned characters in his excellent paper. In the
middle of the hypopharynx is plainly seen in our slides, both of the Microp-
terygidse and the Eriocranidse, the opening of the salivary glands, which
\\ alter was not able to discern on account of the condition of his material.

OF WASHINGTON, VOLUME XVI, 1914 161

EXPLANATION" OF PLATES.

PLATE IX. Mnemonica auricyanea Walsingham, larva.

Fig. 1, lateral view of full grown larva.

Fig. 2, lateral view of flattened larval skin; SP, thoracic spiracle; sp, ab-
dominal spiracles.

Fig. 3, details of the sixth abdominal segment, lateral view; .r, small un-
numbered setse.

PLATE X. Mnemonica auricyanea Walsingham, larva.

Fig. 4, dorsal view of epipharynx, labrum and post-labrum; ex, epiphar-
ynx; Ir, labrum; pi, post-labrum; mb, median bristles.

Fig. 5, ventral view of epipharynx; ch, hairtuft; ep ext, exterior epipha-
ryngeal plate ; ep int, interior epipharyngeal plate ; er, rod along the margin ;
es, sensory puncture; ex, epipharynx.^

Fig. 6, dorsal view of head, a, (on detail A), dorsal mandibular articula-
tion; af, adfront; afl, -adf rental line; an, annulus around the antennal base:
r, (on detail A), carinated lateral margin of front; e, (on detail A), epistoma;
cpc, epicranium; /, front; of, occipital foramen; pi, post-labrum.

Fig. 7, ventral view of head; epc, epicranium; h, hypostoma with /, im-
pression where tentorium is attached; m, mentum; ocl, eyespot.

PLATE XI. Mnemonica auricyanea Walsingham, larva and wing venation
of the imago.

Fig. 8, maxillse, hypopharynx and maxillulac; bb, branched bristles; r/.s,
duct of salivary glands; epc, margin of epicranium; g, galea or digitus la-
cinia; hr, chitinous rod of hypopharynx; hx, hypopharynx; I, lacinia; tup,
basal joint of maxillary palpus; mxl, maxilluke; spr, spinneret.

Fig. 9, ventral view of maxilla? and labium; cr, cardo; err, chitinization
along inner edge of cardo; Ip, basal joint of labial palpus; 1st, labial stipes;
m, mentum; mpl, basal joint of maxillary palpus; mpll, terminal joint;
ply, palpiger; sm, submentum; r, chitinous rod along the inner margin of
lacinia; st, maxillary stipes; str, chitinous rod along the margin of maxil-
lary stipes.

Fig. 10, left mandible, ventral view.

Fig. 11, dorsal view of right antenna; an, annulus around antennal base;
at, large papilla or terminal joint.

Fig. 12, venation of forewing.

Fig. 13, venation of hindwing.

PLATE XII. Mnemonica auricyanea Walsingham, pupa.

Fig. 14, labrum and mandibles of the imago within the labrum and man-
dibles of the pupa; labrum and mandibles of the pupa indicated with dotted
lines; mf, mouthframe.

Fig. 15, ventral view of left mandible.

Fig. 16, dorsal view of head; ant, antenna; /s, frontal seta-; //;, labial pal-
pus; h, labrum; md, mandible; mf, mouth frame; >n/>, maxillary palpus: />/:,
beaklike prolongation of front; pr, proboscis.

Fig. 17, ventral view of head; epc, epicranium; /;, hypostoma; //>, labial

162 PROCEEDINGS ENTOMOLOGICAL SOCIETY

palpus; m, mentum; md, mandible; mp, maxillary palpus; of I, anterior part
of occipital foramen; of II, posterior part of occipital foramen; oc, compound
eye; pr, half part of proboscis; SHI, submentum; tb, bridge of tentorium;
si, stipes.

Fig. 18, mouth frame and mandible with musculature, dorsal view; ab,
abductor muscle of mandible ; ad, adductor muscle of mandible ; d, dorsal
process of mouth frame on which fossa of the mandible articulates; mf,
mouth frame; t, tendon; v, ventral socket of mouth frame on which condy-
lus of mandible articulates.

PLATE XIII. Mnemonica auricyanea Walsingham, pupa.

Fig. 19, lateral view; pt, patagium.

Fig. 20, ventral view.

Fig. 21, dorsal view; x, thin-walled dorsal appendices.

PLATE XIV. Mnemonica auricyanea Walsingham, imago.

Fig. 22, lateral view of head; ant, antenna; e, epistoma; epc, epicranium;
/, front; Ip, labial palpus; I, labrum; md, mandible; mf, mouth frame;
mp, maxillary palpus; ocl, ocellus; pi, post-labrum; pr, proboscis.

Fig. 23, epipharynx and hypopharynx; mm, membrane of mouth; ex, epi-
pharynx; hx, hypopharynx; pap, sensory papilla; ph, pharynx; sc, scales;
w, sensory wart.

Fig. 24, dorsal view of head; an, antennal ring; epc, epicranium;/, front;
oc, compound eye; ocl, simple eye; ha, hair-bearing area.

Fig. 25, apex of right half of proboscis from inner side.

Fig. 26, base of right half of proboscis from inner side; ci, cilia belonging
to the external parallel series; fri, stiff connecting fringes of ventral mar-
gin; th, transverse ring-structure.

Fig. 27, ventral view of head; ex, epipharynx; h, hypostoma; hx, hypo-
pharynx; m, attachment of mentum; md, mandible; mx, attachment of
maxilla; of I, anterior portion of occipital foramen; of II, posterior portion
of occipital foramen; tb, bridge of tentorium; v, ventral mandibular articu-
lation.

Fig. 28, ventral side of labium; Ip, labial palpus; m, mentum; VR, organ
discovered by Von Rath.

Fig. 29, buccal surface of left maxilla; c, cardo; gl, basal joint of galea;
gll, terminal joint of galea developed as left half of proboscis; h, hypo-
stoma; mp, maxillary palpus; pig, palpiger; sgl, subgalea.

Fig. 30, ventral side of right maxilla; c, cardo; gl, basal joint of galea;
gll, terminal joint of galea; mp, maxillary palpus; pig, palpiger; sg, sub-
galea; si, stipes.

PLATE XV. Mnemonica auricyanea Walsingham, imago, figs. 31-33.

Fig. 31, ventral view of right mandible; ab, abductor muscle; ad, adduc-
tor muscle; t, tendon.

Fig. 32, frontal view of head; ant, antenna; epc, epicranium; e, epistoma;
/, front; Ir, labrum; Ip, labial palpus; m, mentum; md, mandible; mp, max-
illary palpus; pi, post-labrum; pig, palpiger; pr, proboscis (= terminal
joint of galea); sm, submentum.

PROC. ENT. SOC. WASH., VOL. XVI.

PLATE IX.

PLATE X.

PROC. ENT. SOC. WASH., VOL. XVI.

a
(C

PROC. ENT. SOC. WA>H., VOL. XVI.

PLAT XI.

PL VTE XII.

PROC. ENT. SOC. \VASH., VOL. XVI.

TIG

Fic. 16

FIG 17

18

PROC. ENT. SOC. WASH., VOL. XVI.

PLATK XIII.

CS

d

c

a

(N
c5

(C

a

(C

PLATE XIV.

PROC. EXT. SOC. WASH., VOL. XVI.

-epc

--Ip

mm;'

FIG 23

ha

Tic. 2'

FIG 2.6

Fie. 2.4

TIG 27

FIG, 2.9

PROC. EXT. SOC. WASH., VOL. XVI.

PLATE XV

epc

3 3

-HPB

ta

N>cl

34

TIG 35

am-'

FIG 36

FIG. 37

PLATE XVI.

PROC. ENT. SOC. WASH., VOL. XVI.

38.

Fig. 39.

OF WASHINGTON, VOLUME XVI, 1914 163

Fig. 33, interior view of a piece of the head of a dry specimen; ad, adduc-
tor mandibuli; epc, epicranium; md, mandible; /, tendon; ap, process to
which antenna? muscles are attached.

Micropteryx ammanella Hiiber, imago, figs. 34-37.

Fig. 34, dorsal view of head; ant, antenna; epc, epicranium; ha, hair-
bearing area; Ir, labrum, md, mandible; ocl, ocellus; pg, pilifer; pi, post-
labrum; ta, spot indicating the interior attachment of tentorial arm.

Fig. 35, upper portion of head from inner side; an, antennal ring; ex,
epipharynx; md, mandible; ocl, ocellus; pg, pilifer; ph, pharynx; r, endo-
skeletal rod; I, tendon of mandible; la, tentorial arm.

Fig. 36, ventral view of head; c, cardo; epc, epicranium; g, galea; h, hy-
postoma; /, lacinia; II, labial lobe; 1st, labial stipes; m, mentum; mp, max-
illary palpus; pig, palpiger; s<7, subgalea; sm, submentum; st, stipes; tb,
tentorial bridge.

Fig. 37, lower portion of head from inner side; epc, epicranium; g, galea;
hx, hypopharynx; I, lacinia; II, labial lobe; mxl, maxillula; Ip, labial pal-
pus; r, endoskeletal rod; sg, subgalea; t, tendon of mandible; ta, tentorial
arm; tb, tentorial bridge.

PLATE XVI. Mnemonica auricyanea Walsingham.

Fig. 38, young mine and egg puncture in chestnut leaf.

Fig. 39, old mines.

AQUATIC BEETLES, ESPECIALLY HYDROSCAPHA, IN HOT
SPRINGS, IN ARIZONA. 1

BY E. A. SCHWARZ, Bureau of Entomology.

In 1891 on the occasion of the meeting of the A. A. A. S. at
Washington, D. C., I prepared for publication a letter just received
from our lamented friend and former president of this Society,
Mr. H. G. Hubbard, relating to insect life in the hot springs of
the Yellowstone National Park. This letter has been published
in the Canad. Ent., vol. 23, pp. 226-230. At the same time I
made myself a little acquainted with the literature on insect life
in hot water and found that in America there is only one paper
referring to this subject, namely by Dr. A. S. Packard, published
in the American Naturalist on a Stratiomyid (Diptera) larva
found in Wyoming. (This same paper is mentioned by Dr.
Sharp in the Cambridge Nat. History.) In this instance the
Dipterous larva was found in hot water estimated only 20 or
30 below the boiling point. In the case of Mr. Hubbard's obser-
vations in the Yellowstone Park he expresses his regrets at not

. * Presented at meeting of April 2, 1914.

164 PROCEEDINGS ENTOMOLOGICAL SOCIETY

having a thermometer at his disposal, but at one place he found
semi-aquatic insect life close to springs and creeks the water of
which is close to the boiling point. The European literature on
the subject is very meager and like the American references only
proves that there are no genera or even species of true insects
which exclusively live in hot water, but that there are insects that
are very fond of living and even developing in or near hot or very
warm water but which are at the same time found in or near water
of moderate or even cold temperature. On the other hand it
cannot be denied that many aquatic insects are very particular
in the selection of their habitat as you can easily see even in the
vicinity of Washington. Some insects live exclusively in very
cold springs, others live only in the shaded, small creeks emptying
into the Potomac or Rock Creek; others live in the broader and
more sunny creeks such as the Eastern Branch, while the fauna
of the Potomac River and its immediate shore has many peculi-
arities of its own. , '

Knowing all this and with the expectation of not finding any-
thing of special interest in the creek at Castle Hot Springs in Ari-
zona, Mr. H. S. Barber and I visited that place at the end of June
in 1901.

The little resort of Hot Springs is situated in Castle Creek can-
yon, Yavapai County, Arizona, near the southern end of the
Wickenburg Mountains at an altitude of 1970 feet. Steep and
high cliffs rising to about 3000 feet elevation surround the place
on all sides. The country is extremely arid but its scanty vege-
tation with its giant cactus, various other species of the same fam-
ily, its acacias, mesquite, etc., is not much different in general
aspect from that at numerous places in southern Arizona. The
hot springs themselves originate at the head of a little gorge about
150 feet above the bottom of the canyon. Where the water comes
out of small crevices in the solid rock its temperature is 115
Fahrenheit (apparently not varying throughout the year). It
falls then into an upper basin where the temperature is but little
lower than at the spring itself. This basin is surrounded by
steep rocks and there is no vegetation in the water except a blu-
ish green alga, and on the wet marginal rocks a brownish yellow
alga containing much calcareous matter. Thence there is a water-
fall of several feet and the hot water meanders as a small creek
over rocks and stones through the middle part of the gorge. Here
the temperature of the water is already considerably lower, per-
haps less than 100, and the creek is lined with a dense growth
of tall reeds, the rootlets of which, mingled with the same green
alga, form a swampy but quite warm breeding place for insects.
Arrived at the bottom of the gorge the water has (in summer-
time) a temperature of 94. It is used for drinking purposes, sup-

OF WASHINGTON, VOLUME XVI, 10H ]ti."i

plies two little fountains and irrigates a tiny garden. The creek
is here lined with willow bushes, grass and other green vegetation.
Beyond this place the creek disappears in the thirsty sand of the
canyon.

The following aquatic or semi-aquatic insects were found by
Mr. H. S. Barber and myself in or near this creek during a short
visit at the end of June 1901, but a large part of our collection,
including the entire alcoholic material was lost in the conflagra-
tion which destroyed the city of Williams, Arizona, on July 2,
1901. In December 1913 we again visited the place but either on
account of the cold weather or on account of the various "im-
provements" in the bed of the creek, insect life was much scantier
than in the summer of 1901.

In the upper basin and at the head of the spring the following
species occurred:

Helochares normatus.

Hydroscapha natans.

A water mite (Hydrachnid).
In or along the middle course of the creek:

Bidessus subtilis.

Laccophilus pictus.

Helophorus obscurus.

Epimetopus nov. spec.

Helochares normatus.

ChcEtarthria minor.

Creniphilus subcupreus.

Berosus sp.

Hydroscapha natans.

Larva of a Cyphonid (Scirtesf)

Simulium sp. (larvae and pupae)

Two species of minute aquatic Dipterous larva? (Chiro-

nomidse) .

On the muddy banks of the creek occurred also quite a fauna
of riparian Coleoptera of the genera Schizogenius, Bembidim,/,
Tachys, Tanygnathus, Actobius, Stenus, Sunius, Medon, Apocellus,
and various Aleocharince. On the tall reeds a species of Aphidi-
da3 occurred which was fed upon by Scymnus flebilis and its varie-
ties.

In the lower part of the creek the same aquatic Coleoptera
were found with the exception of the Epimetopus but there was a
species of Dryops and additional riparian species.

An opportunity to compare the hot water fauna with that of
cold water in the same region presented itself in what is called
the "Four Tanks" which are merely enormous "potholes" or
round waterworn basins cut in the rock by the drainage of a small
valley descending the abrupt wall of the canyon through a narrow

166 PROCEEDINGS ENTOMOLOGICAL SOCIETY

cleft. These four reservoirs are situated one above the other
almost as gigantic steps, the lower broken so that water does not
stand in it, and only the second is accessible by ladder and con-
tains two to six feet of water. In this water the following insects
were taken in June 1901 :

Cnemidotus (Peltodytes) simplex.

Desmopachria n. sp.

Desmopachria mexicana.

Laccophilus terminatus.

Laccophilus lateral-is.

Laccophilus ellipticus.

Bidessus cinctellus.

Bidessus subtilis.

Hydroporus corvinus.

Thermonectes marmoratus.

Hydrochus vagus.

Hydrcena sp.

Berosus n. sp.

Helochares normatus.

Odonate larvae (Dragon flies), various species.
It will be seen that the interest in the insects found in the Hot
Springs of Arizona centers in two species of Coleoptera, viz., the
Hydrophilid, Epimetopus and the little Hydroscapha which is,
according to all authorities the representative of a separate fam-
ily. A description and figure of the new Epimetopus will be fur-
nished at some future time but the occurrence of the genus Hydro-
scapha so remote from its type locality, and moreover the dis-
covery of its earlier stages present a peculiar interest so that I
feel justified in presenting a bibliography of the genus and a short
account of the circumstances under which the genus has been
found in Arizona. These notes are intended solely as an intro-
duction to the following important paper by Dr. Boving. Whether
or not the Arizonan species of Hydroscapha is different from the
Californian species (natans) can not be ascertained at present
since specimens of the latter are not at hand for comparison.

BIBLIOGRAPHY OF HYDROSCAPHA.

1874. LECONTE, (Trans. Am. Ent. Soc. v, pp. 45-46) in erecting the family
Hydroscaphidce, with //. natans Lee. as the only species, says:
" [This insect] seems to me another of the synthetic types gradu-
ally becoming known to us among the smaller and more obscure
forms, connecting several different families of the Clavicorn se-
ries, in this instance the Hydrophilidce, Scaphidiidae, and perhaps
the Trichopterygidse. In the accepted arrangement of Coleoptera
it must be considered as indicating a new family."

OF WASHINGTON, VOLUME XVI, 1914 167

H . nalans Lee., the type species, was found by Mr. G. R. Crotch
abundantly at Los Angeles in the river. LeConte says: "Mr.
Crotch informs me that this very singular insect resembles in ap-
pearance some of the species of Limnebius."

1874. D. SHARP, On a new family of European Coleoptera, (Ent. Mo.
Mag. vol. xi, 1874, pp. 101-104). Reproduces LeConte's article
in full; corrects LeConte's statements regarding number of tarsal
joints (only 3-jointed) and number of antennal joints (only 8
joints). He becomes aware that several species of this genus oc-
qur also in Europe and describes H. crotchii from Madrid, Spain,
which had hitherto been considered a species of Limnebius.

1876. REV. A. MATTHEWS, (Essay on the genus Hydroscapha Lee. Lon-

don, 20 pp., 1 plate). This paper I have not seen but it is referred
to by LeConte and Horn (1883).

1877. In the second edition of the Catalogus Coleopterorum Europse the

authors in ignorance of American literature credit the genus Hy-
droscapha to Dr. Sharp and place it as a kind of subfamily in the
Scaphidiidse.

1883. In the third edition of the same Catalogus, the genus Hydroscapha
is again credited to Dr. Sharp but placed between the Spha?ridiida3
and Trichopterygidae as a kind of subfamily.

1883. CL. REY, Sur le genre Hydroscapha. (Rev. d'Entom. n, p. 84)
Gives parallel descriptions of the genera Limnebius and Hydrosca-
pha, and comes to the conclusion that Hydroscapha is closely al-
lied to Limnebius of the family Hydrophilidse.

1883. DAVID SHARP, Un mot sur le genre Hydroscapha. (Revue d'Ento-

mol. n, p. 117) Replies sharply to Mr. Rey and accuses him of
total ignorance of the literature on Hydroscapha. The latter
should be considered either as a new family or as an aquatic tribe
of the Trichopterygidae.

lss3. LECOXTE and HORN, (Classification of the Coleoptera of North
America, p. 180) place the family Hydroscaphidse between the
Trichopterygidae and Sphaeriidse, and refer as follows to Matthews'
(1876) paper. "The Rev. A. Matthews has since published a
memoir on the genus in which he shows that the affinities are
strongly towards Trichopterygidae with tendencies as indicated by
Dr. LeConte toward Hydrophilidso."

1884. REV. A. MATTHEWS, Synopsis of the North American Trichopteryg-

idso (Tr. Am. Ent. Soc. xi, pp. 115-116) gives a description of the
genus Hydroscapha and the species H. nalans Lee. among the fam-
ily Trichopterygidae.

1889. FLACH, (Verh. Zool. Bot. Ges. Wien. vol. xxxix, p. 523). I failed to
see this reference.

1899. L. GANGLBAUER, (Die Kafer von Mitteleuropa, in, part i, pp. 332-
335) Recognizes LeConte's genus Hydroscapha as a separate family

168 PROCEEDINGS ENTOMOLOGICAL SOCIETY

which he places between the Trichopterygidae and the Scaphidii-
(hc. Rejects Key's conclusion that Hydroscapha is closely allied
to Limnebius. Has not seen Matthews' (1876) article..

1901. H. C. FALL, The Coleoptera of Southern California (Occas. papers
of the Calif. Ac. Sc. vm, 1901, p. 80) says: "H. nalans is proba-
bly not a rare insect, though very seldom taken; when one is dis-
covered a considerable number may usually be obtained by patient
search. I have taken it close to the bank in a mountain stream,
and also in a muddy spot in a cow pasture near Pomona."

1906. In the latest edition of the Europ. Coleopt. Catalogue by L. V.
Heyden, E. Reitter and J. Weise the genus Hydroscapha is finally
accredited to LeConte and placed as a full-fledged family between
1he Trichopterygidse and Scaphidiidae.

[References to the European species of Hydroscapha are omitted
from this list.]

In the year 1901 Mr. Barber found it commonly in the fountain
at the mouth of the gorge, while in December 1913 the beetle did
not occur at the same place, the water at that time being much
colder, but on both occasions it occurred at the head of the spring
and in the middle course of the creek. It is not a swimming beetle
but always occurs among the algae growing on the rocks at the
very edge of the water. They were much more abundant where
the flow from the spring itself was so shallow on the algae that
the beetles could crawl freely with their backs at the surface, and
under these circumstances the water did not wet the middle part
of the elytra, but the larvae among the adults were completely
submerged. The beetle itself is quite conspicuous in spite of its
small size ; its movements while by no means rapid are quite per-
ceptible, in fact its whole behavior and appearance with its ex-
tended abdomen reminds one forcibly, except for the aquatic
habit, of the Staphylinid genus Erchomus. The specimens are
difficult to secure and in some instances they disappear suddenly,
apparently taking flight. The larvae as found by Mr. Barber are
of the same color as the rocks and difficult to observe although
fully exposed and not covered by the algae.

A box filled with algae containing larvae and imagoes of Hydro-
scapha was at once mailed to Washington, where in the course
of time Dr. Boving not only was able to make a thorough study
of the larvae but also discovered eggs and the pupa. He also
pointed out the conspicuous air reservoir showing through the
elytra of the living adults and extending behind the elytral apices
on account of rather long projecting ciliae. Thus the biology of
another family of Coleoptera of uncertain position has been as-
certained.

OF WASHINGTON, VOLUME XVI, 1914 169

NOTES ON THE LARVA OF HYDROSCAPHA AND SOME OTHER
AQUATIC LARVAE FROM ARIZONA. 1

(With Plates XVII :md XVIII.)
BY ADAM BOVIXG, Pn.D., Bureau of Entomology.

In the material brought home by Mr. E. A. Schwarz and Mr.
H. S. Barber from Arizona are four hitherto unknown aquatic
Coleopterous larvae, collected in December, 1913, in the hot water
at the Castle Hot Springs. Mr. Schwarz and Mr. Barber have
been so kind as to ask me to determine these larvae.

Two of the forms are undoubtedly Hydrophilid larvae, namely :
those of Helochares nor mains Lee. and Creniphilus subcupreus Say.

A European larva of the genus Helochares (H. lividus Forst.)
has recently been described with a good figure -in the excellent
work of A. d'Orchymont 2 and I am well acquainted with this
larva which has been reared by Mr. Wm. Schlick (May 21, 1889,
and Mr. E. Rosenberg May 12, 1895) in Denmark. 3 the Ameri-
can species conforms exactly with the European generic type and
the specific determination cannot be in doubt because Helochares
normatus'Lec. is the only species of the genus found in the locality.

The second Hydrophilid larva, Creniphilus subcupreus, was also
collected in connection with the adult ; it belongs to the Hydrobius
group, which is well known from Schiodte's description and fig-
ure of Hydrobius fuscipes.*

The third larva (fig. 1) cannot be definitely determined. With-
out doubt, however, it belongs to the Helodidae of the Cyphonid
or Microcara type, with which family it agrees in the remarkable
shape of the hairy mouth-parts, the hypopharynx and epipharynx
and in the presence of anal gills. Unfortunately the antenna?
have been broken in both of the specimens of which the material
consists. 5 The Helodidae are represented as adults in the material
by specimens of a new species of Scirtes, (cf. the preceding paper
by Mr. E. A. Schwarz.)

1 Presented at meeting of April 2, 1914.

2 Contribution a 1'etude des larves Hydrophilides, "Annalesde Biologic
lacustre, Tom. vi, 1913, p. 200."

3 I take the opportunity to mention that the larva described by M.
d'Orchymont as Laccobius (?) does not belong to this genus. The larva
of Laccobius has been bred in Denmark from eggs, by Mr. Wm. Schlick and
has later been followed through all stages by Dr. Wesenberg Lund.

4 This figure, by the way, is not quite correct because it shows the ante-
rior edge of what Schiodtc calls the clypeus, straight, and not asymmetric,
as it is in this entire group.

5 Compare the very interesting statement about the dimorphism of the
antennae by P. de Peyerimhof: "Le double type larvaire de Prionocyphon
serricornis Mull." Bulletin de la Soc. Ent. de France, 1913, No. 6, p. 148.

170

PROCEEDINGS ENTOMOLOGICAL SOCIETY

The fourth larva is that of Hydroscapha natans Lee. and is by
far the most interesting of them (figs. 2-13). The species is rep-
resented in all stages, from egg to imago. The eggs are in propor-
tion remarkably large, oval, smooth, dark brown, without sculp-
ture. I observed them first in numbers, attached to the algae
with which they were received, and found them afterwards within
the female. Only one egg is developed at a time, and this occu-
pies nearly one-fourth of the abdomen, (fig. I). A single pupa
only was found and this is in too poor condition to describe prop-
erly. I give a mere outline of the form in figure II.

> V -" V S s
^ ... ^ s ^ :

.air

frtnoe of ctfta
-'ret <x if) t'no at'r

Sketch, from Life
r>u(uT<3.( ~

g /-/yc/rosccr/i4a Q~n

Fig. I. Hydroscapha in natural positions.

Three larval stages are in the material and evidently no more
occur. The first stage is, as is often the case in Coleopterous
larvae, somewhat different from the two following, and especially
is the pair of peculiar appendices on the eighth abdominal seg-
ment (fi, fig. 7) relatively longer than in the two later stages.
The full grown larva (figs. 2, 4) is 1.5 mm. long, dark grey, with
the anterior and posterior portion of each segment whitish and
soft skinned; the number, arrangement, form and length of the
seta? and the sensorial punctures on the different parts of the
body are shown on the figures (figs. 2, 4). The head is bent

OF WASHINGTON, VOLUME XVI, 1914 171

downward. There are five ocelli in a whitish area as shown on
the figure (fig. 4). The labrum (Ir, fig. 5) is large and broad like
an eyeshade; it covers and protects the mouth-parts, but works
at the same time as a scraper; it is firmly connected with the
front, no clypeus intervening but a suture (c.s.) is easily observed.
The front (/) is nearly triangular, the interior angles (i) being very
obtuse; the exterior angles (e) are acute and the posterior angle
(p) is approximately 60; the frontal sutures (/..s.) are slightly
inwardly curved. The dorsal portion of the epicranium is flat
and large, the epicranial suture (es) short, and on the ventral side
the epicranial margin is strengthened by a hypostomal chitiniza-
tion (h, fig. 6). The anterior portion of this margin forms a deep
and broad curve, within which are placed the second and third
pair of trophi. The posterior portion is one-fourth as long as the
anterior and borders on a broad gula (gu, fig. 6). The antennal
ring (a, fig. 5) is large and somewhat triangular, and the connect-

Fig. II. Pupa of Hydroscapha.

ing membrane is also large. The antenna itself consists only of a
small basal piece (b, fig. 5) which carries two long, slender proc-
esses, one of which is possibly the second antennal joint, the other
a sensitive papilla. On the end of the supposedly second joint a
very diminutive third joint seems to be present.

The mouth-parts are well adapted to chew off and force into the
pharynx the jelly-like algae on which the larva subsists. The man-
dibles (fig. 9) have a very large, broad and depressed molar part
(mo) and a slender, upright, terminal part (t) ; the tip of which is
produced into a little hand-like rake; a pectinate lacinia mobilis
(Im) is inserted between the molar and the terminal parts. The
form of the maxillse (fig. 6) is very characteristic; they have a
large cardo (ca) and a well developed stipes (st), and a flat chiti-
nized lacinia (la) with a series of large, flattened setae and a spine-
like galea (g) close to the lacinia. The maxillary palpus is three-
jointed, the basal joint with a little process on the outside. The
labium (fig. 6) has short, two-jointed labial palpi and a fleshy
ligula (li). Both mentum (m) and submentum (sm) are well de-
veloped, almost quadratic. The large connecting lobe (me) be-

172 PROCEEDINGS ENTOMOLOGICAL SOCIETY

tween the submentum and the maxilla is indistinctly sepaiated
from the submentum.

The thoracic segments (fig. 2) are nearly twice as broad as the
middle abdominal segments. The chitinized upper side is rounded
and protects the soft ventral part as a shield. The stout curved
legs (figs. 4, 8) can be drawn in under the edges of this shield.
The coxa (ex) is large and mobile, and the femur (fe) and tibia (ti)
are approximately of equal size, and only half as thick and long as
the coxa. The tarsus (ta) is large and unguliform, without claws.

The abdomen (figs. 2, 4) is ten-jointed; the chitinized portion
of each abdominal segment forming a continuous closed ring with-
out any soft lateral zone. The soft-skinned portion between the
rings is broad and the segments can be telescoped to a consider-
able extent. On the eighth abdominal segment is a pair of cerci-
like filaments (fi, figs. 4, 7) but true cerci, which always belong-
to the ninth abdominal segment, are entirely absent. The fila-
ments are two-jointed, and consist of a cylindrical, well chitinized
base with a few long setae, and an apical thin-skinned, cylindrical
piece which is entirely filled by an enlargement of the trachea.
These filaments are undoubtedly organs of respiration. A pair of
similar, but smaller formations are found on the posterior edge of
the prothorax (figs. 2, 3, 4), and another pair on the posterior
edge of the first abdominal segment. I believe that they corre-
spond morphologically to the filaments on the larva of Bcro^n.^
which arc not direct formations from the spiracle, but develop-
ments from the integument near the spiracle, provided with very
strong tracheae. In Berosus the spiracles are small but easily seen,
while in Hydroscapha they are so reduced that even the spiracle
opening cannot be seen, and only some of the very fine tracheae
of the spiracles which reach out to the surface are visible. The
filaments of Hydroscapha resemble greatly the peculiar flattened
hairs at the edges of the segments (fig. 3), but whether or not
they really are to be regarded as modified hairs may be disputable.
The tenth abdominal segment is directed downwards and carries
two pencil-shaped appendices (pap fig. 7). Ventrally it is devel-
oped as a sucker (sw).

The systematic position of Hydroscapha has been much discussed
but the larva has hitherto not been known, and, its discovery by
Messrs. Schwarz and Barber is therefore very important.

The entire larval structure shows that Hydroscapha must be
referred to the Hydrophilidae as a new subfamily, the Hydrosca-
phinae, closely allied to the small, remarkable subfamily, Limnebii-
nse, which has recently been defined by A. d'Orchymont. 2

1 Described by Schiodte in "de metamorphosi eleutheratorum obscr-
vationes," Naturh. Tidskr. 3 Ser., vol. i, 1862, p. 213, pi. v, vn.

2 Contribution a 1'etudc des larves Hydrophilides, "Annales de biologic
acustre. Tom. vi. 1913, p. 181."

OF WASHINGTON, VOLTJ.vlE XVI, 1914 173

The Hydroscaphinoe agree with the Limnebiinae (represented by
Ochthebius pygmceus F., (figs. 10-17) in many important charac-
ters. They have the same general shape of the body, downward
bent head, broad gula (gu, figs. 6, 17), the same number of ocelli,
exactly the same unusual shape of all the mouth-parts (figs. 5, 6,
10, 11, 12, 16, 17), the same deeply curved hypostoma (h figs. 6,
17), homologous processes on the last abdominal segment (figs. 7,
14), and similarly formed legs (figs. 8, 13). But the two larva-
types differ in the antennae which are very short in the Hydrosca-
phinoe (fig. 5), and rather long in the Limnebiinae (fig. 16). Tho
Hydroscaphinae lack the clypeus (fig. 5) which is distinctly devel-
oped in the Limnebiinae (fig. 16). The Hydroscaphinge have no
spiracles while the Limnebiinse have well developed circular spir-
acles (fig. 15) laterally placed on the mesothorax and on the first
eight abdominal segments. The Hydroscaphinge have the above
described filaments on the prothorax, and the first and the eighth
abdominal segments, but no cerci on the ninth. The Limnebiinse,
on the other hand, have not these filaments, but have cerci on
the ninth abdominal segment (cer, fig. 14). It should be noted,
however, that the characters of the last abdominal segments in
these two forms seem so similar that it is difficult not to consider
them homologous. The true explanation may be that the first
abdominal segment in Hydroscapha has become obliterated under
the strongly developed thorax and that thus what I have cautiously
determined in this larva as the first abdominal segment is really
the second and that the filaments described as belonging to the
eighth abdominal segment belong to the ninth, and that what has
been described as the ninth and tenth abdominal segments is
merely the divided tenth segment. The absence of the spiracles
in Hydroscapha makes the interpretation very difficult but the
arrangement of the spines and sensory punctures makes it evident .
that if any segment is absent it must be the first; it is however
possible that it is the eighth and ninth segments which have be-
come amalgamated.

It is worth noting that the larvae of the Limnebiinse and the
Hydroscaphinae are very similar to the larvae of the small Staphy-
linidae of the Tachinus-Tachyporus group. In fact these three
forms seem to be more closely related to each other than the small
Staphylinids are to the normal Staphylinid type and than the
Limnebiinee and the Hydroscaphinae are to the typical Hydro-
philidse.

All figures are camera lucida drawings by the author.

174

PROCEEDINGS ENTOMOLOGICAL SOCIETY

EXPLANATION OF PLATES XVII AND XVIII.

a, antennal ring; b, basal joint of the antenna; c, clypeus; ca, cardo;
cer, cercus; co, condyle of the mandible; cs, clypeal suture; ex, coxa; e, ex-
terior angle of front; ecr, epicranium; ep, epistoma; es, epicranial suture;
/, front ;fe, femur ;fi, filament ;fo, fossa of the mandible ;/s, frontal suture;
g, galea; gu, gula; h, hypostoma; ha, hook-shaped appendix of last abdom-
inal segment of Ochthebius larva; i, interior angle of front; I, stipes labii;
la, lacinia; li, ligula; Im, lacinia mobilis mandibuli; Ir, labrum; m, mentum:
me, connecting lobe between maxilla and submentum; md, mandible; mo,
molar part of the mandible; oc, ocellus; p, posterior angle of front; pap,
pencil-shaped appendix of last abdominal segment of the H ydroscapha
larva; sm, submentum; st, stipes maxillae; su, sucking portion of last abdom-
inal segment of the Hydroscapha larva; t, terminal part of the mandible;
la, tarsus; ti, tibia.

Fig. 1, Helodid. [Possibly Scirles n. sp.] Lateral view of the larva;
antennae broken in the specimen. (The natural size of the larva is 5 mm.)

Fig. 2, Hydroscapha natans Lee. Dorsal view of the larva. (The natural
size of the larva is 1.5 mm.)

Fig. 3, Hydroscapha natans Lee.
shaped hairs; and a long seta.

Fig. 4, Hydroscapha natans Lee.

Fig. 5, Hydroscapha natans Lee.

Fig. 6, Hydroscapha natans Lee.

Fig. 7, Hydroscapha natans Lee.
abdomen.

Fig. 8, Hydroscapha natans Lee.

Fig. 9. Hydroscapha natans Lee. Larva
from the buccal cavity, partly from below.

Fig. 10, Ochthebius pygmceus F. Larva.

Fig. 11, Ochthebius pygmceus F.

Fig. 12, Ochthebius pygmceus F.

Larva. Prothoracic filament; loaf-

Lateral view of the larva.
Larva. Dorsal view of the head.
Ventral view of the head.
Ventral view of the end of

Larva.
Larva.

Larva.

Left mesothoracic leg.
Left mandible seen partly

Larva.
Larva.

Right mandible; dorsal view.
Left mandible; ventral view.
Left mandible from the buc-
cal cavity.

Fig. 13, Ochthebius pygmceus F. Larva.
Fig. 14, Ochthebius pygmceus F. Larva,
side and a little from above to show both abdominal hooks.
Fig. 15, Ochthebius pygmceus F. Larva. Lateral view,
size of the larva is 3.5 mm.)

Fig. 16, Ochthebius pygmceus F. Larva. Dorsal view of the head.
Fig. 17, Ochthebius pygmccns F. Larva. Ventral view of the head.

Left mesothoracic leg.

End of the abdomen from the

(The natural

I>I(OC. KNT. SOr. WASH.. VOL. XVI.

IM.ATK XVH

DASC1LUD

F1G.4

HYAROSCAPHA

PLATE XVIII.

I'HOC. EXT. SOC. WASH., VOL. XVI.

/ FIG. 5 HYDRpSCAEHA

h--

FIG 6 HYBR,

'-pap

FIG,. 7 HfDR

-1m

t-
1m

Fia.8

HYOR.

1m

FIG.9

HYDR.

FJGs.ll FIG,.] 2

FJGs.14 OCHT.

FIG,. 16

OCHT.

OF WASHINGTON, VOLUME XVI, 1914 175

NOTE ON RHIPIDANDRI A CORRECTION. 1

BY E. A. SCHWARZ AND H. S. BARBER, Bureau of Entomology.

An injustice seems to have been done to Motschulsky's memory
by the junior writer, in his former notes on this group (Proc.
Ent. Soc. Wash., 1913, vol. xv, p. 189), and by other writers also,
owing, probably, to the similarity of the names Xyloborus and
Xykborus. Thus Gemminger and Harold 1872 (Cat,, p. 2685),
Hagedorn 1910 (Coleopt, Catal. Junk, Ipidse, p. 101), Barber
1913 (Proc. Ent. Soc. Wash., xv, p. 189-190) and Kleine 1914
(Berl. Ent. Zeitsch., vol. 58, 1913, p. 160) have all been wrong in
considering that he had described his species as a Scolytid, and
in failing to recognize his generic name. The only writer who
seems to have noticed the distinction seems to be Arrow 1904
(Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist, (7), vol. 14, p. 30-33) who for some reason
did not make use of Motschulsky's generic name. It is also
worthy of record in this connection that cotypes of some foreign
species have been added to our National Collection. We append
some omitted or subsequent bibliographical references for addition
to the list of notices previously given.

The name Xyloborus appears among Heteromerous genera in
the Dejean Catalogue (1833, p. 201, and 1837, p. 222) with an
undescribed species from Buenos Ayres and is therefore a nomen
nudum, but Motschulsky in 1858 described a related species,
crenipennis, from Burma using the generic name of Dejean and
referring to the South American species, thus validating the
generic name, for which his species automatically becomes the
type. That he was dealing with a Heteromerous instead of with
a Scolytid genus is evident from the remarks following his specific
diagnosis and which also mention some generic characters. More-
over the name Xyleborus was not used for the genus in the latter
family until six years later. Xyloborus is thus an older name than
any of the other generic names of the group, if Eledona be ex-
cluded, but it is necessary to examine the status of the genus in
which the still older species (flabellicorms) had been placed.
Sturm, 1826, evidently intended to write Xyletinus instead of
Xylotinus on page 59 of his Catalogue, for on page 206, and on
plate 1, figure 7, the name is correctly spelled. This typographical
error should not be perpetuated to supersede Rhipidandrus
LeConte 1857. The type of Xyletinus Latr. 1890, cannot be
pectinatus as stated by Westwood, for it is not one of the three
originally included species. Two of the three are now listed in
Lasioderma leaving only bucephalus Illiger as the logical type.

1 Presented at meeting of June 4, 1914.

176 PROCEEDINGS ENTOMOLOGICAL SOCIETY

Ootypes ami other specimens of some of the foreign species
have been received recently by the National Museum from the
British Museum, through the kindness of Mr. Arrow, and from
Mr. H. Gebien and M. Rene Oberthiir. as follows:

Rhipidandrus mcxicanus Sharp ootype. Yzabel. Guatemala vSalleV
Rhipidandrus sulcatus (Gorham'i eotypes. St. Vincent. W. I. (H. H. Smith \

"i!/;? cornutus (Arrow ^ cotypes. St. Vincent. W. I. (H. H. SmitlO.
Eutomus cornutus \. Arrow). Guadeloupe. (One of Salles specimens which

were called by him inicrogrc.:-' 1 . - .
E .iomus icalkcri (Waterhouse\ Matabello Isl. (A. R. Wallace

.wins sp. (possibly '': pcruvianus Cast.). Paraguay.
Xylobor ~ .ipennis Mots. Andamans (Roepstorff).
Xylobor us nudus (Gebien' cotypes. Banguey. B. Borneo.
Bolitolaemus fomiticola Geb. eotype. East Usambara. Deremas. (Eichel-

baum).

Gen. nov.? Brunnei Borneo. Two damaged specimens of an incon-
spicuous form looking like a robust Cioid but having one of the mandibles
bifid so as to receive the point of the other, and having 11-jointed antennae
with 5-jointed club preceded by 4 small joints, were sent by M. Rene Ober-
thiir. but the material is insufficient for dissection and careful study.
Superficially they appear to form an interesting connecting link between
the Cioid;v and Rhipidaudrini. which well deserves closer examination.

A number of references to members of this group have been
omitted from the former chronological bibliography. The follow-
ing max be added to the list :

1S33. DEJEAX i^Cat. Coleop.. p. 201^ lists Xylobor us costatus Dej. from
Buenos Ayres. not far from Elcdona in the series he calls "Taxi-
comes" most of which are now included in the Tenebrionidae.
This species has never been described and the genus was invalid
until used by Motschulsky in 1S5S. Among the Xylophages
(.Ipida)' 1 (I.e., p. 306) Dejean has placed Eutonnts niicrographus
Lacordaire. which remained a nomcn nuduni until validated by
Lacordaire in 1S66.

1S37. DEJEAX (.Cat. Coleop., p. 222 and 306) same as in 1S33.

1SS6. CHAMPION (Biol. Cent. Amer. Coleop., vol. iv. pt. 1. p. 223) excludes
"Eutomus Lac. (Rhipidandrus Lee.)" from the Bolitophagides
on account of the 4-jointed tarsi, and antennal structure.

1S05. BLAXDFORD (Biol. Centr-Anier. Coleop., vol. iv. pt. 6. p. 118) refers
to the exclusion of the Eutomides from the Scolytida? and assign-
ment to the vicinity of Ci's.

1911. TREDL AND KLEIXE (Uebersieht liber die Gesamtliterature der
Borkenkafer, Beilage zu den Eut. Bliittern. 7 Jrg.. p. 45) wrongly
include Xylcborus crcnipcnnis, under the Scolytids described by
Motschulsky.

OF WASHINGTON, VOLUME XVI. 1014 177

1912. Pic (Coleop. Cat. Junk. Anobiidse, p. 48; still includes flabellicornis

Sturm as a valid species in Xyltl'inus.
1914. KLEIXE CBerl. Ent. Zeits., 58, 1913, p. 160; lists crenipennis Mo- -

from the East Indies as a valid species in the Ipid genus Xyleborus.
1914. DURY CJourn. Cincinnati Soc. Xat. Hist., p. 16Sj describe- in-

drus fulvomaculatus n. sp., from Alabama and Florida, which is

apparently a small species of Eutom
1914. DURY (Journ. X. Y. Ent. Soc., xxn, p. 173; defines the Cioidse so as

to exclude -i the Rhipidandrinae which form a tribe in the family

Tenebrionidae."
1914. LEXG A.VD MCTCHLER (Bull. Am. Mus. Xat. Hist., xxxm, pp. 461-

462j cite the two West Indian species under three generic and four

specific names under which they have been recorded by Salle.

Arrow and Gorham.
(1914? Gebien in a letter mentions descriptions of new forms in this group

that were to appear shortly in the Bulletin of the Sarawak Museum,

but the writers have not yet seen this journal.)

The position of the Rhipidandri still appears very vague.
Sharp was probably mistaken about the front tarsal joints, for
the writers can find but four joints, as in the Cioidse, in all tarsi
of Rh. flabellicornis, Eu. cornutus, peninsularis and fuscomaculatus,
while the tarsi of Eledona are typically heretomerous. The
value of this character may have been overestimated The
antennae do not differ essential!}', and it is interesting to note that
Sharp & Muir (Tr. Ent. Soc. Lond. 1912, p. 3, p. 618 and 619)
have tentatively grouped a number of "Heteromerous" families
with the Cioidoe in the superfamily Cucujoidea, but say the sede-
agus in Cis is not similar to anything else. The Rhipidandri
appear to be intermediate between Eledona and the Cioidse in
many of their characters and are probably worthy of family rank,
but the undescribed genus from Borneo, above referred to, seems
to link them more closely with the latter than does Bolitolcemus
to Eledona. It is to be regretted that no larvse of any member
of this group are at hand. The only description of the immature
form is by Friedenreich and has been abstracted by Arrow.

At the meeting of November 1, 1914 a special committee con-
sisting of A. Busck, E. A. Schwarz and X. Banks presented the
following which was ordered printed.

THEODORE N. GILL.

There is no need in this brief notice to attempt any eulogy of Dr.
Gill. As one of the greatest naturalists of the age his accomplish-

178 PROCEEDINGS ENTOMOLOGICAL SOCIETY

ments and connection with various scientific societies are known
to all throughout the world. We wish more especially to record
his relations with our Society which date back more than twenty-
five years, when upon invitation of a member he attended one of
the meetings. He was so interested in the discussion, that in
1891 he became an active member, and thereafter the Society
was highly honored by his regular attendance. He read but few
formal papers before the Society, but very frequently took part
in the discussions, and with his inexhaustible knowledge of taxon-
omy and comparative anatomy was able to present the broad er
view of many questions. His extemporaneous remarks were
often so thorough and extensive as to constitute a general zoologi-
cal review of the entire matter. Among the more important matters
touched upon by Dr. Gill may be mentioned the following :

The Larva of Insects, An Intercalated Stage. Ent. Soc. Wash. Pro.,
vol. ii, p. 304, 1892.

On a Remarkable New Family of Crabs from the Coast of Coromandel
at a Depth of 150-200 Fathoms, Proposing new generic name Retropluma
and the new family Retroplumidce. Ent. Soc. Pro., vol. in, p. 182, 1894.

Relative Value of Different Groups of Animals from the Faunistic Stand-
point. Ent. Soc. Pro., vol. iv, p. 194, 1897.

On the Evolution of Genus Making. Ent. Soc. Pro., vol. iv, p. 345, 1898.

Note on Micropterous Island Insects. Ent. Soc. Pro., vol. iv, p. 488,
1898.

On the Fauna of Hawaii. Ent. Soc. Pro., vol. iv, p. 491, 1898.

On the Character of the Philippine Island Fauna. Ent. Soc., Pro.
vol. vi, p. 174.

On Taxonomic Groups. Ent. Soc. Pro., vol. xm, p. 181.

On Secondary Sexual Characters. Ent. Soc. Pro. vol. xiv, p. 204.

Dr. Gill's uniform kindness in aiding his fellow members not
only in zoological but in linguistic and bibliographic matters will
never be forgotten by the many of us who personally benefited
thereby. No one will ever know how many generic and other
names credited to various entomologists really originated with

Dr. Gill's genial presence added greatly to the scientific and
social success of our meetings and the loss of our most notable
member will be deeply felt by all of us.

OF WASHINGTON, VOLUME XVI, 1914 179

NOTES ON THE DIPTEROUS GENUS CHYROMYA R-D.

BY J. R. MALLOCH, Urbana, III.

This genus has undergone several nomenclatorial changes since
1830 as indicated by the synonymy given below.

Chyromya R-D., Essai My ode., p. 621 (1830).

Pelithophila of authors, not Hagenbach, Symbol. Faun, insect. Helv.,

p. 48, (1822).

Lisella R-D., Essai Myod., p. 649 (1830).
Sapromyza part Fallen, Zetterstedt and Meigen.
Scyphella'R-D., Essai Myod., p. 050 (1830).
Thyrimyza Zetterstedt, Dipt. Scand., vol. 6, p. 2336 (1847).

In addition to these we have the misspelled names Chrymomyia
and Peletophila by Becker 1 and the emendation to Chiromyia by
Alt-lander 2 following Scudder. 3

The name Pelethophila cannot be used as the only species orig-
inally included in the genus is a true Psila ( fimataria Linne).

The position also of the genus has been subject to some changes.
The older authors placed it in Sapromyzidae while some recent
authors have placed it in Opomyzidae. The latest arrangement
regulates it to Opomyzinffi a subfamily of Geomyzidae.

The generic characters are as follows: Post-vertical bristles
convergent; ocellar bristles divergent; ocellar triangle and orbits
poorly denned; usually 3 pairs of orbital bristles, the anterior
pair convergent; antennae small, the third joint not elongated,
apically rounded, arista almost bare; face slightly receding;
cheeks about half as high as eye, vibrissse weak; proboscis fleshy;
palpi normal. Thorax with 2-4 pairs of dorso-central bristles
and distinct and rather numerous discal setulse; mesopleura
with usually 2 bristles; sterno-pleura with 1 bristle. Legs with-
out preapical bristle. Wings with costa twice broken; auxilary
vein indistinct, incomplete, or joining costa; costa unspined;
discal cell elongate; outer cross vein beyond middle of wing;
an.nl cell complete; anal vein reaching almost or quite to margin.

Synopsis of North American Species of Ghyromya.

1. Fore and hind femora of male much swollen; large species, 3-3.5 mm.

femorella
Fore and hind femora of male not swollen 2

2. Thorax with 4 pairs of dorso-central bristles 3

Thorax with 2-3 pairs of dorso-central bristles 4

^eitschr. fur Syst. Hymen, u. Dipt., vl. 4, 1904, p. 129.

2 Jour. N. Y. Ent. Soc., vol. 21, p. 300 (1913).

3 Nomen. Zool.

180 PROCEEDINGS ENTOMOLOGICAL SOCIETY

3. Larger species, 2-3 mm. ; scutellum with setulse in addition to the 4

marginal bristles flava

Smaller species, 1.5-1.75 mm.; scutellum with only the 4 marginal
bristles minima

4. Last joint of mid tarsi of male black; of the female slightly brownish

nigrimana
Last joint of mid tarsi yellow concolor

Chyromya femorella Fallen.

Sapromyza femorella Fallen, Dipt. Suec., Ortalid. .34, 15 (1820).

This species like all the others in the foregoing table except
nigrimana is yellow in color with a black ocellar spot. The
mesonotum has four pairs of strong dorso-central bristles and
about six irregular rows of setulse between them. The femora
of the female are less distinctly thickened than those of the male
but still appreciably thicker than those of flava.

I have seen both sexes of this species from Algonquin, 111.,
W. A. Nason. Male swept from low herbage along creek; most
of the females taken on windows, but a few on flowers. May to
June.

Chyromya flava. Linne.

Musca flava, Linne, Fauna Suec. 1869 (1761).

Scyphella flavicornis R-D., Essai Myod., p. 650, sp. 1 (1830).

I have not as present before me specimens of this species, but
believe that Professor Melander has correctly recorded it as occur-
ring in America.

I have taken the species commonly in Scotland on windows
where it occurred along with lutea. The latter is distinguished
from flava by the black third antennal joint and very probably
occurs in America also.

Chyromya minima Becker.

Peletophila minima Becker, Zeitschr. fur. Syst. Hymen, u. Dept., vol. 4,
p. 133 (1904).

Becker describes this species as follows: "Matt, blassgelb. Thorax
mit 4 deutlichen Dorso-centralborsten und dazwischen unregelmassig in
ca. 1 Reichen gestellte Akrosti-kalborsten. Schildchen ausser den 4 Rand-
borsten nackt. Borsten und Haare auf dem Thorax und Kopf gelb. Augen
querliegend. Punctaugenhocker nicht geschwarzt. Hinterriicken und
Hinterlieb gelb; bei den Manichen ist derselbe, namentlich gegen das
Endehin deutlich, bei den Weibchen weniger deutlich, fein schwarz be-
haart. Schenkel nicht verdickt. Flugel wie bei den librigen Arten. 1-
lf mm. lang."

Professor Melander records' this species from Washington and Cali-
fornia. 1

1 Jour. N. Y. Ent. Soc., vol. 21, p. 300 (1913).

OF WASHINGTON, VOLUME XVI, 1914 181

I have not seen the species. The meso-pleura is stated by
Melander to be "not setulose, " a character not mentioned by
Becker.

Chyromya nigrimana n. sp.

Male: Yellow, and slightly shining. Head whitish yellow, cheeks al-
most white; arista brown, base yellow; ocellar region black, Pleurse whitish.
Legs yellow, last tarsal joint of middle legs black. Wings clear, veins
yellow. Halteres yellow. Bristles and hairs yellow.

Frons one-third the width of head at vertex, distinctly narrowed ante-
riorlj-; 3 pairs of orbitals present; of almost equal length; center stripe with
a few microscopic surface hairs; arista almost bare; cheek at middle half as
high as eye; eye as high as long; its long axis diagonal to the longitudinal
line of body. Mesonotum with 2 pairs of strong and usually 1 pair of weak
dorso-centrals; about 8 rows of setulse between dorso-centrals; mesopleura
with a few weak hairs in addition to the usual bristles; scutellum with
4 marginal bristles. Hypopygium large and knob-like. Legs without
bristles, except on the postero-dorsal surface of fore femora. Wings with
inner cross vein at two-fifths from apex of discal cell; penultimate section
of fourth vein about one-fourth the length of ultimate section and sub-
equal with ultimate section of fifth.

Female: Similar to male except that the last joint of mid tarsus is slightly
brownish instead of black. Abdomen slightly pointed at apex.

Length: 1.5 mm.

Type locality: Urbana, 111., May 20, 1914 (C. A. Hart and J. R.
Malloch). Taken by sweeping vegetation along the bank of
Salt Fork at the Fair Gounds.

Paratypes: St. Joseph, 111., May 3-17, 1914 (J. R. Malloch).
On bank of Salt Fork.

Chyromya concolor n. sp.

Male and female: Entirely yellow with the exception of the black ocellar
spot.

Differs from the preceding species in having the eyes more elongate and
nearly in line with the long axis of the body; the dorso-central bristles
stronger, the third pair generally distinct, and the inner cross vein nearer
to middle of discal cell (in type at middle).

Length: 1.5-1.75 mm.

This species is evidently very close in general appearance to
minima but unless Becker erred in his description it cannot possibly
be that species.

Type locality: Monticello, 111., June 21-28, 1914 (C. A. Hart
and J. R Malloch). Taken by sweeping vegetation on bank of
Sangamon River.

Paratypes: Muncie, 111., May 24, 1914 (C. A. Hart and J. R.
Malloch); Algonquin, 111., June 1-10, 1894 (W. A. Nason).

182 PROCEEDINGS ENTOMOLOGICAL SOCIETY

HABITS OF SOME TACHINIDAE.

BY R. C. SHANNON, Bureau of Entomology.

It appears from recently collected Tachinids that nocturnal
habits may be more common in this family than we have sup-
ppsed. Mr. Walton has spoken at a previous meeting of the
society of Eutrixa exile Coq. as probably being nocturnal, he
having seen two specimens from Ithaca, N. Y., collected at light
and knowing that they are parasitic upon nocturnal beetles
(Lachnosterna) . Another specimen of this species was taken at
light at Plummer's Island, Maryland, in April, 1914. There
are three specimens in the National Collection which were bred
from adult Lachnosterna arcuata by Mr. Theodore Pergande in
March, 1895. Other nocturnal Tachinids have recently been
collected at light at Forest Glen, Maryland, by Mr. Otto Heide-
mann. One specimen is Cryptomeigenia theutis Walker, a well
known parasite of adult Lachnosterna, and four specimens are of
an apparently new species of Neophyto, which will be described
later by Mr. Walton. This latter species is probably parasitic
upon some nocturnal beetle, since its close relatives have such
habits. It may be that this species hides during the day, which
would perhaps account for it remaining unknown hitherto. The
nocturnal habit of these flies is clearly an adaptation to the noc-
turnal habit of their hosts.

The genus Trichopoda has been known to be parasitic on
Hemiptera and recently has been bred on various occasions. Last
year several parasitized adults of the Coreid, Metapodius terminalis
were collected near Washington by Mr. Frederick Knab and
from one of these an adult Trichopoda was bred while another
on dissection disclosed a larva in the base of the abdomen. A
parasitized specimen of M. instabilis was found by the writer at
Dead Run, Fairfax County, Virginia, May 2, of this year and
from it a fine specimen of Trichopoda was bred. The larva left
its host and pupated on May 15, while the imago issued on the
29th. Parasitized specimens can be recognized at a glance since
the externally laid egg is white and is in strong contrast with the
body color of the host. Often more than one egg is laid upon a
single victim, Mr. Knab having in one case seen as many as five.
They are usually laid upon either the head or thorax, above or
below, but sometimes are even attached to the tegmina.

Another genus of Tachinids has been bred from a different
genus of Hemiptera. A specimen of Reduviolus roseipennis
Reuter, in which the abdomen was swollen much beyond normal
size, was found on Plummer's Island, Maryland, May 10, 1914,
and was placed in an isolation vial, where, about a week later,
it was found dead with a dipterous puparium beside it. This
latter was placed in a suitable cell where the adult issued ten
days later. Mr. Walton determined it as Leucostoma atra Towns.
No host record of this Tachinid has hitherto been published.

INDEX TO VOLUME XVI.

Abdominal structure of certain beetle larvae of
the Campodeiform type, 55.

Agromyza, Description of a new species from
Porto Rico, 89; ineequalis, n. sp., 89.

Alabama argillacea in Arizona, 17.

Alaptus animus, n. sp., 110; maccabei, n. sp.,
111.

Anaphoidea luna, n. sp., 109.

Anthonomus grandis in Cuba, 120.

Anthonomus grandis tnurberise, 14, 16, 23.

Antistrophoplex biooloripes, n. sp., 125.

Aphanurus bodkini, n. sp., 87.

Aphelininoe, Concerning some, 79.

Aquatic beetles in hot springs, in Arizona, 163.

Arizona, Thurberia cotton boll weevil in, 14,
16, 23.

Asaphes americana, n. sp., 114.

Azotus, Enumeration of species, 84; chionaspidis,
n. sp., 85.

BANKS, NATHAN: A new mite from Thurberia,
44; A new Ortalid fly, 138.

BARBER, HERBERT S.: On interspecific mating
in Phengodes and interbreeding in Eros
(Coleoptera), 32.

BARBER, HERBERT S. and SCHWAKZ, E. A.,
Note on Rhipidandri A correction, 175.

Bees visiting Thurberia, 31.

Berosus, Larva of, 172.

Blister Mite on Thurberia, 19.

Boll worm on Thurberia, 17.

BOVING, A. G.: On the abdominal structure of
certain beetle larvae of the Campodeiform
type. A study of the relations between the
structure of the integument and the muscles,
55; Notes on the larva of Hydroscapha and
some other aquatic larva from Arizona, 169.

BOVING, A. G., and BUSCK, AUGUST: On Mne-
monica auricyanea Walsingham, 151.

British Museum in Bloomsbury, London, Cole-
optera at, 8.

Bucculatrix thurberiella, n. sp., 30.

BUSCK, AUGUST: Address of the President: On
the classification of the Microlepidoptera,
46; Two Microlepidoptera on Thurberia
thespesioides, 30; Life history of Eucosma
haracana, Kearfott, 150. Descriptions of
new Microlepidoptera of forest trees, 143.

BUSCK, AUGUST and BOVING, A. G.: On Mne-
monica auricyanea, Walsingham, 151.

Callichroma, A new species from Texas, 97;
schwarzi, n. sp., 97; Table of N. A. species,
98.

Callimomids, Notes on the Chalcidoid family,
122; Table of subfamilies, 123.

CAUDELL, A. N.: The egg of Pseudosermyle
truncata Caudell, 96.

Cecidomyid gall on Thurberia, 20.

Celatoria diabroticre, 11.

Ceratopogoninse sucking the blood of caterpil-
lars, 63; sucking the blood of other insects,
139.

Chsetophleps setosa, 138.

Chalcid-flies, Descriptions of new, 109.

Chalcis pandora, n. sp., 87.

Chalcura on Thurberia, 22, 28; arizonensis, n.
sp., 29.

Chrysolampus, Table of species, 74; lycti, n.
sp.; parumpunctatus, n. sp., 75; schwarzi,
n. sp., 76.

ChyromyaR D.,Noteson the Dipterous genus,
179; Table of North American species, 179;
concolor, n. sp., 181; femorella, 180; flava,
180; minima, 180; nigrimana, n. sp., 181.

City markets and parks, Coleoptera in, 9, tO.

Classification of the Microlepidoptera, 46.

COAD, B. R., and PIERCE, W. D.: Studies of the
Arizona Thurberia weevil on cotton in Texas,
23.

COCKERELL, T. D. A.: Coleoptera at the Brit-
ish Museum, Bloomsbury, 8; Bees visiting
Thurberia, 31.

Coleophora, Notes on some forest, with descrip-
tions of two new species, 66; alniella, n. sp.,
68; carpinella, n. sp., 67; leucochrysella, 67;
querciella, 69.

Coleoptera at the British Museum, Bloomsbury,
8; Aquatic in hot springs in Arizona, 163.

Coleopterous larvse of the Campodeiform type,
55.

Compsilura oppugnator, n. sp., 93.

Cotton boll weevil in Cuba, 120.

Cotton plant, \\ild, of Arizona, Notes on the
entomology of, 14.

CRAWFORD, J. C.: Two new parasitic Hymen-
optera from Arizona, 29; The species of Peri-
lampidse of Ameiica north of Mexico, 69;
New parasitic Hymenoptera from British
Guiana, 85; Notes on the Chalcidoid family
Callimomidae, 122.

CUSHMAN, R. A.: A new species of the Braconid
genus Phanerotoma, Wesmael, 78; A Re-
vision of the North American species of the
Braconid genus Habrobracon Johnson (Ash-
mead), 99.

Creniphilus subcupreus, Larva of, 169.

Dactylopius on Thurberia, 20.

Dendioctonus, Anatomy of, 61.

Diabrotica vittata, A new parasite of, 129.

183

184

INDEX

Dichomeris deflecta on Thurberia, 21; Larva of,
30.

Diptera, Classification of sexual characters, 138.

Dirphys, n. gen., 81; mexicana, 81.

Ectoedemia hoinrichi, n. sp., 149.

Elachertus meridionalis, n. sp., 88.

Elasmus cyanellus, n. sp., 116; fasciativentris,
n. sp., 117; flavoscutellum, 116; proserpinen-
sis, n. sp., 115.

Entomological Society of Washington, Election
of officers for 1914, 45; Annual address of the
President, 46.

Entomology of the Arizona wild cotton, Notes
on, 14.

ErimerinEe, new subfamily of Chalcidioidea, 123.

Erimerus, n. gen., 123.

Eriophyes on Thurberia, 19; thurberis, n. sp.,
44.

Eros, Inbreeding in, 32; humeralis, 33.

Eucosma haracana, Lite history of, 150.

Euhallidaya, n. gen., 130; severinii, n. sp., 130.

Euperilampus triangularis, 69.

Evetria albicapitana, n. sp., 147; bushnelli, n.
sp.. 144; metallica, n. sp., 146; montana,
n. sp., 147; taxifoliella, n. sp., 146; virgini-
ana, n. sp., 145.

FISHER, W. S.: A new species of Callichroma
from Texas, 97.

Forcipomyia crudelis, n. sp., 66; erucicida, n.
sp., 65; propinqua Williston, A correction,
137.

Gargaphia solani, n. sp., 136.

GIRAULT, A. A.: Descriptions of new Chalcid-
flies, 109.

GILL, THEODORE N., Obituary of, 177.

Habrobracon, A Revision of the North Ameri-
can species of the Braconid genus Habro-
bracon Johnson (Ashmead), 99; Table of
species, 100; brevicornis, 101; gelechise, 106;
hopkinsi, 105; johannseni, 107; platynotae,
n. sp., 104; variabilis, n. sp., 103; xanthono-
tus, 105.

HAMMAR, A. G.: Obituary Notice of, 8.

HEIDEMANN, OTTO: O. M. Reuter, 76; Bibliog-
raphy of Reuter, 77; A new species of North
American Tingitidse, 136.

HEINRICH, CARL: Notes on some Forest GJ!-
eophora with descriptions of two new
species, 66.

Helochares normatus, Larva of, 169.

Helodid larva from hot springs in Arizona, 169.

Holcencyrtus calypso, n. sp., 88.

HOOD, J. DOUGLAS: On the proper generic names
for certain Thysanoptera of economic im-
portance, 34; Remarks by, 29.

HOPKINS, A. D., Remarks by, 10, 28, 61.

HOWARD, L. O.: Concerning some Aphelininse,

79; Remarks by, 28.
HUNTER, W. D.: Remarks by, 27.

Hydroscapha natans, Mode of occurrence, 163,
170; Bibliography of the genus, 166; Egg of,
170; Description of larva, 169; pupa of, 171.

Hydroscaphidse, Systematic position of, 172.

Hydroseaphinse, new subfamily of Hydrophili-
d, 172.

Hymenoptera visiting Thurberia, 31; Two new
parasitic from Arizona, 29; New parasitic
from British Guiana, 85; Description of two
parasitic, 141.

Idiomacromerus, n. gen., 124; bimaculatipennis,
n. sp., 124.

Inbreeding in Eros, 33.

Insects on Thurberia in Arizona, 14.

Interspecific mating in Phengodes, 32.

Itonidid gall on Thurberia, 19.

Insects on the Arizona Wild Cotton, 14; Classi-
fication of sexual characters, 138; in hot
water in Arizoft., 163.

JENNINGS, A. H.: Remarks by, 46.

JOHNSTON, T. HARVEY: Remarks by, 45.

KNAB, FREDERICK: Ceratopogoninse sucking the
blood of caterpillars, 63; Sucking the blood
of other insects, 139.

Laccobius, Note on larva of, 169.

Leucostoma atra, 182.

Limnebiinffi, Larva of, 173.

Linnaemyia fulvicauda, n. sp., 93.

Lirimiris truncata on Thurberia, 21.

MALLOCH, J. R.: Forcipomyia propinquus Willis-
ton, A Correction, 137; Description of a new
species of Agromyza from Porto Rico, 89;
The early stages of Metriocnemus lundbecki
Johannsen, 132; Notes on the Dipterous
genus Chyromya R D., 179.

MARTIN, E.: Remarks by, 45.

Mealy bug on Thurberia, 20.

Melissodes communis, 31; thurberise, n. sp., 31.

Mesidia, 79; gillettei, n. sp., 80; mexicana, 81.

Metriocnemus lundbecki, The early stages of,
132.

Microlepidoptera, Two, on Thurberia thespesi-
oides, 30; On the classification of, 46; Phylog-
eny of, 53; Description of new, of forest
trees, 143.

Mite, A new from Thurberia, 44.

Mnemonica auricyanea Walsingham, Life His-
tory of, 151.

Modontomerinse, Table of genera, 123.

MORRILL, A. W., and PIERCE, W. D.: Notes
on. the Entomology of the Arizona Wild
Cotton, 14.

Mosquitoes sucked by Ceratopogoninae, 140.

INDEX

185

Neocelatoria, n. gen., 13; ferox, n. sp., 13.
Neocelatoria ferox Walton, a synonym of Chseto-

phleps setosa Coq., 138.
Obituaries: Philipp Reese Uhler, 1; A. G.

Hammar, 8; O. M. Renter, 76; Theodore

N. Gill, 177.

Ochthebius pygmseus, Larva of, 173.
Paranaphoidea, n. gen., 112; egregia, n. sp., 112.
Paraphelinus tomaspidis, n. sp., 82.
Perilampidfe, The species of, of America north

of Mexico, 69.
Perilampus, Table of species, 70; anomocerus,

n. sp., 72; bakeri, n. sp., 72; canadensis, n.

sp., 74; carinifrons, n. sp., 71; chrysopse, n.

sp., 73; granulosus, n. sp., 73; robertsoni,

n. sp., 71; similis, n. sp., 73; subcarinatus,

n. sp. 70.
Phanerotoma, A new species of the Braconid

genus, 78; recurvarise, n. sp., 78.
Phengodes, On interspecific mating of, 32;

laticolhs, 32.
Perdita mentzeliarum on Thurberia, 31; puncti-

fera, n. sp., 32.

Phrilloxenos, n.gen., 128; compactus, n.sp., 129.
Physcus, Table of species, 82; fijiensis, n. sp.,

83; gracilis, n. sp., 83; stanfordi, n. sp., 84;

townsendi, n. sp., 83.
PIERCE, W. DWIGHT: Descriptions of two new

species of Strepsiptera parasitic on sugar

cane insects, 126.
PIERCE, W. D., and COAD, B. R.: Studies of the

Arizona Thurberia weevil on cotton in Texas,

23.
PIERCE, W. D., and MORRILL, A. W.: Notes on

the entomology of the Arizona wild cotton,

14.

Podagrion beneficium, n. sp., 113; olenus, 114.
Podogaster evetrivorus, n. sp., 142.
Polychaetoneura, n. gen., 90; elyii, n. sp., 91;

timberlakei, n. sp., 91.
Prophanurusalecto, n. sp., 85; minutissimus, 85;

thais, n. sp., 86.

Prospaltella nigrifemur, n. sp., 118.
Pseudococcus on Thurberia, 20.
Pseudosermyle truncata, Egg of, 96.
Pseudotephritis approximata, n. sp., 138.
Recurvaria milleri, n. sp., 144.
REUTER, O. M.: Obituary Notice of, 76; Writ-
ings of, on American Hemiptera, 77.
Rhipidandri, Note on; A Correction, 175;

Species in U. S. National Museum, 176;

Sy*tematic position of, 177.

Rileya piercei, n. sp., 29.

ROHWER, S. A.: Description of two parasitic
Hymenoptera, 141.

SCHWARZ, E. A.: Aquatic beetles, especially
Hydroscapha, in hot springs, in Arizona,
163; Remarks by, 10.

SCHWARZ, E. A., and BARBER, H. S.: Note on
Rhipidandri A correction, 175.

Scirtes, Probable larva of, 169.

Sesia brunneri, n. sp., 143.

Sexual characters, Note on classification of, 138.

SHANNON, R. C.: Habits of some Tachinidse, 182.

Stenocranophilus, n. gen., 126; quadrates, n. sp.,
127.

Strepsiptera, Descriptions of two new species
of, parasitic on sugar cane insects, 126.

S \\ainmerdamia castanece, n. sp., 148.

Sympherta mnemonics?, n. sp. 141.

Tachinidse, Four new species of, from North
America, 90.

Tachinid parasite, a new, of Diabrotica vittata,
13; A new, of Diapheromera femorata S;n ,
129.

Thurberia boll worm in Arizona, 17; Cotton
boll weevil, 14, 16, 23.

Thurberia thespesioides, Notes on the ento-
mology of in Arizona, 14; Miscellaneous
insect visitors of, 22.

Thysanoptera, On the proper generic names for
certain, of economic importance, 34; Cata-
logue of genera and species, 37; Bibliography
of, 40; on Thurberia, 21, 29.

Tingitidse, A new species of North American, 136

TOWNSEND, CHARLES H. T.: Note on a Classi-
fication of sexual characters, 138.

Trichogramma australicum, 119.

Trichopoda, habits of, 1S2.

TRYON, HENRY: Remarks by, 45.

Ufensia, n. gen., 118; pretiosa, n. sp., 118.

UHLER, PHILIPP REESE, Obituary of, 1; The
writings of, 4.

WALTON, W. R.: A new tachinid parasite of
Diabrotica vittata, 11; Four new species of
Tachinidse from North America, 90: A new
Tachinid parasite of Diapheromera femor:ii;i
Say, 129; Neocelatoria ferox Walton a s\ u-
onym of Ohaetophleps setosa Coq., 138.

WOLCOTT, G. N.: The cotton boll weevil in
Cuba, 120.

Xyletinus, 175.

Xyloborus, Note on the genus, 175.

Zaglyptonotus, n. gen., 125; schwarzi, n. sp., 12ti.

Actual date of publication
December 30, 1914.

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SMITH, J. B. Contribution Toward a Monograph of the
Noctuidae of Temperate North America. Five
parts, Mamestra, Xylophasia and Superina, Some
Taenicompid genera; Homohadena, Agrotes. (May
be had separately) Set 2.25

TABLE OF CONTENTS FOR THIS NUMBER

Page

BOVING, ADAM: Notes on the larvae of Hydroscapha and some other
aquatic larvae from Arizona 169

BUSCK, AUGUST; Description of new microlepidoptera of forest trees. . 143
BUSCK, AUGUST: Life history of Encosma haracana Kearfott 150

BUSCK, AUGUST and BOVING, ADAM: On Mnemonica auricyanea Wal-
singham 151

BUSCK, AUGUST; SCHWARZ, E. A., and BANKS, N.: Theodore N. Gill. . 177
MALLOCH, J. R.: Notes on the dipterous genus Chyromya R-D 179

SCHWARZ, E. A.: Aquatic beetles, especially Hydroscapha, in hot
springs, in Arizona 163

SCHWARZ, E. A., and BARBER, H. S.: Note on Rhipidandri a correc-
tion 175

SHANNON, R. C.: Habits of some Tachinidae .182

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